Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a form of Gender Base Violence (GBV) where an intimate partner perpetrates violence. In the HIV care continua which has the aim of achieving epidemic control based on the goals defin...Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a form of Gender Base Violence (GBV) where an intimate partner perpetrates violence. In the HIV care continua which has the aim of achieving epidemic control based on the goals defined by UNAIDS, 95% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) have to know their HIV status, 95% initiated ARV treatment and 95% are virally suppressed in order to achieve epidemic control. One of the evidence-based strategies used for achieving an optimal number of PLHIV who know their HIV status is the Index Case Testing Strategy (ICT). While the ICT strategy helps the achievement of epidemic control, its implementation increases the incidence of IPV among either serodiscordant or concordant couples. Tackling information about IPV is very sensitive. A review of the literature on the management of HIV patient information has shown that shifting from paper-based management of HIV patient information to computerized Electronic Medical Records (EMR) systems, using software such as OPEN MRS has significantly improved the management of HIV patient information with high-level confidentiality of patient information. The reviews showed that the EMR systems put in place to manage HIV patient information need to integrate the stages used for the management of IPV among PLHIV.展开更多
BACKGROUND In the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,when children remain home-confined secondary to the closure of schools,little is known of the burden of the parents being their index case.AIM To de...BACKGROUND In the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,when children remain home-confined secondary to the closure of schools,little is known of the burden of the parents being their index case.AIM To determine the prevalence of parents being the index case of COVID-19 infected children.METHODS A database search in PubMed and Scopus ensued to recruit studies reporting the index case information of COVID-19 infected individuals aged≤18.The reviewed articles'quality evaluation included the use of the National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute's tool.A random-effect meta-analysis ensued to determine the prevalence of the parent being and not-being the index case.Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 and Chi2 statistics.The publication bias was evaluated by funnel plots and Egger’s test.RESULTS Overall,this review included 13 eligible studies sourcing data from 622 children of 33 nations.Study designs were heterogeneous and primarily included descriptive reports(38.4%).The prevalence of parent being the index case was 54%(95%CI:0.29-0.79;I2:62.3%,Chi2 P<0.001).In>70%of children,their indexcase parent was symptomatic due to COVID-19 at the time of infection transmitting.Studies for which a risk of bias assessment was possible were of fair quality.CONCLUSION There is a substantial global burden of parents being the index case of COVID-19 infected children,and frequently these parents are symptomatic.Therefore,from a public health perspective,early detection of these parents is crucial.展开更多
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease that has impacted negatively on human history. The biology of the mycobacterium tuberculosis is complicated and has affected the control as well as elimination of the disease. Ni...Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease that has impacted negatively on human history. The biology of the mycobacterium tuberculosis is complicated and has affected the control as well as elimination of the disease. Nigeria is one of the countries with high incidence and prevalence of TB. The late and low case detection has been a major problem with National TB control program, caused by passive case finding strategy practiced by the country. A shift from the passive and active case search has been recommended for detection of missing cases of TB and improved program performance. The proximity of TB contact is a major determinant of disease transmission. However, maximizing early case detection and prompt treatment of notified cases is very useful in (TB) control especially in high burden countries. The tracking of TB contacts provides a good platform for early diagnosis, educating the household on TB disease and infection control as well as breaking the chain of transmission. The objective of the study is to ascertain effectiveness of contact tracing on Tuberculosis case detection. The study is a retrospective quasi experimental with quantitative arm. The study was conducted in Abia State, one of the South Eastern States of Nigeria. A pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection and analyzed with SPSS. A total of 168 and 162 index cases of TB were recruited for both intervention and control facilities. The 168 index TB cases yielded 301 TB contacts. The result revealed 55% contact/index ratio, presumptive TB yield of 130 (43.2%) and TB yield of 68 (22.6%). The cases registered in the State increased from 336 to 417 and p value = 0.001, while presumptive TB and BCG vaccination were major predictors. The study shows that tracing contact of index TB cases is an effective and complementary method of finding undetected cases of TB.展开更多
