Optoelectronic imaging equipment is easy to expose to active laser detection devices because of ＂cat eye＂ effect. In this paper, we propose a new structure of optical system to reduce the retroreflector effect of a ...Optoelectronic imaging equipment is easy to expose to active laser detection devices because of ＂cat eye＂ effect. In this paper, we propose a new structure of optical system to reduce the retroreflector effect of a cat eye target. Decentered field lens structure is adopted in the design without sacrificing imaging quality and clear aperture. An imaging system with±30° field of view is taken for example. The detailed design and simulation results are presented. The results indicate that this kind of optical system can reduce the retroreflection signal substantially and maintain acceptable imaging performance.展开更多
Infrared （IR） absorption spectra and X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） patterrns of sexpenfine cat＇s eye from Sichuan Province have been investigated, and infrared absorption bands of the serpentine have been assign...Infrared （IR） absorption spectra and X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） patterrns of sexpenfine cat＇s eye from Sichuan Province have been investigated, and infrared absorption bands of the serpentine have been assigned in this paper. The results indicate that the bands near 3 600 - 3 700 cm^-1 belong to the stretching absorption band VOH, the bands in 948 - 1 100 cm^-1 axe assigned to the stretching vibraling band Usvo, and the bands at 600 570 and 440 cm^-1 respectively belong to the bending vibration band VOH, δMg-O and δSi-O. The serpentine cat＇ s eye includes two types： chrysotile and antigorite. Chrysotile has a sharp and intensive band at 3 688 cm^-1 and a weak band at 3 643 cm^-1 , while antigorite has only one intensive band in the region. At vibration band VSi-O, chrysotile and antigorite have a similar feature at 1 071 cm^-1, but the band at 980 cm^-1 in anfigorite has been split into two bands in chrysotile - a strong one at 1 027 cm^-1 and a weak one at 949 cm^-1. In addition, antigorite has a characteristic bending vibrating band δMg-O at 570 cm^-1. Based on the analysis of the feature of crystal structure, their IR differences axe well explained.展开更多
Northrop Frye' s four narrative forms:romance,tragedy,irony,and comedy can help explain the problematic structure of Margaret Atwood' s novel Cat' s Eye,in which the narrative,as well as certain other lite...Northrop Frye' s four narrative forms:romance,tragedy,irony,and comedy can help explain the problematic structure of Margaret Atwood' s novel Cat' s Eye,in which the narrative,as well as certain other literary features,indicates that it is essentially a come dy - a story of how a hero forms a desirable new society in the face of strong opposition.But this comedy is also ironic.展开更多
Acetyltransferases,required to transfer an acetyl group on protein are highly conserved proteins that play a crucial role in development and disease.Protein acetylation is a common post-translational modification pivo...Acetyltransferases,required to transfer an acetyl group on protein are highly conserved proteins that play a crucial role in development and disease.Protein acetylation is a common post-translational modification pivotal to basic cellular processes.Close to 80%-90%of proteins are acetylated during translation,which is an irreversible process that affects protein structure,function,life,and localization.In this review,we have discussed the various N-acetyltransferases present in humans,their function,and how they might play a role in diseases.Furthermore,we have focused on N-acetyltransferase 9 and its role in microtubule stability.We have shed light on how N-acetyltransferase 9 and acetylation of proteins can potentially play a role in neurodegenerative diseases.We have specifically discussed the N-acetyltransferase 9-acetylation independent function and regulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling and microtubule stability during development and neurodegeneration.展开更多
The article describes 6 types of gemstones which show phenomena such as chatoyancy and asterism.The gemstones have not been described before,either because they come from new sources,or because the phenomenon has not ...The article describes 6 types of gemstones which show phenomena such as chatoyancy and asterism.The gemstones have not been described before,either because they come from new sources,or because the phenomenon has not been seen before in the type of gemstone described.Gems from the new sources are star garnet from the Karelia Province in Russia,and star garnet from the Jiangsu Province in China.Grandidierite usually does not show a cat’s eye effect,but the two described samples display a weak cat’s eye.An unusual white quartz from Brazil with a sharp cat’s eye is described,as well as a star sapphire with two differently coloured stars on each side of the cabochon,as well as a trapiche-type quartz.The stones were tested with gemmological,microscopic,and advanced techniques and the results are presented.展开更多
