A Medicinal and Edible Plant Crocus sativus L.and Its Therapeutic Effects on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases

This paper introduces the biological characteristics,medicinal value,chemical component,and pharmacological effects of Crocus sativus L.,and explores its therapeutic effects on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as angina pectoris and coronary heart disease.

Analysis of The Impact of Interventional Nursing on The Therapeutic Effect, Negative Emotions, and Quality of Life of Patients Undergoing Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Interventional Therapy

Objective: To explore the impact of interventional nursing on the therapeutic effect, negative emotions, and quality of life of patients undergoing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular interventional therapy. Methods: A total of 106 patients who underwent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular interventional treatment were collected and randomly divided into Group A (control) and Group B (observation), with 53 cases each. Group A received the routine nursing intervention and Group B received the interventional nursing intervention. The clinical efficacy, complications, negative emotions, quality of life, and nursing satisfaction of the two groups of patients were evaluated. Results: The total clinical effective rate of Group B (52/98.12%) was higher than that of Group A (45/84.91%) (χ^(2)= 4.371, P < 0.05). The total incidence of complications in Group B (2/3.78%) was lower than that of Group A (9/16.98%) (χ^(2)= 4.970, P < 0.05). The self-rating anxiety (SAS) score and self-rating depression (SDS) of Group B were lower than those of Group A (P < 0.001). The quality of life of Group B was significantly higher than that of Group A (P < 0.001). The nursing satisfaction of group B (51/96.22%) was higher than that of group A (43/81.13%) (χ^(2)= 6.014, P < 0.05). Conclusion: In the care of patients undergoing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular interventional therapy, interventional nursing intervention effectively improved the patient’s clinical efficacy, reduced the incidence of complications, reduced negative emotions, improved the quality of life, and increased nursing satisfaction.

Prediabetes: An overlooked risk factor for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events in atrial fibrillation patients

BACKGROUND Prediabetes is a well-established risk factor for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events(MACCE).However,the relationship between prediabetes and MACCE in atrial fibrillation(AF)patients has not been extensively studied.Therefore,this study aimed to establish a link between prediabetes and MACCE in AF patients.AIM To investigate a link between prediabetes and MACCE in AF patients.METHODS We used the National Inpatient Sample(2019)and relevant ICD-10 CM codes to identify hospitalizations with AF and categorized them into groups with and without prediabetes,excluding diabetics.The primary outcome was MACCE(all-cause inpatient mortality,cardiac arrest including ventricular fibrillation,and stroke)in AF-related hospitalizations.RESULTS Of the 2965875 AF-related hospitalizations for MACCE,47505(1.6%)were among patients with prediabetes.The prediabetes cohort was relatively younger(median 75 vs 78 years),and often consisted of males(56.3%vs 51.4%),blacks(9.8%vs 7.9%),Hispanics(7.3%vs 4.3%),and Asians(4.7%vs 1.6%)than the non-prediabetic cohort(P<0.001).The prediabetes group had significantly higher rates of hypertension,hyperlipidemia,smoking,obesity,drug abuse,prior myocardial infarction,peripheral vascular disease,and hyperthyroidism(all P<0.05).The prediabetes cohort was often discharged routinely(51.1%vs 41.1%),but more frequently required home health care(23.6%vs 21.0%)and had higher costs.After adjusting for baseline characteristics or comorbidities,the prediabetes cohort with AF admissions showed a higher rate and significantly higher odds of MACCE compared to the non-prediabetic cohort[18.6%vs 14.7%,odds ratio(OR)1.34,95%confidence interval 1.26-1.42,P<0.001].On subgroup analyses,males had a stronger association(aOR 1.43)compared to females(aOR 1.22),whereas on the race-wise comparison,Hispanics(aOR 1.43)and Asians(aOR 1.36)had a stronger association with MACCE with prediabetes vs whites(aOR 1.33)and blacks(aOR 1.21).CONCLUSION This population-based study found a significant association between prediabetes and MACCE in AF patients.Therefore,there is a need for further research to actively screen and manage prediabetes in AF to prevent MACCE.

