Ultrafast pulse wave velocity technique for evaluating changes of carotid artery elasticity in Hashimoto thyroiditis patients with euthyroidism

Objective To explore the value of ultrafast pulse wave velocity(UFPWV)technique for evaluating changes of carotid artery elasticity in Hashimoto thyroiditis(HT)patients with euthyroidism.Methods Conventional ultrasound and UFPWV for carotid artery were prospectively performed in 91 HT patients with euthyroidism(HT group)and 81 healthy subjects(control group).Clinical data and ultrasonic parameters were compared between groups.Spearman correlation analysis was performed to observe the correlations of carotid pulse wave velocity in end of systole(PWV-ES)with clinical indexes and other ultrasonic parameters in HT group.Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis was used to screen the independent impact factors of increased carotid PWV-ES in HT group.Results Significant differences of thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb),thyroglobulin antibody(TgAb),total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)were found between groups(all P<0.05).The carotid PWV-ES in HT group was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05),while no significant difference of carotid artery intima-media thickness(CIMT)nor carotid pulse wave velocity in beginning of systole(PWV-BS)was found between groups(both P>0.05).Carotid PWV-ES in HT group was positively correlated with patients'age,body mass index,TPOAb,TC,triglyceride,NLR and CIMT(r=0.217—0.707,all P<0.05).Patients'age,TPOAb and NLR were all independent impact factors of increased carotid PWV-ES in HT patients with euthyroidism(all P<0.05).Conclusion UFPWV technique could be used to evaluate changes of carotid artery elasticity in HT patients with euthyroidism,among which PWV-ES was relatively sensitive.

Intravascular ultrasonography assisted carotid artery stenting for treatment of carotid stenosis: Two case reports

BACKGROUND Digital subtraction angiography(DSA),the gold standard of cerebrovascular disease diagnosis,is limited in its diagnostic ability to evaluate arterial diameter.Intravascular ultrasonography(IVUS)has advantages in assessing stenosis and plaque nature and improves the evaluation and effectiveness of carotid artery sten-ting(CAS).CASE SUMMARY Case 1:A 65-year-old man presented with a five-year history of bilateral lower limb weakness due to stroke.Physical examination showed decreased strength(5-/5)in both lower limbs.Carotid artery ultrasound,magnetic resonance angiography,and computed tomography angiography(CTA)showed a right proximal internal carotid artery(ICA)stenosis(70%-99%),acute cerebral infarction,and severe right ICA stenosis,respectively.We performed IVUS-assisted CAS to measure the stenosis and detected a low-risk plaque at the site of stenosis prior to stent implantation.Post-stent balloon dilatation was performed and postoperative IVUS demonstrated successful expansion and adherence.CTA six months postoperatively showed no significant increase in in-stent stenosis.Case 2:A 36-year-old man was admitted with a right common carotid artery(CCA)dissection detected by ultrasound.Physical examination showed no positive neurological signs.Carotid ultrasound and CTA showed lumen dilation in the proximal CCA with an intima-like structure and bulging in the proximal segment of the right CCA with strip-like low-density shadow(dissection or carotid web).IVUS-assisted DSA confirmed right CCA dissection.CAS was performed and intraoperative IVUS suggested a large residual false lumen.Post-stent balloon dilatation was performed reducing the false lumen.DSA three months postoperatively indicated good stent expansion with mild stenosis.CONCLUSION IVUS aids decision-making during CAS by accurately assessing carotid artery wall lesions and plaque nature preoperatively,dissection and stenosis morphology intraoperatively,and visualizing and confirming CAS postoperatively.

Evaluation of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque Stability with Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography

This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between carotid atherosclerotic plaque stability and the clinical symptoms in patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques by using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Fifty patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques were enrolled and examined with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. The correlation of contrast agent enhancement of the carotid atherosclerotic plaques and the clinical symptoms was analyzed. The results showed that among the 50 patients, plaques were enhanced in the 23 patients with obvious clinical symptoms. In 27 patients without apparent clinical symptoms, plaques were enhanced sparsely in 15 patients and not enhanced in 12 patients. It was suggested that contrast-enhanced ultrasonography could be used for the examination of the microcirculation in carotid atherosclerotic plaques on real-time basis and serve as a new noninvasive approach for the assessment of stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaques.