The intestinal microbiota is the collection of the living microorganisms(bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses) inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. Novel bacterial identification approaches have revealed that the ...The intestinal microbiota is the collection of the living microorganisms(bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses) inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. Novel bacterial identification approaches have revealed that the gastrointestinal microbiota of dogs and cats is, similarly to humans, a highly complex ecosystem. Studies in dogs and cats have demonstrated that acute and chronic gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), are associated with alterations in the small intestinal and fecal microbial communities. Of interest is that these alterations are generally similar to the dysbiosis observed in humans with IBD or animal models of intestinal inflammation, suggesting that microbial responses to inflammatory conditions of the gut are conserved across mammalian host types. Studies have also revealed possible underlying susceptibilities in the innate immune system of dogs and cats with IBD, which further demonstrate the intricate relationship between gut microbiota and host health. Commonly identified microbiome changes in IBD are decreases in bacterial groups within the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and increases within Proteobacteia. Furthermore, a reduction in the diversity of Clostridium clusters XIVa and IV(i.e., Lachnospiraceae and Clostridium coccoides subgroups) are associated with IBD, suggesting that these bacterial groups may play an important role in maintenance of gastrointestinal health. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the functional changes associated with intestinal dysbiosis in dogs and cats.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the effect of punctal occlusion using thermosensitive（smart plug） versus silicone plug for management of aqueous deficient dry eye on cornea sensitivity, ocular surface health and tear film stabili...AIM： To evaluate the effect of punctal occlusion using thermosensitive（smart plug） versus silicone plug for management of aqueous deficient dry eye on cornea sensitivity, ocular surface health and tear film stability.METHODS： A comparative prospective interventiona case study included 45 patients with bilateral severe form of aqueous deficient dry eye. In each patient, the smar plug was inserted in the lower punctum of the right eye which was considered as study group 1 and silicone plug was inserted in the lower punctum of the left eye o the same patient which was considered as study group2. All patients were subjected to careful history taking and questionnaire for subjective assessment of severity of symptoms. Corneal sensitivity, corneal fluorescein rose bengal staining, Schirmer＇s I test, tear film break up time and conjunctival impression cytology were performed pre and 1, 3 and 6mo post plug insertion.RESULTS： A statistically significant improvement in subjective and objective manifestations occurred following treatment with both types of plugs（P 〈0.01）The thermosensitive plug caused significant overal improvement, decrease in frequency of application o tear substitutes and improvement of conjunctiva impression cytology parameters in the inserted side（P 〈0.01）. Canaliculitis was reported in two eyes（4.4% following punctal occlusion using thermosensitive plug（study group 1）. Spontaneous plug loss occurred in 21eyes（46.6%） in the silicone plug group（study group 2）.CONCLUSION： Improvement of subjective and objective manifestations of aqueous deficient dry eye occurs following punctal plug occlusion. Thermosensitive plug has good patient＇s compliance with fewer complications and lower rates of loss compared to the silicone plug.展开更多
AIM：To compare the corneal biomechanics of Sj？gren＇s syndrome（SS） and non-SS dry eyes with Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology（CorV is ST）.METHODS：Corneal biomechanics and tear film parameters, namely...AIM：To compare the corneal biomechanics of Sj？gren＇s syndrome（SS） and non-SS dry eyes with Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology（CorV is ST）.METHODS：Corneal biomechanics and tear film parameters, namely the Schirmer I test value, tear film break-up time（TBUT） and corneal staining score（CSS） were detected in 34 eyes of 34 dry eye patients with SS（SSDE group） and 34 dry eye subjects without SS（NSSDE group） using CorV is ST. The differences of the above parameters between the two groups were examined, and the relationship between corneal biomechanics and tear film parameters were observed. RESULTS：The differences in age, sex, intraocular pressure（IOP） and central corneal thickness（CCT） were not significant between the two groups（P〉0.05）. The tear film parameters had significant