Prevalence and Years Lived with Disability for Dental Caries among Children Aged 0-14 Years in China, 1990-2016

The estimate of dental caries among Chinese children at the microscale level using standard methodology remains unclear. In this study, we assessed and analyzed the disease burden of childhood dental caries in China by extracting data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 （GBD 2016）. In 2016, the number of cases, prevalence, years lived with disability （YLD）, and age-standardized YLD rate of dental caries was 93.0 million, 43.0%, 32,200 person years, and 14.8 per 100,000, respectively. Across 33 provincial units, the disease burden was highest in Hubei （YLD rate 28.6 per 100,000）, lowest in Macao （9.1 per 100,000）, while geographical clustering was not observed. Compared with 1990, the prevalence in 2016 decreased from 46.8% to 43.0%, and the YLD rate decreased from 16.5 per 100,000 to 14.8 per 100,000. Given the slight decrease in dental caries burden, the prevalence and disease burden remained high among Chinese children. Strategies for addressing the spatial inequity of childhood dental caries require geographical targeting.

LncRNA cancer susceptibility 20 regulates the metastasis of human gastric cancer cells via the miR-143-5p/MEMO1 molecular axis

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is considered as one of the most widespread malignancies.Emerging evidence has shown that lncRNAs can function as important oncogenes or tumor suppressors during GC progression.AIM To investigate the effect and mechanism of lncRNA cancer susceptibility 20(CASC20)in the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells.METHODS Data mining and clinical samples were used to evaluate the expression of CASC20 in GC and adjacent tissues.CASC20 was down-regulated in GC cells by shortinterfering RNA.Cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8 assay,and cell migration and invasion were detected by wound healing and Transwell assays.The expressions of proteins related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition were detected by western blot assay.RESULTS The expression of CASC20 was increased in GC tumor tissues and various GC cell lines.High CASC20 expression was correlated with a high risk of lymphatic metastasis and poor prognosis in GC patients.In vitro assays showed that silencing CASC20 reduced cell proliferation,migration,and invasion in GC cells.Mechanistic studies revealed that CASC20 exhibits oncogenic functions by regulating MEMO1 expression through competitive endogenous binding to miR-143-5p,leading to induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that CASC20 serves as a tumor promoter by regulating metastasis in GC via the miR-143-5p/MEMO1 axis.CASC20 may be a potential therapeutic target for GC.

高龋患者变形链球菌葡糖基转移酶基因B-1923位点多态性

目的:探讨变形链球菌葡糖基转移酶(GTF)基因B-1923位点多态性与龋易感性的关系。方法:分别从高龋患者(94株)及无龋人群(59株)后牙特定部位可培养的龈上菌斑中培养、分离并鉴定出变形链球菌血清C型临床分离株153株,提取全菌DNA,经PCR扩增gtfB后,采用限制性内切酶EcoRⅠ进行限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)分析。以GS5作为国际参考株。结果:高龋组和无龋组变形链球菌临床分离株经EcoRⅠ酶切后RFLP酶谱中出现了A型(EcoRⅠ位点存在,与国际参考株GS5一致)和B型(EcoRⅠ位点消失)2种基因型。A型菌株在高龋人群中检出的比例为67%(63/94),高于无龋人群的36%(21/59);而B型菌株在无龋人群中检出的比例为64%(38/59),高于高龋人群的33%(31/94)(χ2=14.460,P<0.001)。携带A型基因的人群高龋患病的风险增加,OR及95%CI为3.677(1.854～7.293)。结论:变形链球菌(血清C型)临床分离株gtfB-1923位点多态现象与龋易感性可能有一定关系。

