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Joint Estimation of Carrier Frequency and Phase Offset Based on Pilot Symbols in Quasi-Constant Envelope OFDM Satellite Systems 被引量:3
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作者 Cheng Wang Gaofeng Cui +1 位作者 Weidong Wang Yinghai Zhang 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2017年第7期184-194,共11页
Spectral efficiency and energy efficiency are two important performance indicators of satellite systems. The Quasi-Constant Envelope Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(QCE-OFDM) technique can achieve both high... Spectral efficiency and energy efficiency are two important performance indicators of satellite systems. The Quasi-Constant Envelope Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(QCE-OFDM) technique can achieve both high spectral efficiency and low peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR). Therefore, the QCE-OFDM technique is considered as a promising candidate multi-carrier technique for satellite systems. However, the Doppler effect will cause the carrier frequency offset(CFO), and the non-ideal oscillator will cause the carrier phase offset(CPO) in satellite systems. The CFO and CPO will further result in the bit-error-rate(BER) performance degradation. Hence, it is important to estimate and compensate the CFO and CPO. This paper analyzes the effects of both CFO and CPO in QCE-OFDM satellite systems. Furthermore, we propose a joint CFO and CPO estimation method based on the pilot symbols in the frequency domain. In addition, the optimal pilot symbol structure with different pilot overheads is designed according to the minimum Cramer-Rao bound(CRB) criterion. Simulation results show that the estimation accuracy of the proposed method is close to the CRB. 展开更多
关键词 载波频率偏移 正交频分复用 卫星系统 导频符号 联合估计 相位偏移 包络 恒定
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THE PERFORMANCE OF MT-CDMA SYSTEM IN THE PRESENCE OF CARRIER FREQUENCY OFFSET 被引量:1
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作者 Huang Ying Yang Wei Liu Junying 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2007年第1期128-132,共5页
In this letter,the sensitivity of an uplink Multi-Tone Code-Division Multiple Access (MT-CDMA) system to the Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) is investigated. The analytical expression for the Bit Error Rate (BER) of up... In this letter,the sensitivity of an uplink Multi-Tone Code-Division Multiple Access (MT-CDMA) system to the Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) is investigated. The analytical expression for the Bit Error Rate (BER) of uplink MT-CDMA in the presence of CFO is derived in a multipath Rayleigh fading channel which is verified through simulations. Both Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) and Equal Gain Combining (EGC) are considered in combining multipath signals in the analysis. It is found that the BER performance can be improved with the number of multipath increasing in the presence of CFO. 展开更多
关键词 载频偏置 MT-CDMA系统 多载波码分多址 性能评价 比特误码率
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CARRIER FREQUENCY OFFSET ESTIMATION FOR INTERLEAVED OFDMA UPLINK BASED ON SUBSPACE PROCESSING 被引量:1
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作者 Fan Da Cao Zhigang 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2007年第4期433-438,共6页
This paper investigates Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) estimation in the uplink of the Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems with the interleaved subcarrier assignment. CFOs between the transmi... This paper investigates Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) estimation in the uplink of the Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems with the interleaved subcarrier assignment. CFOs between the transmitters and the uplink receiver will destroy orthogonality among different subcarriers, hence resulting in inter-carrier interference and multiuser interference. A two-stage frequency offset estimation algorithm based on subspace processing is proposed. The main advantage of the proposed method is that it can obtain the CFOs of all users simultaneously using only one OFDMA block. Compared with the previously known methods, it not only has a relatively low implementation complexity but is also suitable for random subchannel assignment. 展开更多
关键词 正交频分复用信道 载波频率偏移 子空间处理 均方跟根误差
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ESTIMATION OF CARRIER FREQUENCY OFFSETS FOR MIMO SYSTEMS WITH DISTRIBUTED TRANSMIT ANTENNAS 被引量:2
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作者 Deng Kai Tang Youxi Lei Xia Li Shaoqian 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2007年第4期455-461,共7页
