Castanopsis sclerophylla was surveyed for its root turion capacity on Laoshan Island in Zhejiang Pro- vince and dispersion patterns of seedlings, genetic diversity and genetic variation coefficient was studied using a...Castanopsis sclerophylla was surveyed for its root turion capacity on Laoshan Island in Zhejiang Pro- vince and dispersion patterns of seedlings, genetic diversity and genetic variation coefficient was studied using a SSR （simple sequence repeat） molecular marker technique to explore the genetic diversity of C. sclerophylla （Lindl.） Schott as a community and evaluate the community＇s development. The results showed that C. sclerophylla had strong root turion capacity, of which type Re2 was the most frequent, accounting for 32.4 and 82.4 % of the seedlings under the stock plant were from within-community mating; the 6 pairs of SSR primers chosen yielded high resolution with 97.6 % polymorphic sites; the within-community genetic diversity was over 88.9 % with stock plants （0.49） 〉 seedling plants （0.45）. Apparently, C. scerophyllan on Laoshan Island, propagating mainly by root tufions, has developed high genetic diversity within a short period, keeping the community in a stage of stable growth and moving toward a climax community. The tillers, however, aggravate closing of the community so that it receives less pollen from outside. Within-community mating is thus reaching seriously high levels, which can lead to lower within-community genetic variation, a decline in DNA genetic diversity, and is bad for its development. Therefore, human interference should be taken to expand genetic exchange among communities.展开更多
Genetic diversity and population genetic structure in 188 individuals from five natural populations of Castampsis fargesii Franch. were studied by RAPD markers. Three hundred and eighty-five loci were identified with ...Genetic diversity and population genetic structure in 188 individuals from five natural populations of Castampsis fargesii Franch. were studied by RAPD markers. Three hundred and eighty-five loci were identified with 41 oligonucleotide primers, out of which 157 loci were polymorphic and accounted for 40.78% of total genetic diversity at species level. Shannon's indices of diversity (I) and Nei's gene diversity ( h) were 0.459 7 and 0.296 at the species level, respectively. The result showed that genetic variation of C. fargesii populations mainly existed within populations. Genetic differentiation (Hsp-hpop)/Hsp estimated with Shannon's index of diversity and coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst) were 0.047 6 and 0.042 9 respectively, which were confirmed by the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). Therefore, it is apparent that within-population variation accounted for 94.97% and among-populations variation accounted for only 5.03% of the total genetic diversity. AMOVA also indicated that there was significant differentiation among populations as well as among individuals within a population.展开更多
Amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)was used to analyze 2 populations: Schima superba Gardn. et Champ. and Castanopsis chinensis Hance. across three different communities representing three succession ...Amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)was used to analyze 2 populations: Schima superba Gardn. et Champ. and Castanopsis chinensis Hance. across three different communities representing three succession stages, in Dinghu Mountain, China. These two were middle succession species in the lower subtropical broad_leaved forest. Four AFLP primer combinations using total 48 individuals of S. superba provided 24, 40, 27 and 27 reliable bands, of which 15, 23, 23 and 16 were polymorphic, respectively. Similarly, total 48 individuals of C. chinensis provided 27, 20, 33 and 39 reliable bands, of which 12, 5, 15 and 13 were polymorphic respectively. These bands were used as presence/absence data to assess the levels of genetic variation and population structure of those species. From average heterozygosity, S. superba possessed higher molecular variation than C. chinensis . Analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA)indicated that most of the genetic variation of S. superba was due to the differences within population(95.99%, P <0.001), with 4.01% ( P <0.001)genetic variation among population. Similarly, AMOVA indicated the most of the genetic variation of C. chinensis was due to the differences within population(75.36%, P <0.001), with 24.64%( P <0.001)genetic variation among communities(24.64%). DCA(Detrended Correspondence Analysis) analysis showed that the individuals of S. superba from the same community did not cluster together, while the individuals of C. chinensis from the same community roughly cluster together. The above results reflected the biological characteristics of the two different species suggesting the significant effect of microenvironment of different community on population differentiation and its relationship of which to forest succession resulted in genetic divergence.