A fine-grained perspective on the robustness of global cargo ship transportation networks

The robustness of cargo ship transportation networks is essential to the stability of the world trade system. The current research mainly focuses on the coarse-grained, holistic cargo ship transportation network while ignoring the structural diversity of different sub-networks. In this paper, we evaluate the robustness of the global cargo ship transportation network based on the most recent Automatic Identification System（AIS） data available. First, we subdivide three typical cargo ship transportation networks（i.e., oil tanker, container ship and bulk carrier） from the original cargo ship transportation network. Then, we design statistical indices based on complex network theory and employ four attack strategies, including random attack and three intentional attacks（i.e., degree-based attack, betweenness-based attack and flux-based attack） to evaluate the robustness of the three typical cargo ship transportation networks. Finally, we compare the integrity of the remaining ports of the network when a small proportion of ports lose their function. The results show that 1） compared with the holistic cargo ship transportation network, the fine-grain-based cargo ship transportation networks can fully reflect the pattern and process of global cargo transportation; 2） different cargo ship networks behave heterogeneously in terms of their robustness, with the container network being the weakest and the bulk carrier network being the strongest; and 3） small-scale intentional attacks may have significant influence on the integrity of the container network but a minor impact on the bulk carrier and oil tanker transportation networks. These conclusions can help improve the decision support capabilities in maritime transportation planning and emergency response and facilitate the establishment of a more reliable maritime transportation system.Abstract： The robustness of cargo ship transportation networks is essential to the stability of the world trade system. The current research mainly focuses on the coarse-grained, holistic cargo ship transportation network while ignoring the structural diversity of different sub-networks. In this paper, we evaluate the robustness of the global cargo ship transporta- tion network based on the most recent Automatic Identification System （AIS） data available. First, we subdivide three typical cargo ship transportation networks （i.e., oil tanker, container ship and bulk carrier） from the original cargo ship transportation network. Then, we design statistical indices based on complex network theory and employ four attack strategies, in- cluding random attack and three intentional attacks （i.e., degree-based attack, between- ness-based attack and flux-based attack） to evaluate the robustness of the three typical cargo ship transportation networks. Finally, we compare the integrity of the remaining ports of the network when a small proportion of ports lose their function. The results show that 1） com- pared with the holistic cargo ship transportation network, the fine-grain-based cargo ship transportation networks can fully reflect the pattern and process of global cargo transportation 2） different cargo ship networks behave heterogeneously in terms of their robustness, with the container network being the weakest and the bulk carrier network being the strongest; and 3） small-scale intentional attacks may have significant influence on the integrity of the con- tainer network but a minor impact on the bulk carrier and oil tanker transportation networks.These conclusions can help improve the decision support capabilities in maritime transportation planning and emergency response and facilitate the establishment of a more reliable maritime transportation system.

Review on the Progress and Issues in Liquid Tank Sloshing of Ships

With the development of large liquid cargo ships,liquid tank sloshing has gradually become a hot research topic in the area of shipping and ocean Engineering.Liquid tank sloshing,characterized by strong nonlinearity and randomness,not only affects the stability of the ship but also generates a huge impact force on the wall of the tank.To further investigate liquid tank sloshing,a comprehensive review is given on the research process of the most focused subjects of liquid sloshing.Summarizing the existing research will help to identify issues in the current field and provide useful references.The methods for investigating sloshing,the research progress and the situations worldwide are discussed.The advantages and defects of experiments and numerical simulations are also explored.The problems which need to be explored in the future are subsequently proposed.

货船破舱稳性概率算法软件（DAMCARGO）

＂ＤＡＭＣＡＲＧＯ＂是适于在微机上运行的供设计人员使用的货船破舱稳性概率算法软件．能计算船舶在部分载重线和最深分舱载重线下各舱段破损后要求的分舱指数Ｒ以及所能达到的分舱指数Ａ．本软件适应性强、人机界面友好、使用灵活、操作方便，可使设计人员容易地准备好输入数据，并在微机上快速而可靠地计算出精度较高的货船破舱稳性．

Scale and scope of maritime cargoes through the Arctic Passages

This paper investigates the sources of goods being shipped through the Arctic passages, and trade generated in the Arc- tic, including oil and gas exploitation. Furthermore, it assesses the present situation for maritime cargo shipped from the Far East to Northwestern Europe and North America. Two main types of cargo are predicted to pass through the Arctic passages in the future. First, about 10 million t of liquefied natural gas will be delivered from Russia and the Nordic Arctic to the Far East by 2030. Second, there will be two-way trade flow of containerized cargo from the Far East to Europe and the United States through the North- east, Central and Northwest Passages. This will relieve pressure on present routes from the Far East to Northwestern Europe and North America. If Arctic navigation is technically possible in all seasons and shipping costs fall to those of ordinary ships, then assuming an equal share of shipping volume with the traditional canal routes, the maximum container freight passing through the Arctic passages by 2030 will be approximately 17.43 million TEUs （Twenty-foot Equivalent Units） per year, which is 85% of the volume transported on traditional canal routes in 2011. We conclude that there will be large-scale gas transportation through the Northeast Passage in the near future, and transit shipping across the Arctic will focus more on container transportation. The differences in shipping costs between Arctic routes and traditional canal routes are also compared.

