An Optimal Algorithm for the Retrieval of Chlorophyll,Suspended Sediments and Gelbstoff of Case Ⅱ Waters in the Pearl River Estuary

An optimal algorithm for the retrieval of chlorophyll, suspended sediments and gelbstoff of case Ⅱ waters in the Pearl River estuary was established with the optical parameters derived from the in-situ data obtained in Jan. 2003 in the same area. And then, the chlorophyll, suspended sediments and gelbstoff of the SeaWiFS pixels on Jan. 29, 2003 corresponding to the in-situ sites of Jan. 25 and 26, 2003 were synchronously retrieved, with average relative errors of 14.9%, 12.1% and 13.6% for chlorophyll, suspended sediments and gelbstoff, respectively. The research results indicated that the optimal retrieval algorithm established here was relatively fit for the retrieval of the chlorophyll, suspended sediments and gelbstoff of case Ⅱ waters in the Pearl River estuary, and had quite good retrieval accuracy.

An Approach to Improving the Retrieval Accuracy of Oceanic Constituents in Case Ⅱ Waters

In the present paper, a method is proposed to improve the performance of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based algorithms for the retrieval of oceanic constituents in Case Ⅱ waters. The ANN-based algorithms have been developed based on a constraint condition, which represents, to a certain degree, the correlation between suspended particulate matter (SPM) and pigment (CHL), coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and CHL, as well as CDOM and SPM, found in Case Ⅱ waters. Compared with the ANN-based algorithm developed without a constraint condition, the performance of ANN-based algorithms developed with a constraint conditions is much better for the retrieval of CHL and CDOM, especially in the case of high noise levels; however, there is not significant improvement for the retrieval of SPM.

Hyperspectral retrieval model of phycocyanin in case Ⅱ waters

Phycocyanin, a functional protein found in blue-green algae, with characteristic absorption peak around 620 nm, can be used to detect the quantity of blue-green algae in waters. Spectral characteristics of phycocyanin were studied by measuring hyperspectral water leaving radiance and absorption curve, and the results showed that the absorption peak of phycocyanin around 620 nm was evident in the curve of water leaving radiance. Bio-optical model of phycocyanin was set up with analytical methods and calibrated with error analysis. Linear relationship between phycocyanin concentration measured and that retrieved with calibrated bio-optical model (R = 0.755) was better than that retrieved with the band ratio of 709 nm/620 nm (R = 0.729), which proved that the calibration was neces-sary for improving the accuracy of phycocyanin concentration.

Nd:YAG water mist laser treatment for giant gestational gingival tumor: A case report

BACKGROUND This case of gestational gingival tumor is huge and extremely rare in clinical practice.As the growth location of this gingival tumor is in the upper anterior tooth area,it seriously affects the pregnant woman's speech and food,causing great pain to the patient.The use of Nd:YGA water mist laser to remove the gingival tumor resulted in minimal intraoperative bleeding,minimal adverse reactions,and good postoperative healing,which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.CASE SUMMARY The patient,a pregnant woman,reported a large lump in her mouth on the first day of postpartum treatment.Based on medical history and clinical examination,the diagnosis was diagnosed as gestational gingival tumor.Postoperative pathological biopsy also confirmed this diagnosis.The use of Nd:YAG water mist laser to remove the tumor resulted in minimal intraoperative bleeding,clear surgical field of view,short surgical time,and good postoperative healing.CONCLUSION In comparison to traditional surgery,Nd:YAG water mist laser surgery is minimally invasive,minimizes cell damage,reduces bleeding,ensures a clear field of vision,and virtually eliminates postoperative edema,carbonization,and the risk of cross infection.It has unique advantages in oral soft tissue surgery for pregnant patients.Therefore,the clinical application of Nd:YAG water mist laser for the treatment of gestational gingival tumors is an ideal choice.

Effects of Water Stress on the Mssbauer Spectrum of Fe^(2+) /Fe^(3+) Components in Cucumber PSⅡ Particles

There were four doublets in the Mssbauer spectrum of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) photosystemⅡ (PSⅡ) particles. According to the value of isomer shift and quadrupole splitting, they represented oxidized cytochrome b559 (Cyt_b559), reduced Cyt_b559, Fe 3+ _quinone (Q) complex, and Fe 2+ _Q complex respectively. After water_stress, the electron transport rate between Q A (primary quinone electron acceptor of PSⅡ)/Q B(secondary quinone electron acceptor of PSⅡ) was affected and the absorption doublets of Fe 2+ disappeared, suggesting that the reduced Cyt_b559 and Fe 2+ _Q complex had been oxidized. The results indicated that water_stress had changed the redox status of iron in the iron_quinone complex. Iron took part in electron transport through the change from a state of reduction to oxidation.

