废烟气脱硝催化剂中TiO_(2)资源化回收实验研究

采用高温碱浸和酸洗的方法对废选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝催化剂进行处理,研究碱浸和酸洗对催化剂各组分的浸出效果,考察温度对催化剂浸出行为的影响规律。结果表明,碱浸温度的提高促进V和W的浸出,210℃时V和W的浸出率分别为82.38%和74.92%。经高温碱浸和酸洗处理后,Al、Ca、Na等杂质的最高浸出率均可达98%以上,回收TiO_(2)的纯度较高,可用于生产新催化剂。高温碱浸会破坏催化剂的结构,有利于后续HCl处理对杂质的去除,除杂效果优于直接酸洗处理。高温碱浸过程中会生成Na_(2)TiO_(3),经HCl反应并水解后会形成新的TiO_(2)颗粒,形成更多的小孔,比表面积增大。

Preparation, Characterization of CuO/CeO_2 and Cu/CeO_2 Catalysts and Their Applications in Low-Temperature CO Oxidation

CeO2 was synthesized via sol-gel process and used as supporter to prepare CuO/CeO2, Cu/CeO2 catalysts by impregnation method. The catalytic properties and characterization of CeO2, CuO/CeO2 and Cu/CeO2 catalysts were examined by means of a microreactor-GC system, HRTEM, XRD, TPR and XPS techniques. The results show that CuO has not catalytic activity and the activity of CeO2 is quite low for CO oxidation. However, the catalytic activity of CuO/CeO2 and Cu/ CeO2 catalysts increases significantly. Furthermore, the activity of CuO/CeO2 is higher than that of Cu/CeO2 catalysts.

Preparation of Au/CeO_2 catalyst and its catalytic performance for HCHO oxidation

Aqueous precipitation and deposition-precipitation method were used to prepare CeO2 supports and Au/CeO2 catalysts, respectively. The effect of preparation condition of support on the catalyst activity was investigated. The catalytic combustion of HCHO was considered as the probe reaction for comparing the catalyst activity. The BET, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, and reduction （TPR） were carried out to analyze the influence factor on the catalysts activity. The results showed that the addition of dispersant and use of microwave in the support preparation procedure could be beneficial for enhancing the interaction of supports and gold species and thus improved the catalytic activity. The total conversion temperature for HCHO was 146 ℃ over AC400. With the modification during supports preparation process, the catalytic activity increased with total conversion temperature decreasing to 98 ℃. The results of XPS indicated that Au^0 and Au^＋1 species coexisted in these catalysts and the activity of catalyst correlated with Au^＋1/Au^0 ratio. Temperature-programmed reduction results demonstrated that the reduction peak appeared between 100-170 ℃ with the inducing of gold. The dependence of activity on the reduction peak temperature implied that ionic gold was catalytic activity component for HCHO oxidation.

CeO_2-Co_3O_4 Catalysts for CO Oxidation

CeO2-Co3O4 catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation were prepared by a co-precipitation method. In combination with the characterization methods of N2 adsorption/desorption, XRD, temperature-programmed reduction （TPR）, and FT-IR, the influence of the cerium content on the catalytic performance of CeO2-Co3O4 was investigated. The results indicate that the prepared CeO2-Co3O4 catalysts exhibit a better activity than that of pure CeO2 or pure Co3O4. The catalyst with the Ce/Co atomic ratio 1 ： 16 exhibits the best activity, which converts 77% of CO at room temperature and completely oxidizes CO at 45 ℃.

Identification of relevant active sites and a mechanism study for reverse water gas shift reaction over Pt/CeO_2 catalysts

Reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction can serve as a pivotal stage in the CO2 conversion processes, which is vital for the utilization of CO2. In this study, RWGS reaction was performed over Pt/CeO2 catalysts at the temperature range of 200-500 degrees C under ambient pressure. Compared with pure CeO2, Pt/CeO2 catalysts exhibited superior RWGS activity at lower reaction temperature. Meanwhile, the calculated TOF and E-a values are approximately the same over these Pt/CeO2 catalysts pretreated under various calcination conditions, indicating that the RWGS reaction is not affected by the morphologies of anchored Pt nanoparticles or the primary crystallinity of CeO2. TPR and XPS results indicated that the incorporation of Pt promoted the reducibility of CeO2 support and remarkably increased the content of Ce 3 + sites on the catalyst surface. Furthermore, the CO TPSR-MS signal under the condition of pure CO2 flow over Pt/CeO 2 catalyst is far lower than that under the condition of adsorbed CO2 with H-2 -assisted flow, revealing that CO2 molecules adsorbed on Ce3+ active sites have difficult in generating CO directly. Meanwhile, the adsorbed CO2 with the assistance of H-2 can form formate species easily over Ce3+ active sites and then decompose into Ce3+-CO species for CO production, which was identified by in-situ FTIR. (C) 2016 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B. V. and Science Press. All rights reserved.