differences between the SSDE group and NSSDE group（all P〈0.05）. Patients in the SSDE group had significantly lower A1-time and HC-time, but higher DA（P=0.01, 0.02, and 0.02, respectively） compared with the NSSDE group. In the SSDE group, DA was negatively correlated with TBUT（rho=-0.38, P=0.03）; HC-time was negatively correlated with CSS（rho=-0.43, P=0.02）. In the NSSDE group, HC-time was again negatively correlated with CSS（rho=-0.39, P=0.02）.CONCLUSION：There are differences in corneal biomechanical properties between SSDE and NSSDE. The cornea of SSDE tends to show less ＂stiffness＂, as seen by a significantly shorter A1-time and HC-time, but larger DA, compared with the cornea of NSSDE. Biomechanical parameters can be influenced by different tear film parameters in both groups.展开更多
Tennessee Williams is a prominent American dramatist and Poet Laureate after Eugene O’Neil.Cat on the Hot Tin Roof is praised as the pinnacle of his plays,awarded Pulitzer Prize for Drama and Drama Critics Award in 1...Tennessee Williams is a prominent American dramatist and Poet Laureate after Eugene O’Neil.Cat on the Hot Tin Roof is praised as the pinnacle of his plays,awarded Pulitzer Prize for Drama and Drama Critics Award in 1955.With the background of southern American family,the play consists of light and shade clues:the former centers on brothers’fighting for property;the latter focuses on hero Brick’s homosexual problem.The analysis of the convert of Brick’s role and thought aims at comprehending to a deep degree how Williams,a homosexual,exposes hideous humanity and hypocrisy society more thoroughly as well as shows his profound thinking of life value.展开更多
Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder(iRBD) is often a precursor to neurodegenerative disease. However, voxel-based morphological studies evaluating structural abnormalities in the brains of iRBD patie...Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder(iRBD) is often a precursor to neurodegenerative disease. However, voxel-based morphological studies evaluating structural abnormalities in the brains of iRBD patients are relatively rare. This study aimed to explore cerebral structural alterations using magnetic resonance imaging and to determine their association with clinical parameters in iRBD patients. Brain structural T1-weighted MRI scans were acquired from 19 polysomnogram-confirmed iRBD patients(male:female 16:3; mean age 66.6 ± 7.0 years) and 20 age-matched healthy controls(male:female 5:15; mean age 63.7 ± 5.9 years). Gray matter volume(GMV) data were analyzed based on Statistical Parametric Mapping 8, using a voxel-based morphometry method and two-sample t-test and multiple regression analysis. Compared with controls, iRBD patients had increased GMV in the middle temporal gyrus and cerebellar posterior lobe, but decreased GMV in the Rolandic operculum, postcentral gyrus, insular lobe, cingulate gyrus, precuneus, rectus gyrus, and superior frontal gyrus. iRBD duration was positively correlated with GMV in the precuneus, cuneus, superior parietal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, posterior cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, lingual gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and cerebellum posterior lobe. Furthermore, phasic chin electromyographic activity was positively correlated with GMV in the hippocampus, precuneus, fusiform gyrus, precentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, cuneus, inferior parietal lobule, angular gyrus, superior parietal gyrus, paracentral lobule, and cerebellar posterior lobe. There were no significant negative correlations of brain GMV with disease duration or electromyographic activity in iRBD patients. These findings expand the spectrum of known gray matter modifications in iRBD patients and provide evidence of a correlation between brain dysfunction and clinical manifestations in such patients. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Huashan Hospital(approval No. KY2013-336) on January 6, 2014. This trial was registered in the ISRCTN registry(ISRCTN18238599).展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular adenomas are rare tumors that can occur in patients with glycogen storage disease type I.CASE SUMMARY We herein report two cases of histologically proven hepatocellular adenomas in patients w...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular adenomas are rare tumors that can occur in patients with glycogen storage disease type I.CASE SUMMARY We herein report two cases of histologically proven hepatocellular adenomas in patients with glycogen storage disease type I.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)was performed after bolus injection of gadoxetate disodium,a liver-specific gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent.In the present cases,some of the hepatocellular adenomas showed unexpectedly a“bull’s eye”appearance on T2-weighted and post-contrast images,which was not previously described as imaging findings of hepatocellular adenomas in glycogen storage disease.A bull’s eye appearance on T2-weighted images can be encountered in both benign(i.e.,abscess)or malignant(i.e.,epithelioid hemangioendothelioma,cholangiocarcinoma,and metastases)hepatic lesions.CONCLUSION We present two cases of hepatocellular adenomas in patients with glycogen storage disease type 1,in which gadoxetate disodium-MRI showed atypical imaging findings for hepatocellular adenomas.At present there is no systematic study evaluating MRI findings of hepatocellular adenomas in patients with glycogen storage disease,further studies are needed to specifically investigate this issue.展开更多