The problem of estimating the carrier frequency offsets in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems with distributed transmit antennas is addressed. It is supposed that the transmit antennas are distributed while... The problem of estimating the carrier frequency offsets in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems with distributed transmit antennas is addressed. It is supposed that the transmit antennas are distributed while the receive antennas are still centralized, and the general case where both the time delays and the frequency offsets are possibly different for each transmit antenna is considered. The channel is supposed to be frequency flat, and the macroscopic fading is also taken into consideration. A carrier frequency offset estimator based on Maximum Likelihood (ML) is proposed, which can separately estimate the frequency offset for each transmit antenna and exploit the spatial diversity. The Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB) for synchronous MIMO (i.e., the time delays for each transmit antenna are all equal) is also derived. Simulation results are given to illustrate the per- formance of the estimator and compare it with the CRB. It is shown that the estimator can provide satisfactory frequency offset estimates and its performance is close to the CRB for the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) below 20dB. 展开更多
关键词 分布式天线 载波频率偏移估计 多输入多输出系统 最大概似法 Cramer-Rao跳跃
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PROPAGATOR BASED CLOSED-FORM BLIND CARRIER FREQUENCY OFFSET ESTIMATION FOR OFDM SYSTEMS
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作者 Li Jun Liao Guisheng Wu Yuntao 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2006年第1期121-123,共3页
Most of the blind Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) estimators necessitate large number of samples to ensure the estimation accuracy. However, the number of samples can n... Most of the blind Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) estimators necessitate large number of samples to ensure the estimation accuracy. However, the number of samples can not be selected too large because of the carrier offset drift. In this letter, a new closed form algorithm for blind OFDM CFO estimation in frequency-selective channel is proposed. This method utilizes the propagator obtained from data matrix and the diagonal loading technique, thus it has better performance even only using one or two OFDM blocks. Furthermore, the range of the CFO estimation which can be handled is overall transmission spectral. Simulation results confirm its effectiveness. 展开更多
关键词 正交频分复用 OFDM 载波频率 传播函数
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JOINT ESTIMATION OF CARRIER FREQUENCY OFFSET AND POWER DELAY PROFILE FOR MIMO-OFDM SYSTEMS
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作者 Gong Xiaoqun Zhao Chunming Xu Wei Yang Yijin 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2008年第4期450-456,共7页
This paper develops a Cyclic Prefix(CP)based joint Maximum-Likelihood(ML)estima-tion algorithm of Carrier Frequency Offset(CFO)and Power Delay Profile(PDP)for Multi-InputMulti-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Mult... This paper develops a Cyclic Prefix(CP)based joint Maximum-Likelihood(ML)estima-tion algorithm of Carrier Frequency Offset(CFO)and Power Delay Profile(PDP)for Multi-InputMulti-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(MIMO-OFDM)systems.However,theexact solution of the joint ML estimation is very complex since it needs a search over amulti-dimensional domain.Thus a simplified method is proposed to estimate the CFO and the PDPiteratively via the alternating-projection method which could induce the multidimensional searchproblem to a sequence of simple one-dimensional searches.Simulations show that the proposed algo-rithm is more accurate and robust than the existing algorithms. 展开更多
关键词 无线通信系统 多输入多输出正交频分复用 载频偏置 最大可能估计
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Joint frequency offset tracking and PAPR reduction algorithm in OFDM systems 被引量:4
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作者 Lijun Ge Yingxin Zhao Hong Wu Ning Xu Yu'ang Jin Wenqi Li 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE EI CSCD 2010年第4期557-561,共5页
This paper presents an algorithm that aims to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) communication systems while maintaining frequency tracking.The algorit... This paper presents an algorithm that aims to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) communication systems while maintaining frequency tracking.The algorithm achieves PAPR reduction by applying the complex conjugates of the data symbol obtained from the frequency domain to cancel the phase of the data symbol.A likelihood estimator is used to obtain the sub-carrier phase error due to the residual carrier frequency offset(RCFO) using the same complex conjugates as a pilot signal.Furthermore,a joint time and frequency domain multicarrier phase locked loop(MPLL) is developed to compensate additional frequency offset.Simulation results show that this algorithm is capable of reducing PAPR without impacting the frequency tracking performance. 展开更多
关键词 orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) peak-to-average power ration(PAPR) carrier frequency offset complex conjugate multicarrier phase locked loop(MPLL) phase error.