Sex and racial disparities in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-related cardiovascular events: National inpatient sample analysis (2019)

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)increases cardiovascular disease(CVD)risk irrespective of other risk factors.However,large-scale cardiovascular sex and race differences are poorly understood.AIM To investigate the relationship between NAFLD and major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events(MACCE)in subgroups using a nationally representative United States inpatient sample.METHODS We examined National Inpatient Sample(2019)to identify adult hospitalizations with NAFLD by age,sex,and race using ICD-10-CM codes.Clinical and demographic characteristics,comorbidities,and MACCE-related mortality,acute myocardial infarction(AMI),cardiac arrest,and stroke were compared in NAFLD cohorts by sex and race.Multivariable regression analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics,hospitalization features,and comorbidities.RESULTS We examined 409130 hospitalizations[median 55(IQR 43-66)years]with NFALD.NAFLD was more common in females(1.2%),Hispanics(2%),and Native Americans(1.9%)than whites.Females often reported non-elective admissions,Medicare enrolment,the median age of 55(IQR 42-67),and poor income.Females had higher obesity and uncomplicated diabetes but lower hypertension,hyperlipidemia,and complicated diabetes than males.Hispanics had a median age of 48(IQR 37-60),were Medicaid enrollees,and had non-elective admissions.Hispanics had greater diabetes and obesity rates than whites but lower hypertension and hyperlipidemia.MACCE,all-cause mortality,AMI,cardiac arrest,and stroke were all greater in elderly individuals(P<0.001).MACCE,AMI,and cardiac arrest were more common in men(P<0.001).Native Americans(aOR 1.64)and Asian Pacific Islanders(aOR 1.18)had higher all-cause death risks than whites.CONCLUSION Increasing age and male sex link NAFLD with adverse MACCE outcomes;Native Americans and Asian Pacific Islanders face higher mortality,highlighting a need for tailored interventions and care.

Relationship of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases to Meteorological Conditions and Forecast Method in Nanjing City

[Objective] The study aimed to discuss the relationship of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases to meteorological conditions and forecast method in Nanjing City. [Method] Based on daily cases of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases from a hospital in Nanjing City as well as daily meteorological data from Nanjing Meteorological Station from January 2003 to July 2008, the monthly and seasonal variations in quantity of patients suffedng from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Nanjing City were analyzed firstly, and then the relationship between mete- orological elements and incidence of the diseases was discussed, finally the forecast model for the incidence of the diseases was established using the stepwise regression method. [Result] Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Nanjing City happened all the year round, and the inci- dance was high in the seasonal transition phase from autumn to winter. Daily incidence of the diseases in Nanjing City correlated negatively with dai- ly maximum, minimum and average vapor pressure, daily minimum relative humidity and so forth, but their incidence had positive correlations with diumal range of daily temperature, daily maximum, minimum and average pressure. Daily average number of patients suffering from the diseases obviously correlated with daily average temperature, daily maximum vapor pressure and daily average relative humidity. [ Conclusion] The research could provide scientific references for the prevention and forecast of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in future.

The Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Effects on Cognition in Persons with Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review of the literature is to examine the cerebrovascular and cardiovascular effects on cognition in persons with Parkinson’s disease. Relevance: Physical therapy treatment of persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD) has traditionally focused on lessening the impact of disease severity by improving quality of life and functional capacity. Research has shown that quality of life in persons with PD is not only significantly affected by motor symptoms, but also by the presence of defined non-motor symptoms such as cerebrovascular perfusion, cardiovascular dysfunction, and cognitive impairment. This study seeks to determine a causative effect among these non-motor symptoms with the intention to better manage cognitive impairment in persons with PD. Methods: A literature search was conducted utilizing the following databases: Scopus, PubMed, and CINAHL. After evaluating and grading studies using the Downs and Black Checklist, a total of seven studies remained for the final review. Results: Five common domains of cognition emerged throughout the seven studies: executive function, attention, verbal memory and fluency, visual memory, and working memory. Considering the articles reviewed, a relationship between cerebrovascular and cardiovascular deficiency and cognitive impairment in persons with PD was established. Conclusions: Persons with PD and certain cerebrovascular and cardiovascular risk factors, including orthostatic hypotension and systemic hypertension, should be referred to appropriate professionals for comprehensive neuropsychological testing secondary to an increased risk for more severe cognitive deficit.

Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Prognosis at 5 Years of Patients Who Presented with an Ischemic Stroke at Principal Hospital of Dakar

Aims: To determine the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular prognosis at 5 years of patients who underwent an ischemic stroke in Senegal. Methods: We performed a descriptive, retrospective and exhaustive study conducted at Principal Hospital of Dakar. We included all patients hospitalized at Principal Hospital of Dakar from 2013 to 2019 for an ischemic stroke confirmed by a cerebral CT-Scanner or by magnetic resonance imaging, and who survived the acute phase. Results: Overall, one hundred and seventy-one (171) patients were gathered. Ninety-six (96) male patients account for 56.14% and seventy-five (75) female patients account for 43.86%, with a sex ratio of 1.28. Patients’mean age was 66.33 ±13.99 years. Twenty-one (21) young patients (12.35%), aged less than 50 years, presented with an ischemic stroke. Myocardial infarction was found in a female patient (0.6%) 3 months after she experienced an ischemic stroke, nine (9) patients (5.29%) underwent a recurrence of the ischemic stroke with a mean recurrence period of 8 months and extremes ranging from 1 to 24 months. Five (5) patients (2.92%) developed dementia with a score less than 28. A 30 years old patient presented with epilepsy 12 months after the ischemic stroke accounting for 0.58%. We registered ninety (90) deaths that occurred in a mean period of 24 months ± 9.8 after they presented their ischemic stroke, standing for 52.63% amongst which thirty-five (35) accounting for 39% were female patients and fifty-five patients (55) representing 61% were male patients. Mortality-related factors included: advanced age, past medical history of heart surgery, known as dyslipidemia, physical inactivity, obesity and recurrent ischemic stroke. Conclusion: Long-term prognosis of ischemic stroke remains unclear in Senegal. Therefore, a strategy for primary prevention is highly crucial and it requires the control of risk factors in general and that of high blood pressure in particular.

The Functional Role of Garlic and Bioactive Components in Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Health: What We Do Know

Cardiovascular disease is a complex and multifactorial disease strongly associated with hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, reduced ?brinolysis, increased blood-clotting time and increased platelet aggregation. Among other confounding factors, oxidative damage is a major factor in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The use of garlic in folkloric medicine highlights the potential role in either preventing or delaying cardiovascular disease. Contemporary research reveals how garlic and bioactive components modulate the risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases thus tending towards validating a measure of folkloric claims concerning the functional efficacy of garlic. This review seeks to elucidate contemporary research attempt towards the validation of the role of garlic and bioactive components, mechanisms of action involved and to define its ultimate role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Some contradictory claims exist possibly due to the use of different experimental protocols/formulations/dosages of garlic. Overwhelming commonality of positive cardiovascular and cerebro-vascular responses reside among research studies thus offering compelling evidence in supports of the bene?cial health effects of garlic and components.

Mg alloy cardio-/cerebrovascular scaffolds: Developments and prospects

Vascular scaffolds are one of the important application fields of biodegradable Mg alloys, and related research has been carried out for more than 20 years. In recent years, the application expansion of Mg alloy vascular scaffolds has brought new challenges to the research of related fields. This review focuses on the relevant advances in the field of Mg alloys for both cardio-/cerebrovascular scaffolds. The frequently investigated alloy series for vascular scaffolds were reviewed. The bottleneck of processing of Mg alloy minitubes was elucidated.The idea of functionalized surface modification was also pointed out in this review, and the authors put forward guidelines based on research experience in terms of scaffold structural design and degradation behavior evaluation. Finally, suggestions for further research directions of Mg alloy vascular scaffolds were provided.

Status of Clinical Application of Yufeng Ningxin Preparations and the Meta-Analysis of Its Efficacy and Safety in the Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases

Objective The objective of this study was to analyze the status of the clinical application of Yufeng Ningxin(YFNX)preparations and systematically evaluate their efficacy and safety in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Methods Through searching databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang,SinoMed,VIP,PubMed,Embase,and the Cochrane Library,the literature of clinical research on YFNX preparations in treating malignant tumors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases from the establishment of the databases to February 2021 was collected.The clinical randomized controlled trials and case-control studies of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases treated with these preparations were analyzed.Two reviewers independently screened literature,extracted data,and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies,and meta analysis was performed by using ReMan 5.3 software to analyze the eficacy and safety of YFNX preparations in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Results A total of 29 clinical studies were finally included.The dosage forms were dropping plls,tablets,capsules,and granules.The preparations were used for the treatment of coronary heart disease,hypertension,neuropathic headache,etc.This study systematically evaluated the efficacy and safety of YFNX preparations in the treatment of coronary heart disease,hypertension,and nervous headache.A total of 1,162 cases were included in 13 studies,582 cases of the YFNX preparation group and 580 cases of the Western medicine group.The results of meta-analysis showed that the clinical efficacy of YFNX preparations combined with the Western medicine group in the treatment of coronary heart disease and hypertension,improving electrocardiogram and reducing the frequency and duration of angina attacks,was better than that of the simple Western medicine group,and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion YFNX preparations are effective for coronary heart disease,hypertension,and neuropathic headache,and the adverse reactions are few.