Apple bull’s eye rot is caused by pathogenic Neofabraea species including N. malicorticis, N. perennans and N. alba. Fruits carrying this fungal quarantine disease are prohibited from entering China. The host plants ...Apple bull’s eye rot is caused by pathogenic Neofabraea species including N. malicorticis, N. perennans and N. alba. Fruits carrying this fungal quarantine disease are prohibited from entering China. The host plants for the pathogens include several Rosaceae fruits including apple and pear. Disease symptoms and pathogen morphology are often insufficient to determine the identity of the pathogen, particularly at the species level. In the current study, we analyzed the inter-species sequence variations in the β-tublin gene, and designed specific primers to allow PCR amplification of 554 bp fragments from pathogenic Neofabraea species. The PCR products were recovered and sequenced, and Blast search was conducted using the DNA sequences in the Genbank database. The results indicated precise PCR amplification of the target sequences from the host pathogen, which allowed unambiguous identification of the species.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.Research attempts to identify characteristic factors that are assoc...Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.Research attempts to identify characteristic factors that are associated with the presence of the AD pathology on the one hand and that increase the risk of developing AD on the other.Changes in non-rapid eye movement(NREM)sleep may meet both requirements for various reasons.First,NREM-sleep is important for optimal memory function.In addition,studies report that the presence of AD pathology is associated with NREM-sleep changes.Finally,more and more results appear to suggest that sleep problems are not only a symptom of AD but can also increase the risk of AD.Several of these studies suggest that it is primarily a lack of NREM-sleep that is responsible for this increased risk.However,the majority investigated sleep only through subjective reporting,as a result of which NREMsleep could not be analyzed separately.The aim of this literature study is therefore to present the results of the studies that relate the AD pathology and NREM-sleep(registered by electroencephalography).Furthermore,we try to evaluate whether NREM-sleep analysis could be used to support the diagnosis of AD and whether NREM-sleep deficiency could be a causal factor in the development of AD.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61471039)
文摘Optoelectronic imaging equipment is easy to expose to active laser detection devices because of ＂cat eye＂ effect. In this paper, we propose a new structure of optical system to reduce the retroreflector effect of a cat eye target. Decentered field lens structure is adopted in the design without sacrificing imaging quality and clear aperture. An imaging system with±30° field of view is taken for example. The detailed design and simulation results are presented. The results indicate that this kind of optical system can reduce the retroreflection signal substantially and maintain acceptable imaging performance.
文摘Infrared （IR） absorption spectra and X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） patterrns of sexpenfine cat＇s eye from Sichuan Province have been investigated, and infrared absorption bands of the serpentine have been assigned in this paper. The results indicate that the bands near 3 600 - 3 700 cm^-1 belong to the stretching absorption band VOH, the bands in 948 - 1 100 cm^-1 axe assigned to the stretching vibraling band Usvo, and the bands at 600 570 and 440 cm^-1 respectively belong to the bending vibration band VOH, δMg-O and δSi-O. The serpentine cat＇ s eye includes two types： chrysotile and antigorite. Chrysotile has a sharp and intensive band at 3 688 cm^-1 and a weak band at 3 643 cm^-1 , while antigorite has only one intensive band in the region. At vibration band VSi-O, chrysotile and antigorite have a similar feature at 1 071 cm^-1, but the band at 980 cm^-1 in anfigorite has been split into two bands in chrysotile - a strong one at 1 027 cm^-1 and a weak one at 949 cm^-1. In addition, antigorite has a characteristic bending vibrating band δMg-O at 570 cm^-1. Based on the analysis of the feature of crystal structure, their IR differences axe well explained.