Atmospheric correction of Sea WiFS imagery for turbid coastal and inland waters

A practical algorithm of atmospheric correction for turbid coastal and inland waters is provided. The presentalgorithm uses the property that the water-leaving radiance at 412 nm increases very little with the increasing of waterturbidity. Thus, in very turbid coastal and inland waters, the radiance at 412 nm can be used to estimate the aerosolscattering radiance at 865 nm. The performance of the new algorithm is validated with simulation for several cases. Itis found that the retrieved remotely sensed reflectance is usually with error less than 10% for the first six bands ofSeaWiFS. This new algorithm is also tested under various atmospheric conditions in the Changjiang River Estuaryand the Hangzhou Bay where the sediment concentration is very high and the standard SeaWiFS atmosphericcorrection algorithm creates a mask due to atmospheric correction failure. The result proves the efficiency of thissimple algorithm in reducing the errors of the water-leaving radiance retrieving using SeaWiFS satellite data.

Determination of Ultratrace Amounts of Copper(Ⅱ) in Water Samples by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry After Cloud Point Extraction

A novel approach was developed for the determination of ultratrace amounts of copper in water samples by using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry （ETAAS） after cloud point extraction （ CPE ）. 1-（ 2-Pyridylazo ） -2- naphthol was used as the chelating reagent and Triton X-114 as the mieellar-forming surfactant. CPE was conducted in a pH 8. 0 medium at 40 ℃ for 10 rain. After the separation of the phases by contrifugafion, the surfactant-rieh phase was diluted with 1 mL of a methanol solution of 0. 1 mol/L HNO3. Then 20μL of the diluted surfactant-rieh phase was injected into the graphite furnace for atomization in the absence of any matrix modifier. Various experimental conditions that affect the extraction and atomization processes were optimized. A detection limit of 5 ng/L was obtained after preconeentration. The linear dynamic range of the copper mass concentration was found to be 0-2.0 ng/mL, and the relative standard deviation was found to be less than 3. 1% for a sample containing 1.0 ng/mL Cu （ Ⅱ ）. This developed method was successfully applied to the determination of uhratraee amounts of Cu in drinking water, tap water, and seawater samples.

Orthodontic-surgical treatment for severe skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion with vertical maxillary excess and four premolars extraction: A case report

BACKGROUND Patient satisfaction with facial appearance at the end of orthodontic camouflage treatment is very important, especially for skeletal malocclusion. This case report highlights the importance of the treatment plan for a patient initially treated with four-premolar-extraction camouflage, despite indications for orthognathic surgery.CASE SUMMARY A 23-year-old male sought treatment complaining about his unsatisfactory facial appearance. His maxillary first premolars and mandibular second premolars had been extracted, and a fixed appliance had been used to retract his anterior teeth for two years without improvement. He had a convex profile, a gummy smile, lip incompetence, inadequate maxillary incisor inclination, and almost a class I molar relationship. Cephalometric analysis showed severe skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion(A point-nasion-B point = 11.5°) with a retrognathic mandible(sella-nasion-B point = 75.9°), a protruded maxilla(sella-nasion-A point = 87.4°), and vertical maxillary excess(upper incisor to palatal plane = 33.2 mm). The excessive lingual inclination of the maxillary incisors(upper incisor to nasion-A point line =-5.5°)was due to previous treatment attempts to compensate for the skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion. The patient was successfully retreated with decompensating orthodontic treatment combined with orthognathic surgery. The maxillary incisors were repositioned and proclined in the alveolar bone, the overjet was increased, and a space was created for orthognathic surgery, including maxillary impaction, anterior maxillary back-setting, and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy to correct his skeletal anteroposterior discrepancy. Gingival display was reduced, and lip competence was restored. In addition, the results remained stable after 2 years. The patient was satisfied with his new profile as well as with the functional malocclusion at the end of treatment.CONCLUSION This case report provides orthodontists a good example of how to treat an adult with severe skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion with vertical maxillary excess after an unsatisfactory orthodontic camouflage treatment. Orthodontic and orthognathic treatment can significantly correct a patient’s facial appearance.