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Frequency Offset Compensation for Satellite Communication System with CE-OFDM 被引量:3
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作者 Gaofeng Cui Cheng Wang +1 位作者 Weidong Wang Yinghai Zhang 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2017年第8期93-104,共12页
Constant envelope orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(CE-OFDM) is a waveform that can achieve 0d B peak-to-average power ratio and avoid the signal distortion caused by the nonlinear power amplifi er. However, ... Constant envelope orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(CE-OFDM) is a waveform that can achieve 0d B peak-to-average power ratio and avoid the signal distortion caused by the nonlinear power amplifi er. However, the carrier frequency offset(CFO) in CE-OFDM systems can cause errors at phase unwrapper module. In this paper, a CFO estimation scheme is proposed for CEOFDM in satellite communication system. As the null subcarrier is inherent in the conjugate symmetric symbol structure at the transmitter, the proposed scheme uses the null subcarrier as prior information to estimate the CFO at the receiver. The ideal estimation range of normalized CFO is obtained by mathematical analysis. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can estimate the CFO accurately under additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN) channel and multipath fading channel, especially for moderate and high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR). 展开更多
关键词 卫星通信系统 载波频率偏移 偏移补偿 多径衰落信道 峰值平均功率比 加性高斯白噪声 正交频分复用 OFDM系统
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Efficient integer frequency offset estimation for OFDM systems 被引量:2
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作者 吴贇 Ding Ming +2 位作者 Luo Hanwen Huang Jianguo Liu Renmao 《High Technology Letters》 EI CAS 2007年第2期164-168,共5页
关键词 有效整数频率 正交频分复用系统 通信 通道估计
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Model-Free Adaptive Frequency Calibration for Voltage-Controlled Oscillators
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作者 Lianghui Xie Zhi Quan +1 位作者 Osama Elnaha Qinglin Zhao 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第1期199-208,共10页
The operating frequency accuracy of the local oscillators is critical for the overall system performance in the communication systems.However,the high-precision oscillators could be too expensive for civil application... The operating frequency accuracy of the local oscillators is critical for the overall system performance in the communication systems.However,the high-precision oscillators could be too expensive for civil applications.In this paper,we propose a model-free adaptive frequency calibration framework for a voltage-controlled crystal oscillator(VCO)equipped with a time to digital converter(TDC),which can significantly improve the frequency accuracy of the VCO thus calibrated.The idea is to utilize a high-precision TDC to directly measure the VCO period which is then passed to a model-free method for