基于深度学习与规则结合的海运货物邮件命名实体识别

针对海运货物邮件实体识别中存在识别精度不高、实体边界确定困难的问题,提出一种结合深度学习与规则匹配的识别方法。其中:深度学习方法是在BiLSTM-CRF(Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory-Conditional Random Field)模型的基础上添加词的字符级特征,并融入多头注意力机制以捕获邮件文本中长距离依赖;规则匹配方法则根据领域实体特点制定规则来完成识别。根据货物邮件特点将语料进行标注并划分为:货物名称、货物重量、装卸港口、受载期和佣金五个类别。在自建语料中设置多组对比实验,实验表明所提方法在海运货物邮件实体识别的F1值达到79.3%。

全球杂货船事故统计与分析

在经济贸易全球化日益深入、全球航运业蓬勃发展、船舶科技含量突飞猛进、船舶事故却并未明显减少的大背景下,为探究杂货船事故与各影响因素之间的关系,基于全球综合航运信息系统(GISIS)数据库2013—2022年船舶事故统计数据,采用数据检索法并参考相关文献,主要从船型、事故等级、船级社、船舶吨位、事故发生时间以及导致船舶事故的直接原因等方面对杂货船事故进行整理和分析,展现出各主要因素对杂货船事故的影响,以期为航运从业人员决策提供参考。

长江干线武安段6 m水深航道整治工程航运经济效益评估

武安段6 m水深航道整治工程建成后,万吨级江海船舶可常年直达武汉,航运经济效益十分显著。以散杂货为代表船舶,按照有无对比、实际发生原则,基于2018—2022年武安段通航统计数据,科学评估武安段航道货运量和船舶结构,并在此基础上构建航运经济效益定量计算模型,对武安段实施后航运经济效益进行评估。经测算,2022年武安段散杂货船产生的航运经济效益达4.84亿元,超过工程设计阶段的预期目标。研究不仅可用于确定工程主要经济效益指标是否实现,为工程后评估提供重要参考,还有利于指导航道工程项目的投资和管理,为推进相关项目计划和政策优化提供依据。

液体散货码头在泊安全作业智能管控技术

目前国内液体散货码头的泊位安全管控仍依靠人工经验,难以达到全程化、一体化、无人化要求,船舶靠离和在泊作业环节存在诸多风险。随着液体码头专业化、大型化的发展,安全作业管控需要在新概念上采取更为有效的措施。基于波浪的精细化预报,提出一套液体散货码头的智能安全管控技术,对船舶运动进行预测,从而主动避险。提出船舶作业就绪度的概念,并以此对在泊作业各影响因素进行指标赋权,构建其安全评价模型,得到在泊安全判据。结果表明,该技术的应用为船舶安全作业窗口期的决策提供有力的科学依据。

英国利兹大学布劳瑟顿图书馆清代广州贸易新史料的发现——乾隆四十二年《各国夷船入口货总簿》档案校注

乾隆四十二年《各国夷船入口货总簿》为笔者在英国利兹大学布劳瑟顿图书馆发现的清代广州贸易中文档案。现将档案全文与英国东印度公司档案BL:IOR/G/12/62,Imports Canton 1777进行勘比,进而对上述中文档案的有关史料进行考证和笺注。经过比对,笔者推断乾隆四十二年《各国夷船入口货总簿》与英国东印度公司档案中公布的1777年“各欧洲国家进口广州货物记录”均系抄自粤海关的原始数据,二者有共同来源。此外,这份中文档案不仅能完整反映乾隆四十二年广州进口贸易的具体情况,还能为研究西文商品名称的汉译提供绝佳参照。

双燃料集装箱船中货舱典型舱段有限元分析

针对双燃料集装箱船燃油舱布置在水密横舱壁的特点,其存在一系列高应力区域,具有结构硬点的节点设计存在一定难度。基于BV规范要求,对某大型甲醇双燃料集装箱船中货舱船体结构开展舱段有限元计算分析,并进行优化设计;对于较难处理的节点,采用子模型法对重点关注区域进行细网格分析,比较各种优化节点形式对节点受力的改善。

散杂货船载运车辆安全运输监管对策

通过海事执法过程中发现的风险来源,从加强行业管理部门监管等角度,提出散杂货船载运车辆运输海事监管对策,为有效化解散杂货船载运车辆运输风险提供借鉴。

甲板货船的结构设计与运输效率优化研究

针对甲板货船的结构设计与运输效率优化展开深入探讨,主要分析甲板货船的结构特点、关键结构组件和材料、运输效率影响因素的识别以及运输效率优化策略的制定。采用计算机辅助设计技术,通过有限元分析和计算流体动力学进行模拟优化设计,验证仿真结果。研究结果显示,优化后的船体线型和轻量化设计显著提高了航速和燃油效率,运输效率提升了15%,燃油成本降低了12%,维护成本显著减少,整体运营成本降低了约10%,同时确保了船舶的稳定性和安全性,为甲板货船的结构设计与运输效率优化提供了科学依据和实用策略。