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the genetic variation of wild and cultivated populations of Castanopsis hystrix. [Method] Genetic variation of five wild populations and three cultivated populations of Cast...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the genetic variation of wild and cultivated populations of Castanopsis hystrix. [Method] Genetic variation of five wild populations and three cultivated populations of Castanopsis hystrix, was investigated with ISSR-PCR amplification. Totally, 151 individuals were selected and analyzed by amplification using nine pairs of ISSR primers screened. [Result] Each primer pair produced 7-20 bands and 122 polymorphic bands were obtained. At population level, ISSR diversity in the wild populations (P=59.84%, HPOP=0.182 7, I=0.285 6) was higher than which in cultivated ones (P=54.87%, HPOP=0.136 6, and I=0.219 8). The genetic differentiation coefficient among wild populations (GST) was 0.99. The similar population structure was found in three cultivated populations (GST=0.127 5). According to the UPGMA cluster analysis, the genetic distance among wild populations became larger with the increase of geographical distance. [Conclusion] Compared with other seed plants, with either a similar life history or various breeding system attributes, relatively low level of genetic diversity was observed in these five wild populations, which was caused by population size reduction and habitat fragmentation related to human activities. The formation of population structure may be explained by the species’ breeding system.展开更多
The greenness （SPAD） of uneven-aged leaves of dominant species in the Castanopsis carlessi forest at different altitude gradients in Lingshishan National Forest Park, Fujian Province, China were measured by using po...The greenness （SPAD） of uneven-aged leaves of dominant species in the Castanopsis carlessi forest at different altitude gradients in Lingshishan National Forest Park, Fujian Province, China were measured by using portable chlorophyll meter SPAD-502. In addition, the correlation between SPAD value and the concentration of chlorophyll and foliar nitrogen was also investigated. Significant variations in SPAD values were found between the uneven-aged leaves of different dominant species and different altitude gradients. Regression analysis showed that SPAD value was significantly correlated with the concentration of chlorophyll and the content of foliar nitrogen, indicating that SPAD value could be indicators for foliar chlorophyll and nitrogen. It is suggested that SPAD meter is a useful tool for forest assessments in decision-making and operational nutrient management programs.展开更多
Castanopsis tibetana of five different provenances （Jinxiu, Longsheng, Ziyuan, Hezhou and Leye） were selected as experimental materials to investigate the effects of treatments combining different root lengths and c...Castanopsis tibetana of five different provenances （Jinxiu, Longsheng, Ziyuan, Hezhou and Leye） were selected as experimental materials to investigate the effects of treatments combining different root lengths and contents of rooting agent on the growth of C. tibetana after transplanting of seedlings. The results showed that, there were significant differences in the preserving rate of C. tibetana seedlings between different provenances and different treatments. Among the 5 treatments, the seedlings of Hezhou provenance showed the maximum annual increment of ground diameter, and the seedlings of Ziyuan provenance exhibited the maximum annual increment of seedling height. Therefore, the germplasm from Hezhou provenance might be better than those from other provenances.展开更多
The amount of carbon returned through litterfall and its seasonal pattern were studied in a natural forest of Castanopsis kawakamii (NF) and adjacent monoculture plantations of C. kawakamii (CK) and Chinese fir (Cunni...The amount of carbon returned through litterfall and its seasonal pattern were studied in a natural forest of Castanopsis kawakamii (NF) and adjacent monoculture plantations of C. kawakamii (CK) and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) (CF) in Sanming, Fujian Province, China. Mean annual carbon return through total litterfall over 3 years (from 1999 to 2001) was 5.097 t穐m2 in the NF, 4.337 t穐m2 in the CK and 2.502 t穐m2 in the CF respectively. Of the total carbon return in the three forests, leaf contribution accounted for 58.96%, 68.53% and 56.12% and twig 24.41%, 22.34% and 26.18%, respectively. The seasonal patterns of carbon return from total litterfall and leaf-litter were quite similar among the three forests. A peak of carbon input from litterfall in the NF and the CK occurred in spring except for the highest annual C return through branch litter of the NF in summer, while the CF showed the maximum C return in summer. The results of this study demonstrate that the natural forest has a greater C return through litterfall than monoculture plantations, which is beneficial to the increase of soil organic matter storage and the maintenance of soil fertility.展开更多