文摘Northrop Frye' s four narrative forms:romance,tragedy,irony,and comedy can help explain the problematic structure of Margaret Atwood' s novel Cat' s Eye,in which the narrative,as well as certain other literary features,indicates that it is essentially a come dy - a story of how a hero forms a desirable new society in the face of strong opposition.But this comedy is also ironic.
基金supported by 1RO1EY032959-01 and RO1 supplement from NIH,Schuellein Chair Endowment Fund and STEM Catalyst Grant from the University of Dayton(to AS).
文摘Acetyltransferases,required to transfer an acetyl group on protein are highly conserved proteins that play a crucial role in development and disease.Protein acetylation is a common post-translational modification pivotal to basic cellular processes.Close to 80%-90%of proteins are acetylated during translation,which is an irreversible process that affects protein structure,function,life,and localization.In this review,we have discussed the various N-acetyltransferases present in humans,their function,and how they might play a role in diseases.Furthermore,we have focused on N-acetyltransferase 9 and its role in microtubule stability.We have shed light on how N-acetyltransferase 9 and acetylation of proteins can potentially play a role in neurodegenerative diseases.We have specifically discussed the N-acetyltransferase 9-acetylation independent function and regulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling and microtubule stability during development and neurodegeneration.
文摘The article describes 6 types of gemstones which show phenomena such as chatoyancy and asterism.The gemstones have not been described before,either because they come from new sources,or because the phenomenon has not been seen before in the type of gemstone described.Gems from the new sources are star garnet from the Karelia Province in Russia,and star garnet from the Jiangsu Province in China.Grandidierite usually does not show a cat’s eye effect,but the two described samples display a weak cat’s eye.An unusual white quartz from Brazil with a sharp cat’s eye is described,as well as a star sapphire with two differently coloured stars on each side of the cabochon,as well as a trapiche-type quartz.The stones were tested with gemmological,microscopic,and advanced techniques and the results are presented.
文摘The intestinal microbiota is the collection of the living microorganisms(bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses) inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. Novel bacterial identification approaches have revealed that the gastrointestinal microbiota of dogs and cats is, similarly to humans, a highly complex ecosystem. Studies in dogs and cats have demonstrated that acute and chronic gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), are associated with alterations in the small intestinal and fecal microbial communities. Of interest is that these alterations are generally similar to the dysbiosis observed in humans with IBD or animal models of intestinal inflammation, suggesting that microbial responses to inflammatory conditions of the gut are conserved across mammalian host types. Studies have also revealed possible underlying susceptibilities in the innate immune system of dogs and cats with IBD, which further demonstrate the intricate relationship between gut microbiota and host health. Commonly identified microbiome changes in IBD are decreases in bacterial groups within the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and increases within Proteobacteia. Furthermore, a reduction in the diversity of Clostridium clusters XIVa and IV(i.e., Lachnospiraceae and Clostridium coccoides subgroups) are associated with IBD, suggesting that these bacterial groups may play an important role in maintenance of gastrointestinal health. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the functional changes associated with intestinal dysbiosis in dogs and cats.