新能源运输船货舱火灾风险识别及应用

为在运输过程中提早发现火灾、抑制火灾,避免造成人员财产损失,以某68K纸浆船为例,对货舱火灾识别监测系统进行介绍,并对运输过程中的火灾风险安全因素进行分析。研究成果可为新能源运输船货舱火灾风险识别提供一定参考。

某内河散货浮式码头装船工艺方案研究

以某内河专用散货砂石料出口浮式码头工程为例,对弧形轨道式装船机方案、直线式移动装船机方案、简易直线式移动装船机方案从可行性、经济性、设备优劣性等方面进行综合对比,可为内河散货出口码头装卸工艺设计提供参考。

基于满意度的零担车货配载问题研究

为研究城际型零担货运的车货配载问题,首先,基于车主、货主双方的需求,对车货匹配过程中影响双方匹配满意度的因素进行分析并构建相应的指标体系。接着,在引入效用函数对不同指标下的满意度进行量化的基础上,建立了基于现实约束且以车、货双方匹配满意度最大化为目标的车货配载模型。最后,设计了一种基于车辆载重和容积约束判断以及最优个体选择机制的遗传算法(VCL-GA)来解决配载问题,并进行仿真实验验证其有效性。通过与GA结果和LINGO精确求解结果进行比较验证后得出结论:VCL-GA的综合匹配结果相对较优,且在求解车货配载问题上具有合理性和良好的求解性能。此外,通过对车主、货主双方匹配需求满意度的考量,可以促进供需匹配双方的平衡,所得出的配载方案也更符合双方预期,有利于提高城际型零担货运市场的运输效率和优化资源配置。

基于自适应过滤法的香港地区货运海船交通量预测

为准确预测香港地区货运海船月交通量,建立了基于自适应过滤法的香港地区货运海船交通量预测模型.建模所用的统计数据来源于香港特别行政区海事处网站.首先直接使用自适应过滤法建模,进而使用数据标准化的自适应过滤法建模.比较这两个模型发现,后者的均方差更小、平均相对误差更小,两者预测时间序列与样本时间序列的灰色绝对关联度接近,这意味着后者的离散性、精度均优于前者,预测时间序列与样本时间序列折线的几何相似性与前者接近.因此,用数据标准化的自适应过滤法模型预测了未来8个月香港地区货运海船交通量.

集装箱船货舱成型精度控制

从导轨架制作精度控制、导轨架安装精度控制、横舱壁分段总组精度控制和横舱壁总段合龙精度控制等关键环节进行集装箱船货舱成型精度控制。研发应用高精度检测工装,获取集装箱船货舱成型精度数据,实现高效精准完成吊箱试验的目标。

基于时间序列优化估计算法的散货码头船舶停留轨迹规划方法

为了降低船舶总停留时间,提升散货码头运营效率,提出基于时间序列优化估计算法的船舶停留轨迹规划方法。通过引入时间序列分析方法,构建船舶停留时间预测模型。在此基础上,以最小化船舶总停留时间为目标,构造船舶停留轨迹规划的目标函数,并确定约束条件。选取遗传算法求解目标函数,通过其迭代优化过程,获取最优的船舶停留轨迹规划方案,从而实现船舶停留轨迹的有效规划。试验结果显示:应用时间序列优化估计算法获得的船舶停留轨迹规划模型求解迭代次数最小值为7次,船舶总停留时间降低至28 min。以上结果表明,该方法的船舶停留轨迹规划合理,提升了散货码头运营效率。

深远海多功能原油转驳船全船有限元分析

为实现深远海石油的安全高效运输,开发了具有全新船型的深远海多功能原油转驳船(Cargo Transfer Vessel,CTV)。根据原油转驳船工作海域的环境特点,使用有限元计算软件包Sesam,建立了有限元分析结构模型,采用了等效设计波方法对该类型船只进行频域水动力分析,并对主要负载进行长期预测,然后将波浪载荷施加于结构模型中进行强度校核。通过校核不同工况下原油转驳船的屈服强度、屈曲强度,并基于谱疲劳分析与子模型技术对易于产生疲劳破坏的节点进行疲劳分析,优化了船体设计结构。计算分析结果表明:原油转驳船的设计强度与疲劳寿命均满足DNV的规范要求,载荷下船体结构应力均低于320 MPa,具有足够的承载能力。通过添加水密补板,优化后的舷侧肋位处纵骨过梁孔有效提高了疲劳寿命,对后续系列船的设计与校核具有一定参考价值。

载运件杂货船舶货物区域明火作业火灾风险管理

通过介绍载运件杂货船舶货物区域明火作业的火灾特点,分析引发火情的主要原因,并结合海事工作经历和行业做法,从船舶、明火作业方和海事管理机构三方面入手,提出加强载运件杂货船舶货物区域明火作业火灾风险防范的安全管理建议。