Association between Fundus Atherosclerosis and Carotid Arterial Atherosclerosis

Objective: To investigate the correlation between fundus atherosclerosis and carotid arterial atherosclerosis. Methods: A total of 516 people undergoing physical examination in Deyang People’s Hospital between June 2020 and December 2022 were randomly selected. Fundus atherosclerosis and carotid arterial atherosclerosis were evaluated by fundus photography and carotid artery ultrasonography, respectively. Results: Among the 516 physical examination patients, 198 (38.4%) had normal fundus examination, and 318 (61.6%) had fundus arteriosclerosis. Among them, 166 cases were of grade I (32.2%), 86 cases were of grade II (16.7%), and 66 cases were of grade III (12.8%). There were 286 cases (55.4%) without carotid atherosclerosis, 201 cases (38.9%) with carotid atherosclerotic plaque, and 33 cases (6.4%) with carotid stenosis. Fundus arteriosclerosis is independently associated with carotid artery intima-media thickness, vulnerable plaques, plaque scores, and carotid artery stenosis (P Conclusion: In summary, there is a close relationship between carotid artery disease and the degree of arteriosclerosis in the eyeground. Fundus photography is a simple, non-invasive, and easily acceptable method of inspection. The results obtained from it are useful in determining the severity of carotid atherosclerosis and guiding early detection and intervention in clinical cases. This can help reduce the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Hemodynamic evaluation of contralateral vertebral artery in patients with subclavian steal syndrome by carotid ultrasound

Objective:To investigate the ultrasonographic characteristics of the hemodynamic changes of the contralateral vertebral artery(VA)in patients with different types of subclavian steal syndrome(SSS).Methods:A total of 152 cases of SSS diagnosed by carotid Doppler ultrasonography(CDU)and confirmed by CT angiography(CTA)were enrolled as the study group.The 152 cases of SSS were divided into type Ⅰ(47 cases of occult steal blood),type Ⅱ(60 cases of partial steal blood)and type Ⅲ(45 cases of complete steal blood).Meanwhile,46 cases of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were excluded from the health examination center as the control group.The diameter and hemodynamic changes of VA in healthy side of patients with different types of steal blood were analyzed and compared with the control group.Results:The hemodynamic parameters of VA on the contralateral side of three types of SSS in the study group were compared with those in the control group,there was no significant difference between type Ⅰ and the control group(P>0.05),and there was significant difference between type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ and the control group(P<0.05);The diameter and hemodynamic parameters of VA increased with the severity of steal blood(P<0.05).Conclusion:CDU examination of VA hemodynamic parameters in healthy side of SSS patients can be used to preliminarily evaluate SA lesions and VA-VA steal pathway.

Assessment of neovascularization within carotid plaques in patients with ischemic stroke

AIM:To assess neovascularization within human ca-rotid atherosclerotic soft plaques in patients with isch-emic stroke.METHODS:Eighty-one patients with ischemic stroke and 95 patients without stroke who had soft athero-sclerotic plaques in the internal carotid artery were studied.The thickest soft plaque in each patient was examined using contrast-enhanced ultrasound.Time-intensity curves were collected from 5 s to 3 min after contrast injection.The neovascularization within the plaques in the internal carotid artery was evaluated using the ACQ software built into the scanner by 2 of the experienced investigators who were blinded to the clinical history of the patients.RESULTS:Ischemic stroke was present in 7 of 33 patients(21%) with grade Ⅰ plaque,in 14 of 51 pa-tients(28%) with grade Ⅱ plaque,in 26 of 43 patients(61%) with grade Ⅲ plaque,and in 34 of 49 patients(69%) with grade Ⅳ plaque(P < 0.001 comparing grade Ⅳ plaque with grade I plaque and with grade Ⅱ plaque and P = 0.001 comparing grade Ⅲ plaque with grade Ⅰ plaque and with grade Ⅱ plaque).Analysis of the time intensity curves revealed that patients with ischemic stroke had a significantly higher intensity of enhancement(IE) than those without ischemic stroke(P < 0.01).The wash-in time(WT) of plaque was signifi-cantly shorter in stroke patients(P < 0.05).The sensi-tivity and specificity for IE in the plaque were 82% and 80%,respectively,and for WT were 68% and 74%,respectively.There was no significant difference in the peak intensity or time to peak between the 2 groups.CONCLUSION:This study shows that the higher the grade of plaque enhancement,the higher the risk of ischemic stroke.The data suggest that the presence of neovascularization is a marker for unstable plaque.