Blocking backward reaction on hydrogen evolution cocatalyst in a photosystem Ⅱ hybrid Z-scheme water splitting system

Photocatalytic Z-scheme water splitting is considered as a promising approach to produce solar hydrogen.However,the forward hydrogen production reaction is often impeded by backward reactions.In the present study,in a photosystem Ⅱ-integrated hybrid Z-scheme water splitting system,the backward hydrogen oxidation reaction was significantly suppressed by loading a PtCrOx cocatalyst on a ZrO2/TaON photocatalyst.Due to the weak chemisorption and activation of molecular hydrogen on PtCrOx,where Pt is stabilized in the oxidized forms,Pt^Ⅱ and Pt^Ⅳ,hydrogen oxidation is inhibited.However,it is remarkably well-catalyzed by the metallic Pt cocatalyst,thereby rapidly consuming the produced hydrogen.This work describes an approach to inhibit the backward reaction in the photosystem Ⅱ-integrated hybrid Z-scheme water splitting system using Fe(CN)6^3-/Fe(CN)6^4-redox couple as an electron shuttle.

A Novel Three-dimensional Mn(Ⅱ) Coordination Polymer Constructed from Biphenyl-3,3',5,5'-tetracarboxylic Acid and Water

The title Mn（Ⅱ） coordination polymer,poly{[heptaaqua-（μ4-bi-phenyl-3,3？,5,5？-tetracarboxylate）-bimanganese（Ⅱ）] pentahydrate},[Mn_2（bpta）（H_2O）_7]_n·5n H_2O（I）,is crystallized from a mixture of biphenyl-3,3？,5,5？-tetracarboxylic acid（H_4bpta） and MnCl_2·4H_2O in waterethanol under room temperature. Its asymmetric unit consists of one and two halves of crystallographically independent Mn（Ⅱ） cations,one fully deprotonated H4 bpta ligand,seven coordinated water molecules and five solvent water as guest molecules. In I,each Mn（Ⅱ） atom is octahedrally coordinated by six oxygen atoms from bpta^（4-） anions and coordinated water molecules. In the Mn（Ⅱ） cations,one half Mn（Ⅱ） ion of them located at a 2-fold axis generating a trinuclear [Mn_3（H_2O）_2（RCOO）_2] linker by μ1,1-O（water） and μ1,3-O,O？（carboxylate） bridges and another half Mn（Ⅱ） ion with an inversion is a mononuclear linker. These neighbouring trinuclear and mononuclear Mn（Ⅱ） cations are linked together by biphenyl-3,3？,5,5？-tetracarboxylates to form a three-dimensional framework with a（42.84） topology of a（4,4）-connected net,in which the positions of the trinuclear [Mn_3（H_2O）_2（R-COO）_2] linker as a 4-connector linking four bpta^（4-） ligands in I reproduce an eagle-shaped arrangement. The polymeric structure exhibits a water channel with an accessible void of 797.1 ？~3,amounting to 15.7% of the total unit-cell volume. Each of the cavities in the network is occupied by solvent water molecules.

ZIF-8@STPP-MCS的制备及其用于自来水中Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附

为提高磁性壳聚糖(MCS)对Cu的吸附效率,本研究通过MCS表面引入ZIF-8,制备了三聚磷酸钠(STPP)交联的MCS复合材料ZIF-8@STPP-MCS,应用于自来水中Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附。采用SEM-EDS、XRD等技术对ZIF-8@STPP-MCS进行了形貌、结构和性能的表征。结果表明:当溶液pH=6,吸附剂投加量0.5 mg/mL时,ZIF-8@STPP-MCS对Cu(Ⅱ)吸附效果最佳,对自来水中Cu(Ⅱ)的脱除率可达99%以上。拟二级动力学和Sips模型较好地描述了ZIF-8@STPP-MCS的吸附过程,最大吸附量为112.8 mg/g。

Colon mucosal injury caused by water jet malfunction during a screening colonoscopy:A case report