working frequency calibration.One advantage of this method is that the working frequency calibration employs the system history of input/output(I/O)data,instead of establishing an accurate VCO voltagecontrolled oscillator model.Another advantage is the lightweight calibration method with low complexity such that it can be implemented on an MCU with limited computation capabilities.Experimental results show that the proposed calibration method can improve the frequency accuracy of a VCO from±20 ppm to±10 ppb,which indicates the promise of the modelfree adaptive frequency calibrator for VCOs. 展开更多
关键词 frequency calibration carrier frequency offset MODEL-FREE adaptive control wireless communication systems
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基于立方Farrow结构的插值细搜频偏估计算法 被引量:1
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作者 陆俊宇 李钰 《华东理工大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第1期121-128,共8页
在高动态通信环境中,由相对运动引起的多普勒频移会在接收机下变频所得的基带信号中引入残留频偏,致使基带信号的相位发生偏离。对频偏进行精确估计是提升高动态环境通信质量的重要途径。传统方法通常通过对快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier... 在高动态通信环境中,由相对运动引起的多普勒频移会在接收机下变频所得的基带信号中引入残留频偏,致使基带信号的相位发生偏离。对频偏进行精确估计是提升高动态环境通信质量的重要途径。传统方法通常通过对快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier Transform,FFT)后所得频谱进行一维搜索来估计载波频偏值,只能估计整数倍频点。为了进一步提高频偏估计的精度,本文提出了一种基于立方Farrow结构的插值细搜(Interpolation Detail Search, IDS)算法。仿真结果表明,此算法仅在16倍插值条件下就得到了逼近克拉美罗界(Cramer-Rao Bounds,CRB)的频偏估计性能,信噪比精度损失仅为1.2 dB,具有良好的估计性能。 展开更多
关键词 频偏估计 插值细搜 立方Farrow结构 载波同步 前导码
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基于STBC的MIMO OFDM系统中的I/Q不平衡及CFO的联合均衡策略 被引量:9
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作者 赵海军 李敏 +1 位作者 崔梦天 李明东 《通信学报》 EI CSCD 北大核心 2013年第11期51-58,共8页
基于STBC方案,针对MIMO OFDM通信系统中同时存在发射机和接收机I/Q不平衡、前端滤波器失配、CFO和频率选择性信道失真的组合影响进行了深入研究,并提出了一种适用的联合均衡策略;具体实现是首先通过对MIMO OFDM系统中只存在发射机I/Q不... 基于STBC方案,针对MIMO OFDM通信系统中同时存在发射机和接收机I/Q不平衡、前端滤波器失配、CFO和频率选择性信道失真的组合影响进行了深入研究,并提出了一种适用的联合均衡策略;具体实现是首先通过对MIMO OFDM系统中只存在发射机I/Q不平衡和多径信道干扰的分析,得到一种频域均衡器;然后再考虑同时存在接收机I/Q不平衡和CFO的情况,得到了2个时域均衡器;最后把2个时域均衡器变换到频域,并结合消除发射机I/Q不平衡和多径信道干扰的频域均衡技术,提出了一种全面的联合均衡技术即频域子载波均衡器。仿真结果表明,针对MIMO OFDM系统提出的频域子载波均衡技术不仅能扩展到其他高阶STBC系统,而且使均衡后的系统BER性能得到了明显的提高。 展开更多
关键词 MIMO OFDM系统 STBC I Q不平衡 载波频率偏移 子载波 均衡技术
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一种带有CFO补偿的OFDMA上行链路Turbo接收机 被引量:1
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作者 郭俊奇 尚勇 项海格 《高技术通讯》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2010年第9期881-887,共7页
提出了一种带有多用户载波频率偏移(CFO)联合补偿功能的迭代(Turbo)接收机,用于频率非同步环境下的正交频分多址(OFDMA)上行信号接收处理。基于频域Turbo均衡原理,该接收机实现了带有软干扰消除(SIC)的CFO补偿、最小均方误差(MMSE)频域... 提出了一种带有多用户载波频率偏移(CFO)联合补偿功能的迭代(Turbo)接收机,用于频率非同步环境下的正交频分多址(OFDMA)上行信号接收处理。基于频域Turbo均衡原理,该接收机实现了带有软干扰消除(SIC)的CFO补偿、最小均方误差(MMSE)频域均衡和最大后验(MAP)信道译码的联合迭代处理。理论分析和仿真结果均表明:与传统的非迭代接收机相比,文中所提Turbo接收机利用MAP译码器的软判决反馈信息实现了干扰重构和消除,在迭代中获得了更优的频率同步性能和误比特率性能;与现有几种典型的迭代接收机相比,文中所提Turbo接收机具有更优的误比特率性能和更低的实现复杂度。 展开更多
关键词 正交频分多址(OFDMA) 载波频率偏移(cfo) 补偿 迭代(Turbo)接收机 软干扰消除(SIC)
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空频码异步协作通信中的多CFO补偿