Preferential oxidation of CO in excess H_2 over the CeO_2/CuO catalyst: Effect of initial support

Three series of CeO2/CuO samples were prepared by impregnation method and characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, temperatureprogrammed reduction （TPR）, XPS and TEM techniques. In comparison with the samples prepared with CuO as initial support, the samples with Cu（OH）2 as initial support have higher reducibilities and smaller relative TPR peak areas, and also larger specific surface areas at calcina- tion temperatures of 400 ℃--600 ℃. As a result, Cu（OH）2 is better than CuO as initial support for preferential oxidation of CO in excess H2 （CO-PROX）. The best catalytic performance was achieved on the sample calcined at 600 ℃ and with an atomic ratio of Ce/Cu at 40%. XPS analyses indicate that more interface linkages Ce-O-Cu could be formed when it was calcined at 600 ℃. And the atomic ratio of Ce/Cu at 40% led to a proper reducibility for the sample as illustrated by the TPR measurements.

Preparation and characterization of Fe_2O_3-CeO_2-TiO_2/γ-Al_2O_3 catalyst for degradation dye wastewater

In order to develop a catalyst with high activity for catalytic wet oxidation （CWO） process at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by consecutive impregnation method and the prepared parameters were optimized. The structure of the catalyst was characterized by BET, XRF, SEM and XPS technologies, and the actual wastewater was used to investigate the catalytic activity of Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 in CWO process. The experimental results showed that the prepared catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity when the doping amount of Ti was 1.0 wt% （the weight ratio of Ti to carriers）, and the middle product, Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3, was calcined in 450℃ for 2 h. The CWO experiment for treating actual dye wastewater indicated that the COD, color and TOC of actual wastewater were decreased by 62.23%, 50.12% and 41.26% in 3 h, respectively, and the ratio of BOD5/COD was increased from 0.19 to 0.30.

Photocatalytic performance of TiO_2 catalysts modified by H_3PW_(12)O_(40), ZrO_2 and CeO_2

The binary composite photo-catalysts CeO2/ZiO2, ZrO2/ZiO2 and the ternary composite photo-catalysts H3PW12040-CeO2/TiO2, H3PW12O40-ZrO2/TiO2 were prepared by sol-gel method. The catalysts were characterized by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis （TG-DTA）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The photocatalytic elimination of methanol was used as model reaction to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the composite catalysts under ultraviolet light irradiation. The effects of doped content, activation temperature, time, initial concentration of methanol and gas flow rate on the catalytic activity were investigated. The results showed that after doping a certain amount of CeO2 and ZrO2, crystallization process of TiO2 was restrained, particles of catalysts are smaller and more uniform. Doping ZrO2 not only significantly improved the catalytic activity, but also increased thermal stability. Doping H3PW12O40 alSO enhanced the catalytic activity. The catalytic activities of binary and ternary composite photocatalysts were significantly higher than un-doped TiO2. The dynamics law of photocatalytic reaction over the binary CeO2/TiO2 and ZrO2/TiO2 catalysts has been studied. The activation energy 15.627 and 15.631 kJ/mol and pre-exponential factors 0.5176 and 0.9899 s^-1 over each corresponding catalyst were obtained. This reaction accords to the first order dynamics law.

Characterization and catalytic performance of CeO_2-Co/SiO_2 catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis using nitrogen-diluted synthesis gas over a laboratory scale fixed-bed reactor

The surface species of CO hydrogenation on CeO2-Co/SiO2 catalyst were investigated using the techniques of temperature programmed reaction and transient response method. The results indicated that the formation of H2O and CO2 was the competitive reaction for the surface oxygen species, CH4 was produced via the hydrogenation of carbon species step by step, and C2 products were formed by the polymerization of surface-active carbon species （-CH2-）. Hydrogen assisted the dissociation of CO. The hydrogenation of surface carbon species was the rate-limiting step in the hydrogenation of CO over CeO2-Co/SiO2 catalyst. The investigation of total pressure, gas hourly space velocity （GHSV）, and product distribution using nitrogen-rich synthesis gas as feedstock over a laboratory scale fixed-bed reactor indicated that total pressure and GHSV had a significant effect on the catalytic performance of CeO2-Co/SiO2 catalyst. The removal of heat and control of the reaction temperature were extremely critical steps, which required lower GHSV and appropriate CO conversion to avoid the deactivation of the catalyst. The feedstock of nitrogen-rich synthesis gas was favorable to increase the conversion of CO, but there was a shift of product distribution toward the light hydrocarbon. The nitrogen-rich synthesis gas was feasible for F-T synthesis for the utilization of remote natural gas.