Significance of ultrasound evaluation of carotid atherosclerotic plaque for diagnosing ischemic cerebrovascular disease

BACKGROUND： Carotid artery is the main source for craniocerebral blood supply. Its intimal plaque formation and arterial stenosis degree both are the risk factors for ischemic cerebrovascular disease.Therefore, the close relationship of carotid atherosclerotic plaque and ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and ultrasound evaluation of carotid atherosclerotic plaque have become the hot spot in studying ischemic cerebrovascular disease.OBJECTIVE： This study was to detect the degree of carotid atherosclerosis of ischemic cerebrovascular disease patients by ultrasonography, and to analyze the situation of carotid atherosclerosis and its relationship with clinic.DESIGN： Clinical randomized concurrent control experiment.SETTING： Lintong Convalescent Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS： Totally 60 outpatients and inpatients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease, 42 males and 18 females, admitted to Lintong Convalescent Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA between January 2006 and December 2006 were involved in the patient group. They met the diagnosis criteria of ischemic cerebrovascular disease constituted by the 4th Cerebrovascular Disease Conference in 1996, and were confirmed to suffer from ischemic cerebrovascular disease by skull CT and MRI. Another 20 subjects who received healthy examination concurrently in the same hospital, 12 males and 8 females, were involved in the control group. Informed consents of detected items were obtained from involved subjects.METHODS： The plaque thickness of mid portion, distal end and crotch of common carotid artery （CCA）,internal carotid artery （ICA）, external carotid artery （ECA） and vertebral artery （VA） of involved subjects,who received health examination was separately detected with color Doppler ultrasonograph （HDI-5000）.Then, total integral of plaque was calculated. The intima-media thickness （IMT） was measured with two-dimensional ultrasonography. The inner diameter stenosis degree of subjects who had plaque was measured. Blood flow parameters were recorded, and stenosis degree and plaque area were calculated. Blood flow volume of bilateral carotid artery and VA was separately measured with ultrasound equipment software,and brain blood flow volume was calculated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Atherosclerotic degree and blood flow volume of patients of two groups.RESULTS： Sixty patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease and twenty subjects who received health examination participated in the final analysis. ①The IMT thickness, total plaque score, and total plaque area of patient group was significantly superior to that of control group, respectively（ t=5.216 - 10.158, P 〈 0.05 ）.② There were significant differences in the stenosis degree of CCA, ICA and VA between patient group and control group （t=6.720 - 12.816, P 〈 0.05 ） . ③ The blood flow volume of CCA, ICA, VA and brain of patient group was significantly lower than that of control group, respectively （t=2.872 - 10.860, P 〈 0.05）.CONCLUSION： Ischemic cerebrovascular disease patients have different degrees of changes in atherosclerosis and arterial blood flow.

Evaluate the correlation between stenotic lesions of vertebral artery and posterior circulation ischemia

Objective:To investigate the correlation between severe stenosis or occlusion of vertebral artery(VA)and posterior circulation ischemia(PCI).Methods:A retrospective study of 408 patients with severe stenosis or occlusion of the V1-V4 segment with unilateral VA was confirmed by cervical vascular ultrasound(CDU),CT angiography(CTA),and/or DSA.According to the severe stenosis or occlusion lesions,the patients were divided into V1 segment lesion group(267 cases),V2 segment disease group(40 cases),and V3-V4 segment disease group(101 cases).Depending on whether there were symptoms of posterior circulation ischemia,408 patients were divided into symptom group(195 cases)and asymptomatic group(213 cases).CDU test recorded and analyzed hemodynamic parameters:systolic peak flow rate(PSV),end diastolic flow rate(EDV),resistance index(RI),VA tube diameter(VAD).Meantime,we had assessmented the correlation between severe stenosis or occlusion of VA and PCI.Results:1.Compariing the lesion sites in affected and healthy sides of VA,there were significant differences in PSV,EDV and VAD(p=0.000).There was no significant difference in intervertebral RI when V2 was severe stenosis(p=0.762).2.When the severely stenosis or occlusion happend in V1 or V3-V4 segment,the blood flow spectrum of the affected side was significantly different from the healthy side.3.The stenosis sexual lesion of V1 and V2 had no significant correlation with PCI symptoms(dependency coefficient was 1.06,p=0.053;0.123,p=0.323);and V3-V4 stenosis sexual lesions were moderately associated with PCI symptoms(dependency coefficient=0.217,p=0.027).Conclusions:Severe stenosis or occlusion of V3-V4 segment is likely to appear PCI.CDU can effectively diagnose lesion of VA's evere stenosis or occlusion,which provides a reliable basis of timely clinical treatment and evaluation.