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作者 朱冰莲 张松 +1 位作者 刘海丰 杨晓芳 《计算机工程与应用》 CSCD 北大核心 2011年第18期149-152,共4页
在协作通信中为了对抗同步误差,可基于OFDM技术在中继节点采用空频码实现协作分集和多径分集。OFDM可以抗定时误差,但对载波频率偏移非常敏感,对于协作通信,多个载波频率偏移的存在使得频率补偿很难实现。利用空频码结构和载波间干扰能... 在协作通信中为了对抗同步误差,可基于OFDM技术在中继节点采用空频码实现协作分集和多径分集。OFDM可以抗定时误差,但对载波频率偏移非常敏感,对于协作通信,多个载波频率偏移的存在使得频率补偿很难实现。利用空频码结构和载波间干扰能量分布特点,提出在发射端调整空频码相对位置,在接收端进行多次频率搬移和相应的FFT变换,能有效对抗多个载波频率偏移。在此基础上采用Q抽头滤波算法,以较低的算法复杂度实现了接近于最小均方误差的性能。 展开更多
关键词 协作通信 空频码 载波频率偏移 正交频分复用技术
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SOQPSK-TG信号的EM半盲载波频偏估计
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作者 赵丹辉 王天乐 +2 位作者 史长鑫 曾妮 王泽龙 《电讯技术》 北大核心 2024年第5期754-759,共6页
针对成形偏移四相相移键控-TG(Shaped Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying-Telemetry Group version,SOQPSK-TG)信号在训练序列长度受限时频偏估计精度较低的问题,利用双二进制分解(Doubinary Decomposition,DBD)原理提出基于期望最... 针对成形偏移四相相移键控-TG(Shaped Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying-Telemetry Group version,SOQPSK-TG)信号在训练序列长度受限时频偏估计精度较低的问题,利用双二进制分解(Doubinary Decomposition,DBD)原理提出基于期望最大化(Expectation Maximization,EM)的SOQPSK半盲载波频偏(Carrier Frequency Offset,CFO)估计算法。为了确保EM算法收敛到预期性能范围,使用基于非线性四次方码元定时估计算法的非数据辅助频偏估计方法优化了EM算法初始点选择。仿真实验结果表明,该算法相比于使用训练序列进行数据辅助估计的方法,在不增加辅助数据数量的前提下能够进一步提升CFO估计的精度,并在较高信噪比下拥有接近序列总长度所对应的克拉美罗界(Cramér-Rao Bound,CRB)的优秀性能。 展开更多
关键词 SOQPSK-TG信号 载波频偏估计 EM算法 双二进制分解(DBD)
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基于RLS算法的OFDM CFO与STO联合估计方法
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作者 胡星波 黄煜梅 洪志良 《电视技术》 北大核心 2007年第B08期9-12,共4页
针对OFDM载波频偏与采样时偏的联合估计问题,提出了一种基于递推最小二乘(RLS)算法的新方法。该估计方法采用递推计算方式,能方便实时地更新偏差量的估计值。仿真结果表明,这一方法与现有的同类方法相比,在相同的信道条件下具有更优的... 针对OFDM载波频偏与采样时偏的联合估计问题,提出了一种基于递推最小二乘(RLS)算法的新方法。该估计方法采用递推计算方式,能方便实时地更新偏差量的估计值。仿真结果表明,这一方法与现有的同类方法相比,在相同的信道条件下具有更优的估计性能。 展开更多
关键词 接收机设计 载波频偏 采样时偏
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任意子载波分配OFDMA上行链路CFO估计及补偿方法 被引量:1
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作者 温杨 黄炜 +1 位作者 张忠培 饶琪 《电子与信息学报》 EI CSCD 北大核心 2007年第5期1155-1158,共4页
正交频分多址(OFDMA)技术是正交频分复用技术(OFDM)的扩展。与OFDM一样,它对载波频偏(CFO)相当敏感。该文针对多用户任意子载波分配的OFDMA上行链路系统提出一种基于导频辅助的CFO估计方法,并在此基础上给出一种低复杂度CFO补偿方法。... 正交频分多址(OFDMA)技术是正交频分复用技术(OFDM)的扩展。与OFDM一样,它对载波频偏(CFO)相当敏感。该文针对多用户任意子载波分配的OFDMA上行链路系统提出一种基于导频辅助的CFO估计方法,并在此基础上给出一种低复杂度CFO补偿方法。仿真结果表明,该方法计算复杂度低,性能良好。 展开更多
关键词 OFDMA 上行链路 cfo估计 导频辅助
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一种改进的OFDM系统CFO的盲估计方法 被引量:1
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作者 吴佩霖 许小东 戴旭初 《无线电工程》 2009年第8期17-20,共4页
OFDM系统的载波频偏导致相邻OFDM符号相同子载波上的信号功率产生了差异。基于这个思想,利用OFDM信号的4阶矩与频偏满足余弦函数关系的特点,提出一种载波频偏估计的改进方法,即子载波功率差分估计方法。该方法具有简单的闭式解,避免了... OFDM系统的载波频偏导致相邻OFDM符号相同子载波上的信号功率产生了差异。基于这个思想,利用OFDM信号的4阶矩与频偏满足余弦函数关系的特点,提出一种载波频偏估计的改进方法,即子载波功率差分估计方法。该方法具有简单的闭式解,避免了迭代搜索过程,降低了计算量,同时也适用于慢时变的频率选择性衰落信道。仿真实验表明,与现有方法相比,改进后的方法在降低计算复杂度的同时也具有良好的估计性能。 展开更多
关键词 OFDM 载波频偏(cfo) 盲估计 频率选择性衰落信道
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Pseudo-noise preamble based joint frame and frequency synchronization algorithm in OFDM communication systems 被引量:4
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作者 Qingfeng Jing Ming Cheng +2 位作者 Yuping Lu Weizhi Zhong Hongwei Yao 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE EI CSCD 2014年第1期1-9,共9页