Cariostat龋易感检测预测学龄前儿童新发龋病风险的价值

目的探讨Cariostat龋易感检测预测学龄前儿童新发龋病风险的价值。方法选取2019年3月至2020年6月于北京市门头沟区妇幼保健院行口腔检查的1480名学龄前儿童作为研究对象。所有儿童均行Cariostat龋易感检测,并根据龋态值分为龋态值低风险组(n=622)、龋态值中风险组(n=330)、龋态值高风险组(n=528)。统计1480名儿童2020年患龋率,比较不同性别儿童2020年患龋情况[患龋率及龋坏牙数(dt)、因龋缺失牙数(mt)、因龋充填牙数(ft)、龋失补牙数(dmft)]、不同龋态值组2020年患龋情况、不同龋态值组2020年新发患龋率及新增dmft,分析Cariostat龋易感检测预测学龄前儿童新发龋病风险的价值及一致性。结果1480名受检儿童中,检出龋病1012名,患龋率为68.4%;不同性别儿童患龋率及dt、mt、ft、dmft比较差异均无统计学意义。龋态值高风险组患龋率、dt、ft、dmft均高于龋态值中、低风险组,且龋态值中风险组高于龋态值低风险组(P<0.05)。龋态值高风险组新发患龋率及新增dmft均高于龋态值中、低风险组,且龋态值中风险组高于龋态值低风险组(P<0.05)。Cariostat龋易感检测预测新发龋病风险的灵敏度为74.2%,特异度为84.6%,准确率为80.5%,Kappa值为0.590。结论学龄前儿童龋病发生率较高,采用Cariostat龋易感检测技术预测学龄前儿童新发龋病风险具有重要临床价值。

Association of TNF-α-238G/A and 308 G/A Gene Polymorphisms with Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Patients with Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis

Objectives Tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） may play an important role in host＇s immune response to mycobacterium tuberculosis （M. tuberculosis） infection. This study was to investigate the association of TNF-α gene polymorphism with pulmonary tuberculosis （TB） among patients with coal worker＇s pneumoconiosis （CWP）. Methods A case-control study was conducted in 113 patients with confirmed CWP complicated with pulmonary TB and 113 non-TB controls with CWP. They were matched in gender, age, job, and stage of pneumoconiosis. All participants were interviewed with questionnaires and their blood specimens were collected for genetic determination with informed consent. The TNF-α gene polymorphism was determined with polymerase chain reaction of restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP）. Frequency of genotypes was assessed for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by chi-square test or Fisher＇s exact probability. Factors influencing the association of individual susceptibility with pulmonary TB were evaluated with logistic regression analysis. Gene-environment interaction was evaluated by a multiplieative model with combined OR. All data were analyzed using SAS version 8.2 software. Results No significant difference in frequency of the TNF-α-308 genotype was found between CWP complicated with pulmonary TB and non-TB controls （2,2=5.44, P=-0.07）. But difference in frequency of the TNF-α-308 A allele was identified between them （2,2-5.14, P=0.02）. No significant difference in frequencies of the TNF-α-238 genotype and allele （P=0.23 and P=0.09, respectively） was found between cases and controls either, with combined （GG and AA） OR of 3.96 （95% confidence interval of 1.30-12.09） at the -308 locus of the TNF-α gene, as compared to combination of the TNF-α-238 GG and TNF-α-308 GG genotypes. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of the TNF-α-238 GG and TNF-α-308 GA genotypes was 1.98 （95% CI of 1.06-3.71） for risk for pulmonary TB in patients with CWP. There was a synergic interaction between the TNF-a-308 GG genotype and body mass index （OR=4.92）, as well as an interaction between the TNF-α-308 GG genotype and history of BCG immunization or history of TB exposure. And, the interaction of the TNF-α-238 GG genotype and history of BCG immunization or TB exposure with risk for pulmonary TB in them was also indicated. Conclusions TNF-α-308 A allele is associated with an elevated risk for pulmonary TB, whereas TNF-α-238 A allele was otherwise.