The concentrations and seasonal dynamics of DOC in forest floors of monoculture plantations of Castanopsis kawakamii and Chinese fir （Cunninghamia lanceolata） were assessed in Sanming, Fujian, China （26°11′30...The concentrations and seasonal dynamics of DOC in forest floors of monoculture plantations of Castanopsis kawakamii and Chinese fir （Cunninghamia lanceolata） were assessed in Sanming, Fujian, China （26°11′30″N, 117°26′00″E）. Forest floor samples were taken in January, April, July and October in 2002 and divided into undecomposed material （horizon Oi）, partially decomposed organic material （horizon Oe）, and fully decomposed organic material （horizon Oa）. Upon collection. DOC concentrations of samples were analyzed by a High Temperature TOC. The results showed that the annual average DOC concentration of Chinese fir （1341.7 mg·kg^-1） in the forest floor was higher than that of Castanopsis kawakamii （ 1178.9 mg·kg^-1）. Difference in DOC concentrations was observed among three horizons of the forest floor. DOC concentration of forest floor in the two forests was the highest in horizon Oe. Seasonal trends of DOC concentrations in different horizons of forest floors were similar and the maximal value occurred in autumn （or winter）. The concentration and temporal change of DOC in studied forests were probably related to the variation in moisture, temperature, biological activity and quantity of organic matter in the forest floor.展开更多
This paper studies the growth law of 23-year-old Castanopsis fissa planta- tion in Haiming forest farm （Pingguo County, Baise City, Guangxi Province） with the method of stem analysis. The results show that the avera...This paper studies the growth law of 23-year-old Castanopsis fissa planta- tion in Haiming forest farm （Pingguo County, Baise City, Guangxi Province） with the method of stem analysis. The results show that the average DBH, tree height and volume of the 23-year-old C. fissa plantation are 19.4 cm, 20.4 m and 0.326 1 m3 respectively. The fast growing periods of DBH, tree height and volume are the 2^nd- 8^th, 6^th-11^th, 6^th-23^nd year. Annual increment curve and average increment curve of volume haven＇t intersected in the 23 years, which means the 23-year-old C. fissais plantation has not reached the quantitative mature age. The growth equations of DBH, tree height and volume are D=1.713 3T-0.050 6T2＋0.000 7T2-1.942 2, H= 1.925 7T-0.039 8T2-2.489 0, V=-0.010 4T-0.002 4T2-4.084 8e^-0.005 T2＋0.012 7. Ac- cording to the volume regression equation of Castanopsis fissa, it will reach quanti- tative maturity in the 24~ year.展开更多
Castanopsis fargesii is a good afforestation plants and various microorganisms play important roles in mediating the growth and ecological functions of this species.In this study,we evaluated changes in microbial comm...Castanopsis fargesii is a good afforestation plants and various microorganisms play important roles in mediating the growth and ecological functions of this species.In this study,we evaluated changes in microbial communities in soil samples from C.fargesii forests.The phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA)biomarker method was used to obtain bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes,gram-positive bacteria(G?),gram-negative bacteria(G-),aerobic bacteria,and anaerobic bacteria to investigate spatiotemporal changes in microbial communities during the growing season.The results show that soil microorganisms were mainly concentrated in the upper 20-cm layer,demonstrating an obvious surface aggregation(P<0.05).Large amounts of litter and heavy rainfall during the early growing season resulted in the highest PLFA contents for various microorganisms,whereas relatively low and stable levels were observed during other times.The dominant species during each period were bacteria.G+ or aerobic bacteria were the main bacterial populations,providing insights into the overall trends of soil bacterial PLFA contents.Due to the relative accumulation of refractory substances during the later stages of litter decomposition,the effects of fungi increased significantly.Overall,our findings demonstrate that the main factors influencing microbial communities were litter,rainfall,and soil field capacity.展开更多