脉血康胶囊(肠溶片)治疗心脑血管疾病临床应用专家共识

脉血康胶囊(肠溶片)治疗心脑血管疾病具有良好的临床疗效及安全性。在临床医生问卷调查和脉血康胶囊(肠溶片)研究文献系统回顾的基础上,采用国际临床医学专家共识研制方法,基于现有最佳证据,充分结合专家经验,遵循“循证为主,共识为辅,经验为鉴”的原则,国内26位中西医临床、药学、方法学等多学科专家共同研制该共识,旨在进一步提高临床医生对该药的认识,更好地指导其临床合理用药。共识采用国际公认的证据分级推荐标准即评估、发展和评价建议的分级(Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation,GRADE分级),如果证据充分则形成“推荐意见”,采用GRADE网格计票规则;如果证据不充分,则形成“共识建议”,采用多数计票规则。共识对脉血康胶囊(肠溶片)用于心脑血管疾病的适应证、用法用量、疗程、禁忌证、合并用药进行了推荐或建议,并完善了安全性信息,为其临床的合理使用提供参考。

应重视心脑血管疾病的外科干预

心脑血管疾病是全球居民死亡的主要原因之一,动脉粥样硬化是其主要病理学改变,常同时累及心血管和脑血管,需神经外科和心血管外科同时手术干预。缺血性心脑血管疾病患者是采取颈动脉内膜切除术联合冠状动脉旁路移植术同期手术还是分期手术(颈动脉内膜切除术后冠状动脉旁路移植术和冠状动脉旁路移植术后颈动脉内膜切除术)尚未形成一致性意见。随着对心脑血管疾病研究的深入、手术技术的改进和血管内介入技术的发展,为外科手术同时干预提供了理论基础和技术支持。

心脑血管疾病的“脑心同治”

动脉粥样硬化是脑血管病和心血管病共同的病理生理学机制,二者为同源性疾病,可共病,这也是“脑心同治”的病理生理学基础。近年随着药物治疗和手术技术改进,“脑心同治”得以实现并提高临床疗效。本文综述“脑心同治”策略,以为心脑血管疾病的治疗提供理论基础和临床指导。

中老年人群颈动脉斑块的预测模型构建及验证

目的通过构建并验证中老年人群颈动脉斑块的预测模型及对应用价值探讨。方法回顾性收集2017—2019年于上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院内分泌科门诊完成颈动脉超声检查患者的临床资料,性别不限,年龄≥45岁。共纳入1416例样本,训练集993例,验证集423例。按照7∶3的比例随机分为训练集和验证集,在训练集中比较颈动脉斑块组与非颈动脉斑块组各临床指标差异,并将特征指标变量采用多因素Logistic回归分析确定颈动脉斑块发生的独立危险素,依次构建中老年人群颈动脉斑块发生风险的可视化列线图模型。通过校准曲线和受试者操作特征曲线(receiver operator characteristic curve,ROC曲线)验证模型的区分度、一致性和准确性,最后采用决策曲线分析法确定模型的临床实用性,并通过外部验证进行评估。结果最终本研究纳入1416例患者,有483例(34.11%)有颈动脉斑块。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、收缩压、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶、糖化血红蛋白是颈动脉斑块发生的危险因素,而相较于男性,女性是颈动脉斑块发生的保护因素。依此构建可视化列线图模型,训练集ROC曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.75(95%CI:0.72~0.78),验证集ROC曲线的AUC为0.71(95%CI:0.66~0.76)。训练集与验证集校准曲线Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验显示P值均>0.05(训练集P=0.7501,验证集P=0.9872)。决策曲线结果显示预测模型在训练集和验证集的阈值概率分别为5%~98%和1%~81%。结论基于指标(性别、年龄、收缩压、谷氨酰转肽酶、糖化血红蛋白),成功建立了中老年人群颈动脉斑块发生风险的预测模型,该模型预测效能较好,可用于社区或者农村等偏远地区居民普查,有助于颈动脉斑块的早期识别,进而改善预后。