Association of promoter polymorphism of the CD14 C (-159) T endotoxin receptor gene with chronic hepatitis B

AIM: To investigate whether single-nucleotide polymor- phisms in the promoter regions of endotoxin-responsive genes CD14 C (-159) T is associated with chronic hepatitis B. METHODS: We obtained genomic DNA from 80 patients with established diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B and 126 healthy subjects served as a control population. The CD 14 C (-159) T polymorphism was investigated using an allele specific PCR method. RESULTS: Twenty seven percent of chronic hepatitis B patients and 75% of controls were heterozygous for CT genotype. The difference between the chronic hepatitis B and control groups was statistically significant [P < 0.0001; Odds ratio (OR) = 2.887; 95% CI: 1.609-5.178]. Twenty four point six percent of chronic hepatitis B and patients 12.3% of the control group were heterozygous for TT genotype. The difference between groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.256; OR = 0.658; 95% CI: 0.319-1.358). Forty eight point four percent of chronic hepatitis B patients and 12.7% of control were homozy- gote for CC genotype (P < 0.004; OR = 0.416; 95% CI: 0.229-0.755). The frequency of allele C was 61.9% and allele T was 38.1% in hepatitis B patients group. The frequency of allele C was 55.2% and allele T was 44.8% for the control group (P = 0.179; OR = 1.319; 95% CI: 0.881-1.977). CONCLUSION: The TT heterozygous genotype was not a risk factor for chronic hepatitis B. CC homozygote genotype is protective for hepatitis B. Lack of heterozy- gosis of genotype CT is a risk factor for chronic hepatitis B. Alleles C or T were not risk factors for chronic hepatitis B. These findings show the role of a single-nucleotide polymorphism at CD14/-159 on the development ofchronic hepatitis B. Endotoxin susceptibility may play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B.

Big Third-order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Two Poly[(3-alkylthiophene-2, 5-diyl)-(benzylidenequinomethane-2, 5-diyl)] Derivatives

Two novel poly[(3-alkylthiophene-2,5-diyl)-(benzylidenequinomethane-2,5-diyl)s] derivatives, poly[ (3-butylthiophene-2,5-diyl)-( p-N,N-dimethylamino) benzylidenequinomethane-2,5-diyl) ] ( PBTDMABQ) and poly [( 3-octylthiophene2,5-diyl) -(p-N, N-dimethylamino ) benzylidenequinomethane-2, 5-diyl)] (POTDMABQ), were synthesized.The band gaps of the two polymers are calculated as 1. 75 eV for PBTDMABQ and 1. 69 eV for POTDMABQ,respectively. The homogenous films of the two polymers were prepared and their third-ordernonlinear optical properties were studied by the backward degenerate four-wave mixing at 532 nm. Byusing the relative measurement technique, the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities ofPBTDMABQ and POTDMABQ are calculated as 5. 62 X 10^(-9) and 1. 22 X 10^(-8) ESU, respectively. It isfound that substituted alky groups have strong effects on the band gap and nonlinear opticalproperties of the two polymers. The relatively big third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilitiesand small band gap of POTDMABQ resulted mainly from the longer alkyl with strong electron-donatingability can enhance the delocation degree of conjugated π electronics.

Cariostat 龋易感检测技术在儿童龋病风险评估中的效果分析

目的:分析Cariostat龋易感检测技术在儿童龋病患病风险评估中的应用效果。方法:选取2021年1月-2022年3月于湖南省株洲市妇幼保健院行口腔检查的儿童1000例为观察对象,低龋态值组420例儿童,中龋态值组223例儿童,高龋态值组357例儿童均予口腔健康检查、Cariostat龋易感检测技术,连续随访1年,记录儿童龋病发生情况。结果:不同性别儿童患龋率、龋坏牙数(dt)、因龋充填牙数(ft)、龋失补牙数(dmft)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。高龋态值组患龋率、dt、ft、dmft高于中龋态值组、低龋态值组,且中龋态值组高于低龋态值组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高龋态值组新发患龋率、新增dmft高于中龋态值组、低龋态值组,且中龋态值组高于低龋态值组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Cariostat龋易感检测技术,预测儿童新发龋齿灵敏度、特异度、准确度各为73.89%、83.95%、80.10%,Kappa值为0.592,为中等一致性。结论:在儿童龋病患病风险评估中,应用Cariostat龋易感检测技术,效果优良,能筛选出龋齿高危易感儿童,对无龋儿童患龋风险给予有效合理评估。