Both the stoichiometric characteristics and leaf functional traits can reflect the adaptability of plants to changes in the external living environment.In particular,for varying aged forest plants,the study of stoichi...Both the stoichiometric characteristics and leaf functional traits can reflect the adaptability of plants to changes in the external living environment.In particular,for varying aged forest plants,the study of stoichiometric characteristics and leaf functional traits can reflect the plant’s life history strategy and its resource investment and allocation methods.In this paper,the 1.5-year-old,5-year-old,15-year-old and 20-year-old Castanopsis hystrix were selected as the research objects to investigate the trends of stoichiometry and leaf functional traits,and their synergistic changes were verified.The results showed that with the increase of age,the stability of C.hystrix stoichiometry gradually increased,and the functional traits also tended to invest in security.However,there was no synergistic change between the two,which might be attributed to the different sensitivity of the C.hystrix leaf to the environment at the life history level of 1.5-year-old to 20-year-old.展开更多
基金funded by the Key Project of Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province(2006C12059-3)National Natural Science and Technology Resources Platform Project of China(2006DKA21003-09)
文摘Castanopsis sclerophylla was surveyed for its root turion capacity on Laoshan Island in Zhejiang Pro- vince and dispersion patterns of seedlings, genetic diversity and genetic variation coefficient was studied using a SSR （simple sequence repeat） molecular marker technique to explore the genetic diversity of C. sclerophylla （Lindl.） Schott as a community and evaluate the community＇s development. The results showed that C. sclerophylla had strong root turion capacity, of which type Re2 was the most frequent, accounting for 32.4 and 82.4 % of the seedlings under the stock plant were from within-community mating; the 6 pairs of SSR primers chosen yielded high resolution with 97.6 % polymorphic sites; the within-community genetic diversity was over 88.9 % with stock plants （0.49） 〉 seedling plants （0.45）. Apparently, C. scerophyllan on Laoshan Island, propagating mainly by root tufions, has developed high genetic diversity within a short period, keeping the community in a stage of stable growth and moving toward a climax community. The tillers, however, aggravate closing of the community so that it receives less pollen from outside. Within-community mating is thus reaching seriously high levels, which can lead to lower within-community genetic variation, a decline in DNA genetic diversity, and is bad for its development. Therefore, human interference should be taken to expand genetic exchange among communities.
文摘Genetic diversity and population genetic structure in 188 individuals from five natural populations of Castampsis fargesii Franch. were studied by RAPD markers. Three hundred and eighty-five loci were identified with 41 oligonucleotide primers, out of which 157 loci were polymorphic and accounted for 40.78% of total genetic diversity at species level. Shannon's indices of diversity (I) and Nei's gene diversity ( h) were 0.459 7 and 0.296 at the species level, respectively. The result showed that genetic variation of C. fargesii populations mainly existed within populations. Genetic differentiation (Hsp-hpop)/Hsp estimated with Shannon's index of diversity and coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst) were 0.047 6 and 0.042 9 respectively, which were confirmed by the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). Therefore, it is apparent that within-population variation accounted for 94.97% and among-populations variation accounted for only 5.03% of the total genetic diversity. AMOVA also indicated that there was significant differentiation among populations as well as among individuals within a population.
基金TheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina (No .39670 1 36) PhDFund (No .980 5580 8)ofMinistryofEducationP .R .China Center
文摘Amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)was used to analyze 2 populations: Schima superba Gardn. et Champ. and Castanopsis chinensis Hance. across three different communities representing three succession stages, in Dinghu Mountain, China. These two were middle succession species in the lower subtropical broad_leaved forest. Four AFLP primer combinations using total 48 individuals of S. superba provided 24, 40, 27 and 27 reliable bands, of which 15, 23, 23 and 16 were polymorphic, respectively. Similarly, total 48 individuals of C. chinensis provided 27, 20, 33 and 39 reliable bands, of which 12, 5, 15 and 13 were polymorphic respectively. These bands were used as presence/absence data to assess the levels of genetic variation and population structure of those species. From average heterozygosity, S. superba possessed higher molecular variation than C. chinensis . Analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA)indicated that most of the genetic variation of S. superba was due to the differences within population(95.99%, P <0.001), with 4.01% ( P <0.001)genetic variation among population. Similarly, AMOVA indicated the most of the genetic variation of C. chinensis was due to the differences within population(75.36%, P <0.001), with 24.64%( P <0.001)genetic variation among communities(24.64%). DCA(Detrended Correspondence Analysis) analysis showed that the individuals of S. superba from the same community did not cluster together, while the individuals of C. chinensis from the same community roughly cluster together. The above results reflected the biological characteristics of the two different species suggesting the significant effect of microenvironment of different community on population differentiation and its relationship of which to forest succession resulted in genetic divergence.