HIV/AIDS肺脾气虚证相关心脑血管疾病风险因素探析

目的通过检测血脂四项、血管内皮损伤因子、炎症相关因子,并结合前期的基因芯片结果,初步探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)/艾滋病(AIDS)肺脾气虚证相关心脑血管疾病风险因素及机制,为中医药早期干预心脑血管疾病提供依据。方法2020年9月—2020年11月选取河南省某地区确诊的20例HIV/AIDS肺脾气虚证患者作为研究对象,同地区20例HIV抗体阴性作为健康对照组。检测CD_(3)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)、CD_(8)^(+)计数,并计算CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)比值;检测血脂四项甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C);检测氧化低密度脂蛋白(Ox-LDL)、载脂蛋白A-I(ApoAⅠ)、载脂蛋白A-Ⅱ(ApoAⅡ)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)、锌-α2-糖蛋白1(AZGP1)、可溶性血栓调节蛋白(sTM)、血管性血友病因子(vWF)、脂联素、瘦素(LEP)、超敏C反应蛋白(Hs-CRP)、单核细胞趋化因子1(MCP-1)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)。结果HIV/AIDS肺脾气虚证患者与健康对照组比较CD_(4)^(+)降低,CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)比值倒置,TC降低,sTM、AZGP1、Ox-LDL、Hs-CRP升高。结论HIV/AIDS肺脾气虚证患者存在炎性反应、血脂异常的表现,罹患心脑血管疾病风险增加。为中医药早期干预心脑血管疾病的发生提供新思路。

围透析期主动脉钙化积分对MHD患者长期生存率的预测价值

目的 观察维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者不同主动脉钙化积分(aortic calcification index,ACI)心血管不良事件发生率和死亡情况,探讨围透析期患者的ACI与心血管不良事件及死亡率的关系。方法 选取2014年7月—2018年6月在上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院首次开始透析治疗的维持性血液透析患者,根据初始的ACI结果将患者分成高钙化组(ACI≥10%)和低钙化组(0≤ACI<10%),观察2组患者的长期生存率和不良心脑血管事件发生率。结果 共纳入82例患者,其中73例(89.02%)患者存在不同程度的主动脉钙化表现,高钙化组的患者38例。截至观察结束,共37例(45.1%)患者死亡,其中感染[15例(40.54%)]和心脑血管不良事件[12例(32.43%)]是最主要的死亡原因。多元线性回归显示:年龄较大(β=0.214,95%CI:1.107~1.386,P<0.001)、既往心脑血管病史(β=-0.087,95%CI:0.203~4.128,P=0.039)与高ACI相关。随访至60个月时,低钙化组患者的生存率为78.2%,高钙化组患者的生存率为57.3%,2组比较有统计学差异(OR=0.359,95%CI:0.186~0.694,P=0.002)。单因素(HR=1.024,95%CI:1.003~1.045,P=0.025)和多因素(HR=1.103,95%CI:0.965~1.201,P=0.039)COX分析显示高ACI与透析患者5年死亡风险增加明显相关。多因素COX分析显示高钙化组是透析患者不良心脑血管事件发生(HR=3.935,95%CI:1.427~10.850,P=0.008)和心血管死亡(HR=6.242,95%CI:0.937~41.583,P=0.050)的危险因素。结论 围透析期患者的高主动脉钙化积分与维持性血液透析患者的长期生存率及不良心血管事件相关,需要早期关注慢性肾脏病患者的矿物质骨代谢异常并进行血管钙化监测,早期干预,延长患者透析生存期。

泛血管医学时代“脑心同治”手术与展望

“脑心共病”逐渐受到国内外神经外科和心血管内外科医师的重视,并着手开展“脑心同治”手术互为保障,“泛血管医学”概念提出多学科交叉、跨学科整合的研究模式和发展理念。泛血管医学思想对“脑心同治”手术具有重要指导意义,“脑心同治”手术又使“泛血管医学”概念更加完整与深化。现阶段坚持以动脉粥样硬化性疾病为基础进行手术实施设计,“脑心同治”手术将在未来突破传统的颈动脉与冠状动脉同期手术范畴,过渡到以血管重建为中心的发展方向,从外科手术角度扩大“泛血管医学”概念的内涵。