变形链球菌体外耐酸能力的实验研究

目的 :探讨来自不同龋敏感者变形链球菌 (血清型c)临床分离株耐酸能力的差异。方法 :配制相同浓度的各变形链球菌临床分离株菌悬液 ,分别在不同pH浓度 (pH 4 .0～ 7.0 )的TPY液体培养基中培养相同时间后 ,用紫外分光光度计测定吸光度 ,比较细菌的生长情况。结果 :同一个体所带不同基因型变形链球菌菌株耐酸能力具有差异 ;高龋组个体定植的耐酸能力强的菌株所占比例显著高于无龋组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :高龋组变形链球菌 (血清型c)临床株的高致龋力与其耐酸能力强密切相关。

不同龋敏感者变异链球菌临床分离株的致龋特性

目的探讨不同龋敏感者变异链球菌临床分离株的生物膜形成和产酸能力。方法牙菌斑组织取自60例学龄前儿童,根据乳牙龋失补牙面(dmfs)指数分为无龋组(dmfs=0)和高龋组(dmfs>8)(n=30)。运用死菌/活菌荧光染色技术结合激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察分析,计算菌斑组织中变异链球菌分离株的生物膜厚度和细菌密度;酸度计测定培养48 h后的pH值;比较不同龋敏感组变异链球菌的生物膜形成和产酸能力。结果高龋组变异链球菌临床分离株的生物膜厚度和细菌分布密度显著高于无龋组(P<0.05)。初始pH值>5.5时,高龋组和无龋组pH值改变无显著性差异;pH=5.0时,高龋组pH值改变明显大于无龋组(P<0.05)。结论高龋组变异链球菌临床分离株的高致龋力与其较强的生物膜形成能力和产酸能力密切相关。

实时PCR技术在龋易感儿童牙菌斑致龋菌定量检测中的应用

目的 建立定量检测致龋菌的快速、敏感、特异的方法。分析牙菌斑中主要致龋菌数量与乳牙龋失补牙面（dmfs）指数的关系。方法 牙菌斑组织取自45例学龄前儿童，其中无龋（drnfs=0）、中龋（dmfs=4—6）和高龋（dmfs〉8）组各15例。应用SYBR Green I模式的实时PCR技术，对各组儿童牙菌斑中4种主要致龋菌（变异链球菌、远缘链球菌、黏性放线菌和内氏放线菌）进行定量检测，并计算各致龋菌所占总菌的比例。对各组所获数据进行统计学分析。结果 高龋组中4种致龋菌所占总菌的比例均高于无龋组（P〈0．01），其中变异链球菌和远缘链球菌的数量之和所占总菌的比例与dmfs指数具有良好的线性关系。结论 实时PCR技术可作为一种细菌定量检测方法，应用于致龋菌的定量分析和龋齿活跃件的评估。

菌斑原位pH在判断个体龋易感性中的作用

口内牙齿表面菌斑的原位pH既能反映细菌代谢产酸的能力,也反映局部环境缓冲和转运酸的能力。本研究使用钯-微触电极测量龋活跃者(CA)和无龋者(CF)在用10％蔗糖溶液漱口前后菌斑的原位pH,以评价原位pH测定在判断个体龋易感性中的作用。结果表明,龋活跃组菌斑pH在漱糖前后各时间点均较无龋组低;龋活跃组与无龋组在漱糖后菌斑下降的最低pH相近,但龋活跃组菌斑pH回升速度慢,导致低pH水平持续时间长。上颌牙菌斑pH水平较下颌牙菌斑pH水平低,而左右侧牙菌斑pH水平大致相同,提示唾液在维持菌斑pH水平中的主导作用。