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the genetic variation of wild and cultivated populations of Castanopsis hystrix. [Method] Genetic variation of five wild populations and three cultivated populations of Castanopsis hystrix, was investigated with ISSR-PCR amplification. Totally, 151 individuals were selected and analyzed by amplification using nine pairs of ISSR primers screened. [Result] Each primer pair produced 7-20 bands and 122 polymorphic bands were obtained. At population level, ISSR diversity in the wild populations (P=59.84%, HPOP=0.182 7, I=0.285 6) was higher than which in cultivated ones (P=54.87%, HPOP=0.136 6, and I=0.219 8). The genetic differentiation coefficient among wild populations (GST) was 0.99. The similar population structure was found in three cultivated populations (GST=0.127 5). According to the UPGMA cluster analysis, the genetic distance among wild populations became larger with the increase of geographical distance. [Conclusion] Compared with other seed plants, with either a similar life history or various breeding system attributes, relatively low level of genetic diversity was observed in these five wild populations, which was caused by population size reduction and habitat fragmentation related to human activities. The formation of population structure may be explained by the species’ breeding system.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No: 30671664)
文摘The greenness （SPAD） of uneven-aged leaves of dominant species in the Castanopsis carlessi forest at different altitude gradients in Lingshishan National Forest Park, Fujian Province, China were measured by using portable chlorophyll meter SPAD-502. In addition, the correlation between SPAD value and the concentration of chlorophyll and foliar nitrogen was also investigated. Significant variations in SPAD values were found between the uneven-aged leaves of different dominant species and different altitude gradients. Regression analysis showed that SPAD value was significantly correlated with the concentration of chlorophyll and the content of foliar nitrogen, indicating that SPAD value could be indicators for foliar chlorophyll and nitrogen. It is suggested that SPAD meter is a useful tool for forest assessments in decision-making and operational nutrient management programs.
文摘Castanopsis tibetana of five different provenances （Jinxiu, Longsheng, Ziyuan, Hezhou and Leye） were selected as experimental materials to investigate the effects of treatments combining different root lengths and contents of rooting agent on the growth of C. tibetana after transplanting of seedlings. The results showed that, there were significant differences in the preserving rate of C. tibetana seedlings between different provenances and different treatments. Among the 5 treatments, the seedlings of Hezhou provenance showed the maximum annual increment of ground diameter, and the seedlings of Ziyuan provenance exhibited the maximum annual increment of seedling height. Therefore, the germplasm from Hezhou provenance might be better than those from other provenances.
基金Supported by the Teaching and Research Award Program of MOE P.R.C. (TRAPOYT) and the Key Basic Research Project of Fujian Province (2000F004)
文摘The amount of carbon returned through litterfall and its seasonal pattern were studied in a natural forest of Castanopsis kawakamii (NF) and adjacent monoculture plantations of C. kawakamii (CK) and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) (CF) in Sanming, Fujian Province, China. Mean annual carbon return through total litterfall over 3 years (from 1999 to 2001) was 5.097 t穐m2 in the NF, 4.337 t穐m2 in the CK and 2.502 t穐m2 in the CF respectively. Of the total carbon return in the three forests, leaf contribution accounted for 58.96%, 68.53% and 56.12% and twig 24.41%, 22.34% and 26.18%, respectively. The seasonal patterns of carbon return from total litterfall and leaf-litter were quite similar among the three forests. A peak of carbon input from litterfall in the NF and the CK occurred in spring except for the highest annual C return through branch litter of the NF in summer, while the CF showed the maximum C return in summer. The results of this study demonstrate that the natural forest has a greater C return through litterfall than monoculture plantations, which is beneficial to the increase of soil organic matter storage and the maintenance of soil fertility.