目的利用疾病诊断相关分组(diagnosis related group,DRG)数据,分析大型公立医院重点科室病组结构及变化趋势,探究科室病组干预及优化重点,进而推动科室资源合理统筹。方法回顾性收集北京市某大型公立医院2个外科科室2017—2023年的DRG...目的利用疾病诊断相关分组(diagnosis related group,DRG)数据,分析大型公立医院重点科室病组结构及变化趋势,探究科室病组干预及优化重点,进而推动科室资源合理统筹。方法回顾性收集北京市某大型公立医院2个外科科室2017—2023年的DRG数据。在2个外科科室病例组合指数(case mix index,CMI)出现下降时,均及时采用绩效考核、科室宣教、院内公示等方式进行干预,观察CMI值变化,并分析其病组权重、时间消耗指数、费用消耗指数、低风险组死亡率等变化趋势。结果干预后,外科一权重较低的病组,如甲状腺大手术(KD1)收治比例明显降低,权重较高的病组,如结直肠恶性肿瘤手术(GB2)、胰腺恶性肿瘤手术(HB1)收治比例明显增加;外科二权重较低的病组,如化疗(RE1)收治比例明显降低,权重较高的病组,如肾、输尿管及膀胱恶性肿瘤的大手术(LA1)、肾上腺手术(KC1)、除恶性肿瘤大手术外的肾/输尿管/膀胱手术(LB1)、男性生殖器官恶性肿瘤手术(MA1)收治比例明显增加,2个科室均实现了CMI值上升的目标。从效率、费用、质量指标看,2个科室的时间消耗指数与费用消耗指数均显著低于1,低风险组死亡率均为0。结论大型公立医院立足实际、结合发展目标,通过合理干预,可实现CMI值提升与病组结构优化,提高医疗效率和资源合理利用。展开更多
综述了疾病诊断相关分组(Diagnosis Related Groups,DRG)的国内外发展状况、对绩效的评价方式,从护理工作量、护理不良事件、护理成本、护理职业发展方面进行梳理,阐释了DRG对护理管理产生的影响,并针对DRG改革下护理绩效模式、护士分...综述了疾病诊断相关分组(Diagnosis Related Groups,DRG)的国内外发展状况、对绩效的评价方式,从护理工作量、护理不良事件、护理成本、护理职业发展方面进行梳理,阐释了DRG对护理管理产生的影响,并针对DRG改革下护理绩效模式、护士分级、预测护士数量、平衡护理成本、提升护理工作效率等方面提出护理管理策略,以期促进护理管理者探索护理管理新模式。展开更多
BACKGROUND Wilson disease (WD) is a rare copper metabolism disorder with symptoms including hepatic disorders, neuropsychiatric abnormalities, Kayser-Fleischer rings, and hemolysis in association with acute liver fail...BACKGROUND Wilson disease (WD) is a rare copper metabolism disorder with symptoms including hepatic disorders, neuropsychiatric abnormalities, Kayser-Fleischer rings, and hemolysis in association with acute liver failure (ALF). Osteoarthritis is a rare manifestation of WD. We experienced a case of WD with arthritic pain in the knee and liver cirrhosis. Here, we report the clinical course in a WD patient with arthritic pain and liver cirrhosis receiving combination therapy with Zn and a chelator and discuss the cause of arthritic pain. CASE SUMMARY We present an 11-year-old boy who developed osteoarthritis symptoms and ALF, with a New Wilson Index Score (NWIS) of 12. He was diagnosed with WD with decreased serum ceruloplasmin and copper levels, increased urinary copper excretion, and ATP7B gene mutations detected on gene analysis. There was improvement in the liver cirrhosis, leading to almost normal liver function and liver imaging, one year after receiving combination therapy with Zn and a chelator. Moreover, his arthritic pain transiently deteriorated but eventually improved with a decrease in the blood alkaline phosphatase levels following treatment. CONCLUSION Patients with WD who develop ALF with an NWIS > 11 may survive after treatment with Zn and chelators, without liver transplantation, when they present with mild hyperbilirubinemia and stage ≤ II hepatic encephalopathy. Osteoarthritis symptoms may improve with long-term Zn and chelator therapy without correlation of liver function in WD.展开更多
文摘Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a form of Gender Base Violence (GBV) where an intimate partner perpetrates violence. In the HIV care continua which has the aim of achieving epidemic control based on the goals defined by UNAIDS, 95% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) have to know their HIV status, 95% initiated ARV treatment and 95% are virally suppressed in order to achieve epidemic control. One of the evidence-based strategies used for achieving an optimal number of PLHIV who know their HIV status is the Index Case Testing Strategy (ICT). While the ICT strategy helps the achievement of epidemic control, its implementation increases the incidence of IPV among either serodiscordant or concordant couples. Tackling information about IPV is very sensitive. A review of the literature on the management of HIV patient information has shown that shifting from paper-based management of HIV patient information to computerized Electronic Medical Records (EMR) systems, using software such as OPEN MRS has significantly improved the management of HIV patient information with high-level confidentiality of patient information. The reviews showed that the EMR systems put in place to manage HIV patient information need to integrate the stages used for the management of IPV among PLHIV.
文摘BACKGROUND In the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,when children remain home-confined secondary to the closure of schools,little is known of the burden of the parents being their index case.AIM To determine the prevalence of parents being the index case of COVID-19 infected children.METHODS A database search in PubMed and Scopus ensued to recruit studies reporting the index case information of COVID-19 infected individuals aged≤18.The reviewed articles'quality evaluation included the use of the National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute's tool.A random-effect meta-analysis ensued to determine the prevalence of the parent being and not-being the index case.Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 and Chi2 statistics.The publication bias was evaluated by funnel plots and Egger’s test.RESULTS Overall,this review included 13 eligible studies sourcing data from 622 children of 33 nations.Study designs were heterogeneous and primarily included descriptive reports(38.4%).The prevalence of parent being the index case was 54%(95%CI:0.29-0.79;I2:62.3%,Chi2 P<0.001).In>70%of children,their indexcase parent was symptomatic due to COVID-19 at the time of infection transmitting.Studies for which a risk of bias assessment was possible were of fair quality.CONCLUSION There is a substantial global burden of parents being the index case of COVID-19 infected children,and frequently these parents are symptomatic.Therefore,from a public health perspective,early detection of these parents is crucial.