早发型2型糖尿病患者子女颈动脉全息血管硬度及影响因素分析

目的评估早发型2型糖尿病患者子女颈动脉弹性功能,并分析影响其弹性的因素。资料与方法前瞻性分析2020年10月—2021年8月河南省人民医院2型糖尿病患者子女63例,根据其父母糖尿病发病年龄(<40岁为早发型,≥40岁为晚发型)分为父母早发糖尿病子女组(早发组,32例)和父母晚发糖尿病子女组(晚发组,31例)。同期选择32例年龄、性别及体重指数相匹配的健康志愿者作为对照组。应用全息血管内-中膜厚度测量和全息血管硬度分析技术测量受试者颈总动脉内-中膜厚度、血管壁位移、血管收缩期管径、硬度指数和脉搏波传导速度,比较上述参数的组间差异。结果早发组颈动脉内-中膜厚度、脉搏波传导速度、硬度指数高于晚发组及对照组(t=0.054~1.228,P均<0.05),血管壁位移低于晚发组及对照组(t=0.048、0.109,P<0.05)。结论2型糖尿病患者子女颈动脉僵硬度明显高于正常对照组,且早发组的颈动脉弹性下降较晚发组更明显。

颈动脉狭窄斑块风险预测模型评估觉醒型缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓预后的价值

目的:探讨颈动脉狭窄斑块风险预测模型对觉醒型缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓患者预后的评估价值。方法:选取94例接受静脉溶栓治疗的觉醒型缺血性脑卒中患者,依据预后将其分为预后不良组(26例)和预后良好组(68例),对其一般资料及颈动脉狭窄斑块超声因素行logistic回归分析,并构建风险预测模型。结果:单因素分析显示,预后不良组的年龄、合并冠心病、斑块形态、斑块表面光滑与否、狭窄程度、斑块长度、狭窄处峰值流速、RI与预后良好组相比,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。logistic多因素回归分析显示,合并冠心病、斑块形态不规则、斑块表面不光滑、重度狭窄、长斑块、狭窄处峰值流速高和RI大是觉醒型缺血性脑卒中患者静脉溶栓预后不良的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。基于此建立预测模型,模型公式:Logit(P)=3.671×合并冠心病+3.726×斑块形态+3.827×斑块表面光滑+3.006×狭窄程度+0.383×斑块长度+3.796×狭窄处峰值流速+10.990×RI-34.572。其Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验显示,χ^(2)=1.700,P=0.989,AUC为0.958(P<0.001,95%CI 0.922~0.994),敏感度84.60%,特异度95.60%,最大约登指数为0.802,模型预测觉醒型缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓患者预后不良的校正曲线总体趋势与理想曲线基本吻合。结论:觉醒型缺血性脑卒中患者在静脉溶栓治疗后颈动脉狭窄斑块的多项超声参数均有明显变化,基于此建立的超声参数风险预测模型对患者的预后具有一定的预测价值。

多模态超声技术评估颈动脉粥样硬化斑块易损性研究进展

易损斑块的不同病理特征可致其在形成和发展过程中的超声表现具有异质性。联合应用多模态超声技术可通过多种超声表现分析斑块内成分、评估其易损性,在预测缺血性脑卒中风险、指导临床早期干预及评估疗效和预后等方面具有独特优势及发展潜力。本文就多模态超声技术评估颈动脉粥样硬化斑块易损性的研究进展进行综述。