BACKGROUND Screening colonoscopies are routinely performed and have low occurrences of adverse events such as perforation,bleeding,infection,and post-polypectomy syndrome.True device related adverse events are rarely reported in the literature.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 51-year-old patient without past medical history who presented for her first screening colonoscopy.The patient was thought to have friable mucosa in the cecum and oozed upon water irrigation during screening colonoscopy.It was later identified that the colonoscope used during the index procedure had malfunctioned and produced a pin-point water jet which damaged the colon mucosa of cecum.The maintenance service identified a piece of rubber fragment lodged in the instrument component at the tip of the scope,resulting in high pressure water jet.Repeat colonoscopy with a functioning colonoscope confirmed normal colon mucosa without friability.CONCLUSION This is the first report of mucosa injury from a colonoscope water jet malfunction.Endoscopists should recognize the potential for endoscopic malfunction.

Application of ozonated water for treatment of gastro-thoracic fistula after comprehensive esophageal squamous cell carcinoma therapy: A case report

BACKGROUND Gastro-thoracic fistula is a serious complication after radical surgery for esophageal cancer,and a conservative approach or endoscopic intervention is commonly applied to treat most cases.CASE SUMMARY Here we describe the case of a patient with a gastro-thoracic fistula which could not be closed during gastroscopy after receiving postoperative radiotherapy,together with severe multiple drug-resistant bacterial infection and chest wall fistula.The abscess was drained and local irrigation applied with ozonated water,together with oral ozonated water,which achieved a good effect and highlighted a new way to cure fistula in such patients.CONCLUSION Patients with gastro-thoracic fistula that cannot be closed and severe infection can be treated by drainage and flushing with ozonated water.

Two Nickel(Ⅱ) Complexes Constructed by Novel Bis(3-methoxy-2-pyridyl)ether-6,6′-dicarboxylic Acid Ligand:Lattice Water Control of Structure

Under given conditions, two complexes of [Ni（H20）2BEDA]·2H2O 1 and [Ni（Py）2- BEDA]·6H2O 2 （BEDA = bis（3-methoxy-2-pyridyl）ether-6,6′-dicarboxylic acid） have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Crystal data for 1： C14H18NiN2O11, monoelinic C2/c, a = 14.3844（17）, b = 12.9900（15）, c = 9.6309（11） A, β = 104.3350（10）°, V= 1743.5（4） A3, Z = 4, Dc= 1.711 g/cm^3, F（000） = 928, μ = 1.179 mm^-1, Mr= 449.01, the final R = 0.0228 and wR = 0.0625. Crystal data for 2： C24H32NiN4O13, triclinic P1, a = 9.423（2）, b = 11.863（3）, c = 13.089（3） A, α = 91.511（3）, β = 92.465（3）, γ = 100.696（2）°, V = 1435.6（6） A^3, Z = 2, Dc= 1.488 g/cm^3, F（000） = 672, μ = 0.748 mm^-1, Mr= 643.25, the final R = 0.0400 and wR = 0.0975. Interestingly, in the two complexes, lattice water molecules dominate its crystal structures. Therefore, extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonds assemble 1 and 2 into 2D extended sheets and a 3D open framework, respectively. Furthermore, water molecules present in 2 are associated to form water clusters.

Clinical and genetic diagnosis of autosomal dominant osteopetrosis typeⅡin a Chinese family:A case report

BACKGROUND Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disorder characterized by increased bone density due to defective bone resorption of osteoclasts.Approximately,80%of autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type II(ADO-II)patients were usually affected by heterozygous dominant mutations in the chloride voltage-gated channel 7(ClCN7)gene and present early-onset osteoarthritis or recurrent fractures.In this study,we report a case of persistent joint pain without bone injury or underlying history.CASE SUMMARY We report a 53-year-old female with joint pain who was accidentally diagnosed with ADO-II.The clinical diagnosis was based on increased bone density and typical radiographic features.Two heterozygous mutations in the ClCN7 and Tcell immune regulator 1(TCIRG1)genes by whole exome sequencing were identified in the patient and her daughter.The missense mutation(c.857G>A)occurred in the CLCN7 gene p.R286Q,which is highly conserved across species.The TCIRG1 gene point mutation(c.714-20G>A)in intron 7(near the splicing site of exon 7)had no effect on subsequent transcription.CONCLUSION This ADO-II case had a pathogenic CLCN7 mutation and late onset without the usual clinical symptoms.For the diagnosis and assessment of the prognosis for osteopetrosis,genetic analysis is advised.

Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis typeⅡresulting from a de novo mutation in the CLCN7 gene:A case report

BACKGROUND Osteopetrosis is a family of extremely rare diseases caused by failure of osteoclasts and impaired bone resorption. Among them, autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type Ⅱ(ADO Ⅱ), related to the chloride channel 7(CLCN7) gene, is the most frequent form of osteopetrosis. In this study, we report a de novo mutation of CLCN7 in a patient without the family history of ADO Ⅱ.CASE SUMMARY A 5-year-old Chinese boy with ADO Ⅱ was found to have a de novo mutation in the CLCN7 gene [c.746 C>T(p.P249 L)]. Typical clinical manifestations, including thickening of the cortex of spinal bones and long bones, non-traumatic fracture of the femoral neck, and femoral head necrosis, were found in this patient. The patient is the first reported case of ADO Ⅱ with the missense mutation c.746 C>T(p.P249 L) of the CLCN7 gene reported in China. We also review the available literature on ADO Ⅱ-related CLCN7 mutations, including baseline patient clinical features, special clinical significance, and common mutations.CONCLUSION Our report will enrich the understanding of mutations in ADO Ⅱ patients. The possibility of a de novo mutation should be considered in individuals who have no family history of osteopetrosis.

Glutaric acidemia type Ⅱ patient with thalassemia minor and novel electron transfer flavoprotein-A gene mutations:A case report and review of literature

Glutaric acidemia type Ⅱ （GAⅡ）, also known as multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase defciency, is an auto-somal recessive inborn error of amino acid and fatty acid metabolism. We report a case of GAⅡ with novel electron transfer flavoprotein （ETF）-A mutations in a 2-year-old female with thalassemia minor. The patient developed an episode of hypoglycemia and hypotonicityon the postnatal first day. Laboratory investigations revealed elevations of multiple acyl carnitines indicat-ing glutaric acidemia type Ⅱ in newborn screening analysis. Urinary organic acids were evaluated for the confrmation and revealed a high glutaric acid excretion. Genetic analysis revealed two novel mutations in the ETF-A gene, which are considered to be compound heterozygote. At the 8 mo of life ketone therapy was added, which significantly increased the neuromotor development. The patient had been closely followed for two years with carnitine, ribofavin, coenzyme Q10, and ketone supplementation in addition to a high carbohydrate diet. Although the patient had comorbidity like thalassemia minor, her neuromotor developmentwas normal for her age and had no major health problems. This specific case expands the previously reported spectrum of this disease.

Emphysematous sloughed floating ball after prostate water vaporization Rezum:A case report

BACKGROUND Rezūm™water vapor therapy is a new minimally invasive endoscopic technology for the management and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.CASE SUMMARY A 63-year-old male presented to our department with severe dysuria,frequency,urgency,and interrupted stream 2 mo after receiving Rezūm™therapy.The symptoms were caused by a retained floating emphysematous necrotic sloughed tissue.We also discovered a persistent bacterial infection that was resistant to parenteral antimicrobial therapy.The treatment of the patient included surgical removal of the necrotic tissue.CONCLUSION Despite the good safety profile and minimal adverse events related to Rezūm™therapy,major complications can still occur.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Spectral Property of a Water-bridged Co(Ⅱ) Coordination Polymer with 3-Flavonoxylacetic Acid Ligand

A new cobalt complex with flavonoid carboxylate ligand was synthesized and characterized. X-ray diffraction data revealed that the compound crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system, space group P2_1/c with a = 7.936(3), b = 21.475(7), c = 20.010(7) ?, β = 102.856(14)o, V = 3325(2) ?~3, Z = 4, C_(34)H_(32)CoO_(15), M_r = 739.53, D_c = 1.477 g/cm^3, F(000) = 1532, μ = 0.591 mm^(-1), R = 0.1123 and w R = 0.1419. In the crystal structure, the Co(Ⅱ) shows 6 coordination geometry, and the flavonoid ligand coordinated with the Co(Ⅱ) ion in a monodentate mode. Hydrogen bonding interactions and π-π stacking interactions lead to the three-dimensional stacking of crystal and increase its stability. Moreover, the thermal stability and luminescent properties of the complex are also investigated. The fluorescence of the complex shows a great reduction of the intensity than that of the ligand.