Frame and frequency synchronization are essential for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The frame offset owing to incorrect start point position of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) window,... Frame and frequency synchronization are essential for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The frame offset owing to incorrect start point position of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) window, and the carrier frequency offset (CFO) due to Doppler frequency shift or the frequency mismatch between the transmitter and receiver oscil ators, can bring severe inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-carrier interference (ICI) for the OFDM system. Relying on the relatively good correlation charac-teristic of the pseudo-noise (PN) sequence, a joint frame offset and normalized CFO estimation algorithm based on PN preamble in time domain is developed to realize the frame and frequency synchronization in the OFDM system. By comparison, the perfor-mances of the traditional algorithm and the improved algorithm are simulated under different conditions. The results indicate that the PN preamble based algorithm both in frame offset estimation and CFO estimation is more accurate, resource-saving and robust even under poor channel condition, such as low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and large normalized CFO. 展开更多
关键词 orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) frame synchronization carrier frequency offset cfo estimation preamble pseudo-noise sequence.
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Blind CFO estimation algorithm for OFDM systems by using generalized precoding and trilinear model 被引量:1
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作者 Xiaofei Zhang Dazhuan Xu 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE EI CSCD 2012年第1期10-15,共6页
This paper discusses the blind carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems by utilizing trilinear decomposition and genera- lized preceding. Firstly, the... This paper discusses the blind carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems by utilizing trilinear decomposition and genera- lized preceding. Firstly, the generalized precoding is employed to obtain multiple covariance matrices which are requisite for the trilinear model, and then a novel CFO estimation algorithm is proposed for the OFDM system. Compared with both the joint diagonalizer and estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariant technique (ESPRIT), the proposed algorithm enjoys a better CFO estimation performance. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can work well without virtual carriers. Simulation results illustrate the performance of this algorithm, 展开更多
关键词 carrier frequency offset cfo orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) generalized precoding trilinear model.
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