颈动脉超声联合ABCD3-Ⅰ评分及血清miR-146a预测短暂性脑缺血发作后继发脑梗死的临床价值

目的探讨颈动脉超声联合ABCD3-Ⅰ评分及血清miR-146a预测短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)后继发脑梗死的临床应用价值。方法选取我院收治的90例TIA患者,根据TIA后30 d内是否继发脑梗死分为脑梗死组42例和非脑梗死组48例,比较两组临床资料、颈动脉狭窄程度、ABCD3-Ⅰ评分及血清miR-146a的差异。采用Logistic回归分析筛选TIA后继发脑梗死的独立危险因素;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析颈动脉狭窄程度、ABCD3-Ⅰ评分、血清miR-146a单独及联合应用预测TIA后继发脑梗死的诊断效能。结果脑梗死组与非脑梗死组颈动脉狭窄程度、ABCD3-Ⅰ评分和血清miR-146a比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,颈动脉狭窄程度、ABCD3-Ⅰ评分和血清miR-146a均为TIA后继发脑梗死的独立危险因素(OR=2.807、2.680、2.762,均P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,颈动脉狭窄程度、ABCD3-Ⅰ评分和血清miR-146a预测TIA后继发脑梗死的曲线下面积分别为0.892、0.854和0.889,其联合应用的曲线下面积为0.925。结论颈动脉超声联合ABCD3-Ⅰ评分及血清miR-146a在预测TIA后继发脑梗死中具有较好的临床应用价值。

颈动脉超声联合心脏超声对冠心病患者不良预后的评估价值

目的探讨颈动脉超声联合心脏超声对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者不良预后的评估价值。方法选择2022年5月至2023年10月于首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院收治的125例冠心病患者作为研究对象,根据是否发生不良心血管事件进行预后评估,分为预后良好组(n=92)、预后不良组(n=33);两组均行颈动脉超声与心脏超声,对比其检查参数(颈动脉内-中膜厚度与E峰峰速、A峰峰速、左室射血分数、左室舒张末内径)以及颈动脉情况、左心室舒张功能等。运用Logistic回归分析法分析不良预后的影响因素;采用Kappa一致性检验,分析颈动脉超声、心脏超声单独及二者联合对不良预后评估的准确性。结果预后不良组颈动脉内-中膜厚度、左室舒张末内径大于预后良好组,A峰峰速、左室射血分数小于预后良好组(P<0.05);两组E峰峰速比较,P>0.05。预后不良组颈动脉病变、左心室舒张功能障碍检出率高于预后良好组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示:颈动脉病变、左心室舒张功能障碍均是冠心病患者不良预后的危险因素。Kappa一致性检验结果显示:颈动脉超声检查对不良预后评估的一致性一般(Kappa=0.395),心脏超声对不良预后评估的一致性差(Kappa=0.466),二者联合对不良预后的评估一致性较好(Kappa=0.679)。结论颈动脉超声联合心脏超声对冠心病患者不良预后的评估具有较好的应用价值,值得临床应用。