文摘AIM： To evaluate the effect of punctal occlusion using thermosensitive（smart plug） versus silicone plug for management of aqueous deficient dry eye on cornea sensitivity, ocular surface health and tear film stability.METHODS： A comparative prospective interventiona case study included 45 patients with bilateral severe form of aqueous deficient dry eye. In each patient, the smar plug was inserted in the lower punctum of the right eye which was considered as study group 1 and silicone plug was inserted in the lower punctum of the left eye o the same patient which was considered as study group2. All patients were subjected to careful history taking and questionnaire for subjective assessment of severity of symptoms. Corneal sensitivity, corneal fluorescein rose bengal staining, Schirmer＇s I test, tear film break up time and conjunctival impression cytology were performed pre and 1, 3 and 6mo post plug insertion.RESULTS： A statistically significant improvement in subjective and objective manifestations occurred following treatment with both types of plugs（P 〈0.01）The thermosensitive plug caused significant overal improvement, decrease in frequency of application o tear substitutes and improvement of conjunctiva impression cytology parameters in the inserted side（P 〈0.01）. Canaliculitis was reported in two eyes（4.4% following punctal occlusion using thermosensitive plug（study group 1）. Spontaneous plug loss occurred in 21eyes（46.6%） in the silicone plug group（study group 2）.CONCLUSION： Improvement of subjective and objective manifestations of aqueous deficient dry eye occurs following punctal plug occlusion. Thermosensitive plug has good patient＇s compliance with fewer complications and lower rates of loss compared to the silicone plug.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81070755)
文摘AIM：To compare the corneal biomechanics of Sj？gren＇s syndrome（SS） and non-SS dry eyes with Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology（CorV is ST）.METHODS：Corneal biomechanics and tear film parameters, namely the Schirmer I test value, tear film break-up time（TBUT） and corneal staining score（CSS） were detected in 34 eyes of 34 dry eye patients with SS（SSDE group） and 34 dry eye subjects without SS（NSSDE group） using CorV is ST. The differences of the above parameters between the two groups were examined, and the relationship between corneal biomechanics and tear film parameters were observed. RESULTS：The differences in age, sex, intraocular pressure（IOP） and central corneal thickness（CCT） were not significant between the two groups（P〉0.05）. The tear film parameters had significant differences between the SSDE group and NSSDE group（all P〈0.05）. Patients in the SSDE group had significantly lower A1-time and HC-time, but higher DA（P=0.01, 0.02, and 0.02, respectively） compared with the NSSDE group. In the SSDE group, DA was negatively correlated with TBUT（rho=-0.38, P=0.03）; HC-time was negatively correlated with CSS（rho=-0.43, P=0.02）. In the NSSDE group, HC-time was again negatively correlated with CSS（rho=-0.39, P=0.02）.CONCLUSION：There are differences in corneal biomechanical properties between SSDE and NSSDE. The cornea of SSDE tends to show less ＂stiffness＂, as seen by a significantly shorter A1-time and HC-time, but larger DA, compared with the cornea of NSSDE. Biomechanical parameters can be influenced by different tear film parameters in both groups.
文摘Tennessee Williams is a prominent American dramatist and Poet Laureate after Eugene O’Neil.Cat on the Hot Tin Roof is praised as the pinnacle of his plays,awarded Pulitzer Prize for Drama and Drama Critics Award in 1955.With the background of southern American family,the play consists of light and shade clues:the former centers on brothers’fighting for property;the latter focuses on hero Brick’s homosexual problem.The analysis of the convert of Brick’s role and thought aims at comprehending to a deep degree how Williams,a homosexual,exposes hideous humanity and hypocrisy society more thoroughly as well as shows his profound thinking of life value.