不同年龄人牙釉质对龋敏感性研究

采用细菌培养人工龋实验技术比较了青少年牙釉质和老年人牙釉质对龋病的敏感性。结果表明老年人牙釉质比青少年牙釉质薄，但脱矿改变是相似的。因此，可以认为老年人牙釉质与青少年牙釉质对龋病的敏感性无明显的差异。

不同龋敏感儿童变形链球菌临床分离株产酸、耐酸能力的实验研究

目的:比较不同龋敏感儿童口腔中变形链球菌的临床分离株产酸和耐酸能力的差异。方法:以高龋、中龋和无龋儿童口腔中分离得到的变形链球菌为实验菌株,常规复苏、增菌,配制相同密度的菌悬液,加入含5%蔗糖、不同pH值(以0.5为间隔,pH4.0～7.0)的BHI液体培养基中厌氧(80%N2、10%H2、10%CO2)培养48 h后,采用pHS-3C型精密酸度计,测定培养物上清的终末pH值,比较细菌的产酸能力(△pH);将相同菌液浓度的变形链球菌临床分离株菌悬液分别在不同pH(以0.5为间隔,pH4.0～7.0)的BHI液体培养基中培养48 h后,用紫外分光光度计测定540 nm处吸光度,比较细菌的生长情况。结果:儿童高、中龋患者口腔中分离出的变形链球菌临床分离株以及国际标准菌株的产酸和耐酸能力明显高于无龋者口腔中分离出的变形链球菌,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:高龋儿童口腔中变形链球菌临床分离株具有高致龋性。

青岛地区低龄儿童龋相关易感因素分析

目的分析研究低龄儿童龋（ECC）易感因素,以便筛检ECC高危人群,对高危人群进行有针对性的预防指导。方法于青岛市选取36~78个月儿童196名,进行问卷调查和口腔检查,记录龋失补牙数,比较不同患龋状况儿童家庭口腔卫生行为的差异,筛选出与ECC有关的危险因素。结果 196名儿童均完成问卷调查和口腔检查。进甜食或喝甜饮料频率、刷牙后睡前进甜食或喝甜饮料频率、儿童开始刷牙年龄、刷牙频率、父母是否帮助刷牙、父母文化程度、父母口腔健康知识和态度、家庭经济收入在无龋组、低龋组和高龋组3组儿童间差异有显著性（χ2=6.145~14.174,P〈0.05）;而出生、喂养、看护情况,母亲孕期身体情况,是否含奶嘴入睡,刷牙时间,每日餐后漱口频率以及是否用含氟牙膏3组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论高频率摄入甜食甜饮料、不正确的刷牙方法、开始刷牙年龄较晚以及刷牙次数较少是ECC发生的易感因素;加强对父母等人群口腔健康知识的教育宣传,进行正确的刷牙指导,限制甜食摄入频率和方式对预防ECC极为重要。

刃天青纸片法对龋易感儿童的应用评价

目的:评价刃天青纸片法(resazurin disctest,RD test)对龋易感儿童的临床应用价值。方法:采用整群抽样调查方法,对百色市4所幼儿园338名5岁儿童进行RD实验检测及患龋状况(龋失补牙数,dm-ft)检查,将测试结果(CAT值)与患龋状况(dmft)进行相关分析。以dmft检查结果为标准,dmf≥8为龋易感者,dmft<8为龋不易感者,计算刃天青纸片法的敏感度、特异度、可信度。结果:龋活跃性(CAT值)与患龋状况(dmft)呈正相关关系。RD试验的敏感性为53.2%,特异性为64.5%,可信度为60.4%。结论:刃天青纸片法对龋易感者的筛选有一定的临床应用价值,其敏感性和特异性有限,应将RD试验结果与龋病的相关因素加以考虑,才能更好地进行龋易感儿童的筛选和监控龋病的发生、发展。