Catalytic Oxidative Properties and Characterization of CuO/CeO_2 Catalysts

The oxidative properties and characterization of CuO, CeO 2 and CuO/CeO 2 cata lysts were examined by means of a CO micro-reactor GC system, TPR, XPS and X-r ay diffraction Rietveld methods. The results show that either CuO or CeO 2 ac tivity is quite low for CO oxidation. However, when CuO and CeO 2 are mixed, the oxidative activity of the catalyst increases significantly, probably owing to the valency status of copper species (Cu 2+ and Cu+) on the CeO 2 surfa ce, the dispersion and reducibility. XPS surface analysis shows that CuO loading is very important in forming of either Cu 2+ or Cu+. Rietveld analysis s hows that some CuO, which has smaller ion radius than Ce 4+, enters the Ce O 2 lattice after CuO and CeO 2 are mixed. When the CuO loading reaches 5.0%, the size of CuO crystals is a minimum (6.1 nm) and the micro-strain value i s a maximum (2.86×10 -3), resulting in high surface energy and the best ac tivity for CO oxidation.

Preparation of M2O3-CeO2(M=La,Fe,and Al) Compoundoxide Catalyst and Its Degradation Performance

As one of the most active rare earths,CeO2 has caused extensive concern due to its multifunctional properties.CeO2-based compound oxide of M2O3-CeO2(M=La,Fe,and Al)were prepared by coprecipitation and impregnation methods.The photocatalytic performance of the samples for the degradation methylene blue was studied under UV and visible light irradiation.The effects of constituents on the properties of the CeO2-based catalysts were investigated by XRD,TEM,BET,and UV-Vis spectrophotometer.The highest degradation of methylene blue under 230W UV light was almost 100%at 50 min by La2O3/Fe2O3-CeO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst and 99.42%at 50 min by Fe2O3-CeO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst.The methylene blue removal efficiency under indoor natural light reaches 93.81%by La2O3/Fe2O3-CeO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst and 92.34%by Fe2O3-CeO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst at 50 min.The order of catalytic degradation activity is La2O3/Fe2O3-CeO2/γ-Al2O3>Fe2O3-CeO2/γ-Al2O3>La2O3-CeO2/γ-Al2O3>Al2O3,owing to their structural features.The doping of La^3+or Fe3+onto CeO2/γ-Al2O produced much more oxygen vacancies under light irradiation and reduced the energy laps of CeO2 with value of 2.86 ev,which improved the photocatalytic redox performance of the composite oxide.

Effects of ZrO_2 Content on Structure and Performance of Cu/CeO_2-ZrO_2 Catalysts for Water-Gas Shift Reaction

Cu/CeO2-ZrO2 catalysts for water-gas shift （WGS） reaction were prepared with co-precipitation method, and the influence of ZrO2 content on the catalytic structure and properties was investigated by the techniques of N2 physical adsorption analysis, XRD and H2-TPR. The results indicate that the BET surface areas of the catalysts are increased in varying degrees due to the presence of ZrO2. With increasing ZrO2 content, the pore size distribution is centered on 1.9 nm. ZrO2 can efficiently restrain the growth of Cu crystal particles. The appropriate amount of ZrO2 in the Cu/CeO2 catalysts can help the catalyst keep better copper dispersion in the WGS reaction, which can lead to both higher catalytic activity and better thermal stability. When ZrO2 content is 10% （atom fraction）, Cu/CeO2-Zr02 catalyst reaches a CO conversion rate of 73.7% at the reaction temperature of 200℃.

Effect of Addition of Base on Ceria and Reactivity of CuO/CeO_2 Catalysts for Low-Temperature CO Oxidation

In this work, we have reported the influence of the addition of base （KOH） on the physicochemical property of ceria synthesized by alcohothermal process, and the alcohothermal mechanism was also put forward. Furthermore, the prepared CeO2 was used as the support to prepare CuO/CeO2 catalysts via the wet impregnation method. The samples were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, high resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM）, and temperatureprogrammed reduction by H2 （H2-TPR）. The catalytic properties of the CuO/CeO2 catalysts for lowtemperature CO oxidation were studied using a microreactor-GC system. The crystal size of CeO2-A was much smaller than that of CeO2-B, and the corresponding copper oxide catalysts exhibited higher catalytic activity than that of the CeO2-B-supported catalysts under the same reaction conditions. The alcohothermal mechanism indicated that KOH plays a key role in determining the physicochemical and catalytic properties of ceria-based materials.