无心脑血管疾病危险因素成年受检者颈动脉管腔结构变化的相关因素分析

目的分析无心脑血管疾病危险因素成年受检者颈动脉管腔结构变化及其影响因素。方法回顾性连续纳入2019年12月至2021年12月多中心“脑卒中高危人群筛查脑颈动脉超声规范化评分”数据库2738例无心脑血管疾病相关危险因素的成年受检者(男787例,女1951例),分别将男性、女性分为18~29、30~39、40~49、50~59、≥60岁5组,统计比较各年龄组间颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)、颈总动脉内径(D_(CCA))、颈动脉球部内径(D BULB)、颈内动脉内径(D_(ICA))及颈动脉不同节段内径之比[以颈动脉指数(CI)表示,CI_(BULB)/CCA为D_(BULB/DCCA),CI_(BULB)/ICA为D BULB/D_(ICA),CI_(ICA/CCA)为D_(ICA)/D_(CCA)]的差异性,并采用Spearman相关性分析及单因素线性回归方法分析各参数随年龄的变化情况。采用单因素分析比较男女间以及不同侧别间各CI的差异,采用Spearman相关性分析方法分析各CI与颈总动脉IMT的相关性。应用多因素线性回归方法分析CI_(BULB)/CCA、CI_(BULB)/ICA及CI_(ICA/CCA)变化的影响因素。结果(1)IMT、D_(CCA)、D BULB、D_(ICA)、CI_(BULB)/CCA及CI_(BULB)/ICA与年龄呈显著正相关性(男性r值分别为0.121、0.229、0.260、0.055、0.107、0.229,女性r值分别为0.364、0.185、0.199、0.073、0.077、0.129,均P<0.01),CI_(ICA/CCA)与年龄呈负相关性(男性r=-0.118,女性r=-0.049,均P<0.05),且年龄每增长1岁,男性IMT、D_(CCA)、D BULB、D_(ICA)分别增长0.003、0.015、0.025、0.004 mm,女性IMT、D_(CCA)、D BULB、D_(ICA)分别增长0.005、0.011、0.018、0.005 mm。(2)男性CI_(BULB)/ICA小于女性(1.47±0.21比1.51±0.22;t=-5.566,P<0.01),CI_(ICA/CCA)大于女性(0.78±0.11比0.76±0.11;t=6.629,P<0.01);左侧CI_(BULB)/CCA(1.14±0.15比1.13±0.15;t=-2.973,P<0.05)、CI_(ICA/CCA)(0.77±0.11比0.76±0.11;t=-3.946,P<0.01)大于右侧。男女性别之间CI_(BULB)/CCA及左右侧之间CI_(BULB)/ICA差异均无统计学意义(男性比女性:1.13±0.15比1.13±0.15,t=1.212,P=0.226;左侧比右侧:1.49±0.22比1.50±0.21,t=1.112,P=0.266)。CI_(BULB)/CCA、CI_(BULB)/ICA与IMT的增加呈正相关性(r值分别为0.039、0.070,均P<0.05),而CI_(ICA/CCA)与IMT的增加呈负相关性(r=-0.032,P<0.05)。(3)多因素线性回归分析结果显示,年龄(β=0.081,P<0.01)、左侧(β=0.040,P<0.05)显著正向预测CI_(BULB)/CCA,而IMT对CI_(BULB)/CCA的影响差异无统计学意义(β=0.012,P>0.05)。年龄(β=0.148,P<0.01)、女性(β=0.070,P<0.01)及IMT(β=0.030,P<0.05)为CI_(BULB)/ICA增加的独立影响因素。年龄(β=-0.063,P<0.01)、女性(β=-0.088,P<0.01)显著负向预测CI_(ICA/CCA),左侧显著正向预测CI_(ICA/CCA)(β=0.053,P<0.01),但IMT对CI_(ICA/CCA)的影响差异无统计学意义(β=-0.022,P>0.05)。结论无心脑血管疾病危险因素成年受检者的颈动脉管腔结构参数与年龄具有一定的相关性,年龄、性别、侧别及IMT为颈动脉内径比值变化的独立预测因素。

动脉分析技术定量评价高血压合并缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉结构及弹性的临床价值

目的 探讨动脉分析技术定量评价高血压合并缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉结构及弹性的临床价值。方法 选取于我院首次就诊的原发性高血压患者140例,根据是否合并缺血性脑卒中分为脑卒中组72例和无脑卒中组68例,另选同期年龄、性别与之相匹配的健康志愿者74例作为对照组。应用动脉分析技术获取颈动脉结构参数包括最小内径(Dmin)、最大内径(Dmax)、内-中膜厚度(IMT),以及弹性参数包括硬度指数(β)、动脉顺应性(AC)、弹性模量(EM)、单点脉搏波传导速度(PWVβ)、纵向应变(RS)、纵向应变率(RSR)、周向应变(CS)及周向应变率(CSR),比较各组上述参数的差异。结果 与对照组比较,脑卒中组和无脑卒中组Dmin、Dmax、IMT、β、EM、PWVβ均增大,AC、RS、RSR、CS、CSR均减小,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);与无脑卒中组比较,脑卒中组Dmin、Dmax、IMT、β、PWVβ均增大,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 高血压合并缺血性脑卒中患者较单纯高血压患者颈动脉结构及弹性改变更明显。动脉分析技术可用于定量评价高血压合并缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉结构及弹性,为临床评估高血压患者发生缺血性脑卒中危险分层提供一定依据。

颈动脉超声相关参数与冠脉粥样硬化病变程度的相关性

目的:研究颈动脉超声相关参数与冠脉粥样硬化病变程度的相关性。方法:依据冠脉病变支数,于我院行冠脉造影确诊的116例冠心病患者被分为单支病变组(38例)、双支病变组(39例)与≥3支病变组(39例),选择同期健康体检者41例作为健康对照组。比较各组一般临床资料、颈动脉超声参数,并分析其与冠脉粥样硬化病变程度的相关性。结果:与健康对照组比较,单支病变组、双支病变组、≥3支病变组总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平、颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)、Crouse积分均显著升高,双支病变组、≥3支病变组斑块回声灰阶中位数(GSM)均显著降低;与单支病变组比较,双支病变组、≥3支病变组TG、LDL-C水平、Gensini积分、Crouse积分及≥3支病变组TC水平均显著升高,≥3支病变组斑块回声GSM显著降低;与双支病变组比较,≥3支病变组TC水平、Gensini积分、Crouse积分均显著升高,斑块回声GSM显著降低(P<0.05或<0.01)。Pearson相关性分析显示,冠心病患者Gensini积分与Crouse积分呈显著正相关(r=0.580,P=0.001);Spearman相关性分析显示,IMT与冠脉病变支数呈显著正相关(r=0.582,P=0.001),斑块回声GSM与其呈显著负相关(r=-0.518,P=0.001)。结论:颈动脉超声相关参数与冠脉粥样硬化病变程度呈显著相关性。