基金supported by the China-US Biomedical Collaborative Research Program,No.81361120393(to CTZ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81401135(to PW),81671239(to CTZ)the Shanghai Sailing Program,No.18YF1403100(to JJG)
文摘Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder(iRBD) is often a precursor to neurodegenerative disease. However, voxel-based morphological studies evaluating structural abnormalities in the brains of iRBD patients are relatively rare. This study aimed to explore cerebral structural alterations using magnetic resonance imaging and to determine their association with clinical parameters in iRBD patients. Brain structural T1-weighted MRI scans were acquired from 19 polysomnogram-confirmed iRBD patients(male:female 16:3; mean age 66.6 ± 7.0 years) and 20 age-matched healthy controls(male:female 5:15; mean age 63.7 ± 5.9 years). Gray matter volume(GMV) data were analyzed based on Statistical Parametric Mapping 8, using a voxel-based morphometry method and two-sample t-test and multiple regression analysis. Compared with controls, iRBD patients had increased GMV in the middle temporal gyrus and cerebellar posterior lobe, but decreased GMV in the Rolandic operculum, postcentral gyrus, insular lobe, cingulate gyrus, precuneus, rectus gyrus, and superior frontal gyrus. iRBD duration was positively correlated with GMV in the precuneus, cuneus, superior parietal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, posterior cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, lingual gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and cerebellum posterior lobe. Furthermore, phasic chin electromyographic activity was positively correlated with GMV in the hippocampus, precuneus, fusiform gyrus, precentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, cuneus, inferior parietal lobule, angular gyrus, superior parietal gyrus, paracentral lobule, and cerebellar posterior lobe. There were no significant negative correlations of brain GMV with disease duration or electromyographic activity in iRBD patients. These findings expand the spectrum of known gray matter modifications in iRBD patients and provide evidence of a correlation between brain dysfunction and clinical manifestations in such patients. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Huashan Hospital(approval No. KY2013-336) on January 6, 2014. This trial was registered in the ISRCTN registry(ISRCTN18238599).
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular adenomas are rare tumors that can occur in patients with glycogen storage disease type I.CASE SUMMARY We herein report two cases of histologically proven hepatocellular adenomas in patients with glycogen storage disease type I.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)was performed after bolus injection of gadoxetate disodium,a liver-specific gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent.In the present cases,some of the hepatocellular adenomas showed unexpectedly a“bull’s eye”appearance on T2-weighted and post-contrast images,which was not previously described as imaging findings of hepatocellular adenomas in glycogen storage disease.A bull’s eye appearance on T2-weighted images can be encountered in both benign(i.e.,abscess)or malignant(i.e.,epithelioid hemangioendothelioma,cholangiocarcinoma,and metastases)hepatic lesions.CONCLUSION We present two cases of hepatocellular adenomas in patients with glycogen storage disease type 1,in which gadoxetate disodium-MRI showed atypical imaging findings for hepatocellular adenomas.At present there is no systematic study evaluating MRI findings of hepatocellular adenomas in patients with glycogen storage disease,further studies are needed to specifically investigate this issue.
文摘Apple bull’s eye rot is caused by pathogenic Neofabraea species including N. malicorticis, N. perennans and N. alba. Fruits carrying this fungal quarantine disease are prohibited from entering China. The host plants for the pathogens include several Rosaceae fruits including apple and pear. Disease symptoms and pathogen morphology are often insufficient to determine the identity of the pathogen, particularly at the species level. In the current study, we analyzed the inter-species sequence variations in the β-tublin gene, and designed specific primers to allow PCR amplification of 554 bp fragments from pathogenic Neofabraea species. The PCR products were recovered and sequenced, and Blast search was conducted using the DNA sequences in the Genbank database. The results indicated precise PCR amplification of the target sequences from the host pathogen, which allowed unambiguous identification of the species.
基金Supported by the Funds Malou Malou,Perano,Georgette Paulus,JMJS Breugelmans and Gabrielle,François and Christian,Managed by the King Baudouin Foundation of Belgium,No.2021-J1990130-222081.
文摘Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.Research attempts to identify characteristic factors that are associated with the presence of the AD pathology on the one hand and that increase the risk of developing AD on the other.Changes in non-rapid eye movement(NREM)sleep may meet both requirements for various reasons.First,NREM-sleep is important for optimal memory function.In addition,studies report that the presence of AD pathology is associated with NREM-sleep changes.Finally,more and more results appear to suggest that sleep problems are not only a symptom of AD but can also increase the risk of AD.Several of these studies suggest that it is primarily a lack of NREM-sleep that is responsible for this increased risk.However,the majority investigated sleep only through subjective reporting,as a result of which NREMsleep could not be analyzed separately.The aim of this literature study is therefore to present the results of the studies that relate the AD pathology and NREM-sleep(registered by electroencephalography).Furthermore,we try to evaluate whether NREM-sleep analysis could be used to support the diagnosis of AD and whether NREM-sleep deficiency could be a causal factor in the development of AD.