基金This study was supported by the Teaching and Research Award program for MOE P.R.C. (TRAPOYT)
文摘The concentrations and seasonal dynamics of DOC in forest floors of monoculture plantations of Castanopsis kawakamii and Chinese fir （Cunninghamia lanceolata） were assessed in Sanming, Fujian, China （26°11′30″N, 117°26′00″E）. Forest floor samples were taken in January, April, July and October in 2002 and divided into undecomposed material （horizon Oi）, partially decomposed organic material （horizon Oe）, and fully decomposed organic material （horizon Oa）. Upon collection. DOC concentrations of samples were analyzed by a High Temperature TOC. The results showed that the annual average DOC concentration of Chinese fir （1341.7 mg·kg^-1） in the forest floor was higher than that of Castanopsis kawakamii （ 1178.9 mg·kg^-1）. Difference in DOC concentrations was observed among three horizons of the forest floor. DOC concentration of forest floor in the two forests was the highest in horizon Oe. Seasonal trends of DOC concentrations in different horizons of forest floors were similar and the maximal value occurred in autumn （or winter）. The concentration and temporal change of DOC in studied forests were probably related to the variation in moisture, temperature, biological activity and quantity of organic matter in the forest floor.
基金Supported by Guangxi Forestry Science and Technology Project~~
文摘This paper studies the growth law of 23-year-old Castanopsis fissa planta- tion in Haiming forest farm （Pingguo County, Baise City, Guangxi Province） with the method of stem analysis. The results show that the average DBH, tree height and volume of the 23-year-old C. fissa plantation are 19.4 cm, 20.4 m and 0.326 1 m3 respectively. The fast growing periods of DBH, tree height and volume are the 2^nd- 8^th, 6^th-11^th, 6^th-23^nd year. Annual increment curve and average increment curve of volume haven＇t intersected in the 23 years, which means the 23-year-old C. fissais plantation has not reached the quantitative mature age. The growth equations of DBH, tree height and volume are D=1.713 3T-0.050 6T2＋0.000 7T2-1.942 2, H= 1.925 7T-0.039 8T2-2.489 0, V=-0.010 4T-0.002 4T2-4.084 8e^-0.005 T2＋0.012 7. Ac- cording to the volume regression equation of Castanopsis fissa, it will reach quanti- tative maturity in the 24~ year.
基金This study was supported by the Science and Technology Basic Work Special(No 2014FY120700).
文摘Castanopsis fargesii is a good afforestation plants and various microorganisms play important roles in mediating the growth and ecological functions of this species.In this study,we evaluated changes in microbial communities in soil samples from C.fargesii forests.The phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA)biomarker method was used to obtain bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes,gram-positive bacteria(G?),gram-negative bacteria(G-),aerobic bacteria,and anaerobic bacteria to investigate spatiotemporal changes in microbial communities during the growing season.The results show that soil microorganisms were mainly concentrated in the upper 20-cm layer,demonstrating an obvious surface aggregation(P<0.05).Large amounts of litter and heavy rainfall during the early growing season resulted in the highest PLFA contents for various microorganisms,whereas relatively low and stable levels were observed during other times.The dominant species during each period were bacteria.G+ or aerobic bacteria were the main bacterial populations,providing insights into the overall trends of soil bacterial PLFA contents.Due to the relative accumulation of refractory substances during the later stages of litter decomposition,the effects of fungi increased significantly.Overall,our findings demonstrate that the main factors influencing microbial communities were litter,rainfall,and soil field capacity.
基金Provincial Science and Technology Research Project of Guangdong(2014KJcx022).
文摘Both the stoichiometric characteristics and leaf functional traits can reflect the adaptability of plants to changes in the external living environment.In particular,for varying aged forest plants,the study of stoichiometric characteristics and leaf functional traits can reflect the plant’s life history strategy and its resource investment and allocation methods.In this paper,the 1.5-year-old,5-year-old,15-year-old and 20-year-old Castanopsis hystrix were selected as the research objects to investigate the trends of stoichiometry and leaf functional traits,and their synergistic changes were verified.The results showed that with the increase of age,the stability of C.hystrix stoichiometry gradually increased,and the functional traits also tended to invest in security.However,there was no synergistic change between the two,which might be attributed to the different sensitivity of the C.hystrix leaf to the environment at the life history level of 1.5-year-old to 20-year-old.