CeO_2包覆对TiO_2传感器材料的氧敏性能的影响

针对CeO2 具有良好的催化性和稳定性 ,以及TiO2 具有优良的氧敏特性 ,采用溶胶 凝胶法制备CeO2 包覆TiO2 材料 ,并在自行设计的实验装置中对材料进行氧敏测试。该材料的温度系数低于纯TiO2 材料 ,且氧敏性能比纯TiO2 材料显著提高。其原因在于壳层中CeO2 颗粒为氧离子进出包覆体内的TiO2 提供通道 ,并利用CeO2 储、放氧能力 ,促进TiO2 电导率变化。

CuO负载在TiO_2和CeO_2-TiO_2上对NO+CO反应的催化作用

用NO +CO微反流动法、TPR、XRD、BET和NO TPD等技术研究了CuO在TiO2 和CeO2 TiO2 上对NO +CO的催化还原作用 .实验表明 ,不同负载量的CuO在TiO2 上 ,其NO +CO的反应活性以Cu12 Ti为最佳 ,在反应温度为 4 0 0℃时 ,NO的转化率达到 10 0 % ;且CuO负载在CeO2 TiO2 上其活性随CeO2 含量的增加而提高 ,Cu12 Ce10 Ti在 30 0℃时就能使NO达到 10 0 %转化 .XRD和TPR结果显示 ,该体系催化活性的高低 ,与CuO在TiO2 和CeO2 TiO2 上高度分散的Cu物种及形成细颗粒的晶相CuO物种有非常密切的关系 ;NO TPD结果显示 ,催化剂还原活性的高低和NO在催化剂表面的脱出与分解难易程度有关 .

CeO_2-TiO_2复合氧化物载体在催化中的应用研究进展

介绍了CeO2-TiO2复合氧化物制备方法及性能特征;评述了影响CeO2-TiO2复合氧化物结构、性质的因素;对负载金属元素后的催化剂在不同的催化反应中的应用进行了综述。并对CeO2-TiO2复合氧化物应用前景作了展望。

碳包覆TiO_2-CeO_2纤维的制备及其光催化降解盐酸环丙沙星

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)溶胶/钛酸正丁酯为前驱体,硝酸铈为掺杂剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了CeO2掺杂TiO2凝胶,继而以静电纺丝法制备了CeO2掺杂TiO2纳米纤维,最后利用气相沉积法,在制得的纳米纤维表面包覆一层碳膜。采用扫描电子显微镜、红外吸收光谱、透射电子显微镜和X射线衍射对制备的纳米纤维进行了表征,研究了其在紫外光照射下对盐酸环丙沙星的光催化降解能力。当光照时间为40 min时,碳包覆TiO2复合纳米纤维具有很好的光催化性能,对盐酸环丙沙星的降解率达到85.8%。

堇青石蜂窝陶瓷负载CuO/CeO_2-ZrO_2/TiO_2催化氧化含酚废水的性能研究

选取球状堇青石蜂窝陶瓷作为催化剂基体,制备了堇青石蜂窝陶瓷负载CuO/CeO2-ZrO2/TiO2催化剂,采用XRD、BET等方法对其进行了结构表征,测定了其催化湿式氧化含酚废水的活性及抗压强度、脱落率、Cu2+溶出浓度等性能指标。结果表明,CuO/CeO2-ZrO2/TiO2堇青石蜂窝陶瓷催化剂在反应温度180℃、压力5Mpa、搅拌速率为600r/min时,催化湿式氧化反应200minCOD去除率可达92.7%;球状堇青石蜂窝陶瓷CuO/CeO2-ZrO2/TiO2催化剂具有强度高、易装填、易更换、脱落率低特点,Cu2+溶出浓度低于环保排放标准,适合工业化处理含酚废水。

CeO_2掺杂TiO_2催化剂薄膜的制备与表征

以 Ar为工作气体 ,O2 为反应气体 ,利用射频磁控溅射技术成功地在载玻片上沉积了透明 Ti O2 催化剂薄膜。同时利用共溅射技术制备了掺杂 Ce O2 的 Ti O2 催化剂薄膜。采用 X射线衍射 (XRD)、Raman光谱、UV- VIS- NIR分光光度计、原子力显微镜 (AFM)

CeO_2掺杂TiO_2粉体的制备及其性能研究

采用Sol-gel法制备了CeO2不同掺杂比例的TiO2粉体,研究了掺杂比例对样品晶型、光谱吸收曲线及光催化降解亚甲基蓝的影响,结果表明:掺杂CeO2的TiO2样品对光波长的响应阈值为500nm左右;样品在普通日光灯下照射4h,对亚甲基蓝的降解率明显优于DegauseP25,其中CeO2掺杂比率为7%(mol)的样品降解率达到了最大。