慢性颈内动脉闭塞影像学研究进展

慢性颈内动脉闭塞(chronic internal carotid artery occlusion,CICAO)是最常见的血管疾病之一。影像学方法包括超声、DSA、CT、MRI、核医学以及多模态影像可以评估CICAO患者的颈内动脉闭塞特征、斑块特点以及血流动力学变化,对CICAO的诊治以及预后评估具有重要意义。本文就动脉粥样硬化相关的CICAO的发病机制、影像学研究进展予以综述。

颈动脉及股动脉内膜中膜层厚度正常值的对比研究

目的 探讨颈动脉粥样硬化与股动脉粥样硬化的超声诊断标准。方法 根据 12 5例正常健康者颈动脉及股动脉超声图像 ,测量颈动脉及股动脉内径 (D)、颈动脉及股动脉内膜 中膜层厚度 (IMT)、颈动脉及股动脉僵硬度 (β)和最大剪切率 (SRs)。结果 随年龄增加 ,颈动脉及股动脉IMT、D、β呈增加趋势 ,SRs降低 ;正常人颈动脉和股动脉IMT分别为(0 .63± 0 .15 )mm、(0 .68± 0 .2 1)mm ,颈动脉及股动脉IMT上限分别为 0 .93mm、1.11mm。将正常人分为≥ 5 0岁组与 <5 0岁组 ,颈动脉上限分别为 1.0 9mm、0 .85mm ;股动脉上限分别为 1.2 6mm、0 .98mm。结论 正常人颈动脉及股动脉的IMT、血管内径和僵硬度随年龄增加而增加。采用IMT≥ 1.2mm可用于诊断颈动脉及年龄 <5 0岁股动脉粥样硬化斑块 ,对于 5 0岁以上患者 ,股动脉粥样硬化斑块诊断标准取IMT≥ 1.3mm较为合适。

脑血管病人颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的 探讨颈动脉粥样硬化与脑血管病的确切关系 ,寻找颈动脉粥样硬化的主要危险因素。方法应用彩色多普勒电脑声像仪对 2 97例脑卒中患者和 96例对照组进行颈动脉超声检查 ,观察动脉粥样硬化程度。结果 脑血管病组有颈动脉粥样硬化斑块者 187人 ,占 6 3 0 % ,显著高于对照组的 36 5 % ;脑梗死组严重颈动脉狭窄 (>5 0 % )的发生率 (15 6 % )显著高于脑出血组及对照组 (4 3% ,2 1% ) ;经Logistic多元回归分析 ,年龄、糖尿病、ApoA1(负相关 )是颈动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素 ,除年龄影响因素外 ,高血压也是颈动脉粥样硬化的危险因素。结论 脑卒中患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度明显加重 。

脑卒中患者颈动脉超声检查

目的 探讨脑血管病患者颈动脉粥样硬化的发生率及病变程度 ,寻找颈动脉粥样硬化的主要危险因素。方法 对脑血管病患者 2 97例及对照组 96例 ,采用双功能彩色多普勒超声探察颅外颈动脉 ,观察动脉粥样硬化程度。结果 脑血管病人颅外颈动脉粥样硬化斑块检出率 63 0 % ,对照组 3 6 5 %。脑梗塞患者颈动脉狭窄 >5 0 %的发生率显著高于脑出血患者及对照组 (15 6% ,4 3 % ,2 1% ,P <0 0 5 )。随年龄增长 ,颈动脉粥样硬化程度逐渐增加 ,但颈动脉狭窄 >75 %者在 61～ 70岁年龄组发生率最高 ,高龄组反而下降。结论 颈动脉粥样硬化与脑血管病之间存在密切关系 ,重视颈动脉的超声检查对预防和治疗脑血管病具有重要意义。