血液透析患者血清β_(2)微球蛋白水平与死亡率的相关分析

目的探讨维持性血液透析(MHD)患者血清β_(2)微球蛋白(β_(2)-MG)与全因死亡及心脑血管死亡的相关性。方法纳入120例进行MHD的患者,收集患者透析前临床资料和生化检验结果,根据血清β_(2)-MG水平三分位数将患者分为低β_(2)-MG水平组(血清β_(2)-MG<30.0 mg/L,n=40),中等β_(2)-MG水平组(30.0 mg/L<β_(2)-MG<38.8 mg/L,n=40),高β_(2)-MG水平组(血清β_(2)-MG≥38.8 mg/L,n=40)。比较3组患者的基线资料,采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,Cox风险回归模型用于分析死亡率的影响因素。结果3组间体重、BMI、糖尿病史、残余尿量、透析龄、血磷、eGFR比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元逐步线性回归分析显示,MHD患者血清多因素β_(2)-MG与残余尿量呈独立负相关(r=-3.475,P<0.05)。Cox回归分析结果显示,在校正年龄、性别、血清白蛋白、肌酐、eGFR、体重和超滤量等因素后,高水平β_(2)-MG是MHD患者发生死亡(HR=1.039,95%CI:1.003~1.076,P<0.05)与心脑血管疾病死亡的独立危险因素(HR=1.058,95%CI:1.015~1.102,P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,与β_(2)-MG中水平组比较,β_(2)-MG高水平组患者生存率明显降低(HR=0.330,95%CI:0.126~0.861,P<0.05)。结论血清β_(2)-MG是MHD患者死亡的独立预测因素,提示控制血清β_(2)-MG水平可能改善MHD患者的预后。

药物相关基因多态性检测在心脑血管疾病诊疗中的应用

目的探讨药物相关基因检测在临床诊疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2022年2月至2023年8月于南宁市第二人民医院心内科病区、神经内科病区、老年科病区使用氯吡格雷、利尿剂、钙通道拮抗剂、β受体阻滞剂、血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂治疗并进行相关基因检测的7915例住院患者的临床资料。在7915例药物相关基因检测数据中,共检测细胞色素P4503A酶系(CYP3A)5*3、心房利钠肽前体(NPPA)T2238C、β1肾上腺素能受体(ADRB1)G1165C、细胞色素氧化酶P4502D6(CYP2D6)*10、脂肪细胞定向和分化因子1(ADD1)G1378T、细胞色素氧化酶P4502C9(CYP2C9)*3、血管紧张素Ⅱ的1型受体(AGTR1)A1166C、血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)289I/D、细胞色素P4502C19(CYP2C19)*2、CYP2C19*3、CYP2C19*1711个单核苷酸多态性基因。按照6大类药物相关的基因对药物相关基因检测数据进行归纳分析。结果钙通道拮抗剂相关基因CYP3A5/3/NPPAT2238C的基因型组合以AG/TT型、GG/TT型为主。β受体阻滞剂相关基因ADRB1G1165C/CYP2D6*10的基因型组合以CC/TT型、CC/CT型、CG/TT型、CG/CT型为主。利尿剂相关基因ADD1G1378T以GT基因型最多见。血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂检测的基因是CYP2C9*3、AGTR1A1166C,CYP2C9*3/AGTR1A1166C基因型组合以AA/AA和AA/AC多见。血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂相关基因ACE289I/D以ID型和Ⅱ型基因型多见。氯吡格雷用药检测的3个基因为CYP2C19*2、CYP2C19*3、CYP2C19*17,3个不同基因型组合所对应的代谢类型分别是超快代谢型6例、中间代谢型583例、正常代谢型503例、慢代谢型156例。结论药物相关基因检测技术可以从基因水平给出遗传因素与药物效应之间的关系,基因检测对精准用药具有重要价值,可明显降低患者的不良事件发生率,对患者预后具有重要意义。

急性心肌梗死合并肾功能不全患者主要不良心脑血管事件风险预测模型构建

目的应用不同机器学习算法构建急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并肾功能不全患者主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)的风险预测模型。方法选取2014年1月至2019年8月于首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院住院治疗的740例AMI合并肾功能不全患者为研究对象,收集患者一般特征、生命体征、合并症和实验室检查结果等临床资料。采用简单随机抽样法按80%∶20%将研究对象分为训练集(592例)和测试集(148例),采用逻辑回归、随机森林、极限梯度提升(XGBoost)、支持向量机和深度神经网络5种机器学习算法分别构建MACCE的预测模型。采用受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)评估模型的可靠性,选择最优模型。使用Shapley加性解释算法评估特征影响并进行特征选择构建最终模型。结果740例AMI合并肾功能不全患者中有473例(63.9%)发生MACCE。XGBoost模型的AUC最大(AUC=0.862)。在根据特征重要性等级对特征进行减少后,建立了具有5个特征的可解释的最终XGBoost模型。最终的模型可以在内部验证中准确预测MACCE发生(AUC=0.955),其中影响XGBoost模型重要临床特征分别为血尿酸、白蛋白、糖化血清白蛋白,体重和血小板计数。结论基于机器学习算法的5种模型中XGBoost模型预测AMI合并肾功能不全患者发生MACCE效果最佳。