不同龋敏感人群唾液蛋白的研究

分别收集患龋人群（ＤＦＳ≥６）１８例和无龋人群２２例腮腺唾液，经Ｌｏｗｒｙ法测定，两组人群腮腺唾液蛋白总量无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）．采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析唾液蛋白的组成，发现两组人群唾液蛋白组成不同，碱性电泳Ｂ５、Ｂ６、Ｂ７蛋白带在高龋组的出现率显著高于无龋组（Ｐ＜０．０５），且Ｂ５、Ｂ６对羟磷灰石有很强的吸附力，提示该蛋白在龋病发生中起着重要的作用。

河北省5岁人群乳牙龋病抽样调查报告

目的了解河北省5岁人群乳牙龋病状况.为河北省口腔卫生保健工作提供信息支持。方法采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法,抽取河北省5岁城乡常住人口720例,男女各半。按照《第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案》中临床检查牙列状况的检查方法和标准,使用社区牙周指数探针检查全口乳牙牙冠龋病情况。计算出患龋率、龋均。结果 5岁组人群乳牙患龋率为69.1%、龋均为3.3。龋齿充填率为3.4%。龋均和患龋率在城乡无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 5岁儿童乳牙龋齿较严重,96.6%龋齿未经治疗,是龋病预防的重点人群。

不同龋敏感者口腔变形链球菌基因型与产酸性之间的关系

目的：研究不同龋敏感者口腔变形链球菌基因型与产酸性的关系．方法：①随机选取50例24—32岁的高龋、中龋及无龋者，取牙面菌斑样本接种于MS培养基上，每人随机挑取2—5株临床分离株，提取细菌染色体DNA，采用AP—PCR法对不同龋敏感者口腔变形链球菌临床分离株进行基因分型．②以pH0．5为间隔配制pH4．0～7．0系列的，含50mg／L葡萄糖的MS液体培养基，对不同基因型口腔变形链球菌临床分离株进行厌氧培养48h，用精密pH计检测培养基上清液的pH值．结果：①14例高龋个体中有3例为1种基因型，5例有2种基因型，6例有3种基因型；9例中龋个体中有4例为一种基因型，3例有2种基因型，2例有3种基因型；13例无龋个体中有12例为1种基因型，1例有2种基因型．②不同基因型的变形链球菌培养基上清液的pH值进行统计学分析，发现基因型越多的细菌其产酸能力越强．结论：①龋敏感越高的个体其口腔变形链球菌临床分离株基因型越多；②不同基因型的变形链球菌pH值的检测，基因型越多的细菌其产酸能力越强．

不同龋敏感儿童口腔不同基因型变异链球菌临床分离株在不同pH条件下产生GTF能力的比较研究

目的:探讨不同龋敏感儿童口腔变异链球菌不同基因型菌株在不同pH条件下产生GTF的能力。方法:从不同龋敏感儿童口腔变异链球菌中选取66株临床分离株,常规复苏、增菌并配制相同密度的菌悬液后,接种于不同pH值(以0.5为间隔,pH 5.0～7.0)的含2.5 g/L葡萄糖和0.05%Tween 80的TYC培养基中厌氧培养18 h;采用Somogyi法测定还原糖含量,计算酶活性。结果:在同一pH条件下,不同龋敏感儿童口腔变链菌GTF活性的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),龋敏感性越高,GTF活性越大;同一龋敏感儿童口腔变链菌不同基因型菌株GTF活性的差异也具有统计学意义(P<0.05),GTF活性随基因型的增加而增加;当pH 5.5时,高龋、中龋儿童携带一种基因型菌株GTF活性显著下降(P<0.05)。结论:不同龋敏感儿童口腔变异链球菌不同基因型菌株在不同pH条件下GTF活性不同,携带基因型越多的菌株GTF活性越高。