文摘Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease that has impacted negatively on human history. The biology of the mycobacterium tuberculosis is complicated and has affected the control as well as elimination of the disease. Nigeria is one of the countries with high incidence and prevalence of TB. The late and low case detection has been a major problem with National TB control program, caused by passive case finding strategy practiced by the country. A shift from the passive and active case search has been recommended for detection of missing cases of TB and improved program performance. The proximity of TB contact is a major determinant of disease transmission. However, maximizing early case detection and prompt treatment of notified cases is very useful in (TB) control especially in high burden countries. The tracking of TB contacts provides a good platform for early diagnosis, educating the household on TB disease and infection control as well as breaking the chain of transmission. The objective of the study is to ascertain effectiveness of contact tracing on Tuberculosis case detection. The study is a retrospective quasi experimental with quantitative arm. The study was conducted in Abia State, one of the South Eastern States of Nigeria. A pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection and analyzed with SPSS. A total of 168 and 162 index cases of TB were recruited for both intervention and control facilities. The 168 index TB cases yielded 301 TB contacts. The result revealed 55% contact/index ratio, presumptive TB yield of 130 (43.2%) and TB yield of 68 (22.6%). The cases registered in the State increased from 336 to 417 and p value = 0.001, while presumptive TB and BCG vaccination were major predictors. The study shows that tracing contact of index TB cases is an effective and complementary method of finding undetected cases of TB.
文摘目的利用疾病诊断相关分组(diagnosis related group,DRG)数据,分析大型公立医院重点科室病组结构及变化趋势,探究科室病组干预及优化重点,进而推动科室资源合理统筹。方法回顾性收集北京市某大型公立医院2个外科科室2017—2023年的DRG数据。在2个外科科室病例组合指数(case mix index,CMI)出现下降时,均及时采用绩效考核、科室宣教、院内公示等方式进行干预,观察CMI值变化,并分析其病组权重、时间消耗指数、费用消耗指数、低风险组死亡率等变化趋势。结果干预后,外科一权重较低的病组,如甲状腺大手术(KD1)收治比例明显降低,权重较高的病组,如结直肠恶性肿瘤手术(GB2)、胰腺恶性肿瘤手术(HB1)收治比例明显增加;外科二权重较低的病组,如化疗(RE1)收治比例明显降低,权重较高的病组,如肾、输尿管及膀胱恶性肿瘤的大手术(LA1)、肾上腺手术(KC1)、除恶性肿瘤大手术外的肾/输尿管/膀胱手术(LB1)、男性生殖器官恶性肿瘤手术(MA1)收治比例明显增加,2个科室均实现了CMI值上升的目标。从效率、费用、质量指标看,2个科室的时间消耗指数与费用消耗指数均显著低于1,低风险组死亡率均为0。结论大型公立医院立足实际、结合发展目标,通过合理干预,可实现CMI值提升与病组结构优化,提高医疗效率和资源合理利用。
文摘综述了疾病诊断相关分组(Diagnosis Related Groups,DRG)的国内外发展状况、对绩效的评价方式,从护理工作量、护理不良事件、护理成本、护理职业发展方面进行梳理,阐释了DRG对护理管理产生的影响,并针对DRG改革下护理绩效模式、护士分级、预测护士数量、平衡护理成本、提升护理工作效率等方面提出护理管理策略,以期促进护理管理者探索护理管理新模式。
文摘BACKGROUND Wilson disease (WD) is a rare copper metabolism disorder with symptoms including hepatic disorders, neuropsychiatric abnormalities, Kayser-Fleischer rings, and hemolysis in association with acute liver failure (ALF). Osteoarthritis is a rare manifestation of WD. We experienced a case of WD with arthritic pain in the knee and liver cirrhosis. Here, we report the clinical course in a WD patient with arthritic pain and liver cirrhosis receiving combination therapy with Zn and a chelator and discuss the cause of arthritic pain. CASE SUMMARY We present an 11-year-old boy who developed osteoarthritis symptoms and ALF, with a New Wilson Index Score (NWIS) of 12. He was diagnosed with WD with decreased serum ceruloplasmin and copper levels, increased urinary copper excretion, and ATP7B gene mutations detected on gene analysis. There was improvement in the liver cirrhosis, leading to almost normal liver function and liver imaging, one year after receiving combination therapy with Zn and a chelator. Moreover, his arthritic pain transiently deteriorated but eventually improved with a decrease in the blood alkaline phosphatase levels following treatment. CONCLUSION Patients with WD who develop ALF with an NWIS > 11 may survive after treatment with Zn and chelators, without liver transplantation, when they present with mild hyperbilirubinemia and stage ≤ II hepatic encephalopathy. Osteoarthritis symptoms may improve with long-term Zn and chelator therapy without correlation of liver function in WD.
