Background: In clinical practice and setting of general practice it is common to see patients with leg edema. To correctly identify the etiology of the edema and then properly manage the cause is not always easy. The ...Background: In clinical practice and setting of general practice it is common to see patients with leg edema. To correctly identify the etiology of the edema and then properly manage the cause is not always easy. The unilateral lymphedema of the lower limb has rarely been reported as an initial presentation for lymphoma, especially in females, usually without classic signs or symptoms, but often with inguinal lymphadenopathy or abdominal masses. Case Report: In this article, we report a rare case of unilateral lower limb edema in a healthy obese woman who complained about the appearance of the disease for several months and for whom deep vein thrombosis and other diseases had been excluded. The histological examination of the biopsy of an enlarged lymph node in the right groin, which was compressing the iliac and femoral vein, revealed the presence of B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with high-grade malignancy. Conclusions: A common challenge for primary care physicians is to determine the cause and find an effective treatment for leg edema of unclear etiology. Non-Hodgkin’s B-cell Lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with unilateral leg edema when the swelling is chronic and deep venous thrombosis is promptly excluded.展开更多
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Avastin on aquaporin4(AQP4) expression in human retinal Müller cells in vitro under hypoxia,so as to explore the mechanism of Avastin treating retinal edema...The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Avastin on aquaporin4(AQP4) expression in human retinal Müller cells in vitro under hypoxia,so as to explore the mechanism of Avastin treating retinal edema.The human Müller cells were cultured using the enzymatic digestion method.Müller cells were identified under the transmission electron microscopy and by using immunofluorescence staining.By using semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),the expression of AQP4 mRNA and VEGF mRNA in Müller cells cultured with 500 μmol/L CoCl 2 for 0,3,6,12 and 24 h,and with 0,100,300,500 and 700 μmol/L CoCl 2 for 24 h was detected.The expression of AQP4 mRNA in Müller cells cultured with 50 ng/mL exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) for 0,0.5,1,2 and 4 h,and with 0,25,50 and 75 ng/mL VEGF for 24 h was detected.Amplified cDNA products of AQP4 mRNA in Müller cells cultured with 500 μmol/L CoCl 2 and 200 μg/mL Avastin for 24 h were detected.The results showed that more than 95% cells displayed positive immunofluorescence reaction.Characteristic 8-10 nm intracellular filaments could be seen in the cytoplasm under the transmission electron microscopy.In the CoCl 2 experimental groups,the expression of AQP4 mRNA and VEGF mRNA in Müller cells was increased as compared with the control group.Alteration of AQP4 mRNA and VEGF mRNA levels showed a significantly positive correlation(r 2 =0.822,P<0.05).The expression of AQP4 mRNA in Müller cells was increased by VEGF.The expression of AQP4 mRNA was significantly decreased by Avastin as compared with the control group.It is suggested that Avastin can decrease the expression of AQP4 mRNA in human Müller cells under chemical hypoxic conditions partially via VEGF path,which may be one of the mechanisms of Avastin treating retinal edema.展开更多
Purpose: To present a patient with bilateral severe and symmetric lower lid lymphedema in the setting of previous neck surgery and chronic psoriasis, and to review the potential relationships of neck surgery, irradiat...Purpose: To present a patient with bilateral severe and symmetric lower lid lymphedema in the setting of previous neck surgery and chronic psoriasis, and to review the potential relationships of neck surgery, irradiation, psoriasis, and rosacea to chronic lymphedema. Design: Single case report with literature review. Methods: A 60-year-old female with long-standing psoriasis presented with a 2-year history of severe, symmetric bilateral lower eyelid edema that developed after total laryngectomy and selective right neck dissection for recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). 10 years prior she underwent radiation and radical left neck dissection for metastatic disease. Surgical management entailed transcutaneous debulking of the masses combined with ectropion repair and suture tarsorrhaphy. A comprehensive literature review was performed using Pubmed and Medline. Results: Surgical debulking of the soft tissue masses via a transcutaneous incision resulted in significant improvement in the patient’s lymphedema without recurrence at 5 months follow-up. Histopathologic findings were consistent with chronic eyelid lymphedema. Conclusions: Isolated eyelid lymphedema is rare, with many etiologies, and poses a diagnostic challenge. While ophthalmologists are familiar with the ocular manifestations of rosacea such as conjunctivitis or blepharitis, it is important to consider rosacea as an etiology of eyelid lymphedema. Reviewing the history for previous surgery or radiation to the head and neck, or other dermatologic inflammatory disorders is also warranted. Rosaceous lymphedema is typically less severe than in post-surgical/radiation patients, and does not respond well to medical treatment;however, it often shows a favorable response to debulking blepharoplasty surgery, with or without skin grafting. This patient with a history of severe psoriasis and bilateral neck dissections with radiation for SCC also responded well to surgery without recurrence of lymphedema. Therefore, surgical debulking can be considered in these patients with severe eyelid lymphedema as an option to markedly improve visual function and overall cosmetic appearance.展开更多
The experimental model of traumatic brain injury was established in Sprague-Dawley rats according to Feeney＇s free falling method. The brains were harvested at 2, 6 and 24 hours, and at 3 and 5 days after injury. Cha...The experimental model of traumatic brain injury was established in Sprague-Dawley rats according to Feeney＇s free falling method. The brains were harvested at 2, 6 and 24 hours, and at 3 and 5 days after injury. Changes in brain water content were determined using the wet and dry weights. Our results showed that water content of tissue significantly increased after traumatic brain injury, and reached minimum at 24 hours. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed pathological impairment of brain tissue at each time point after injury, particularly at 3 days, with nerve cell edema, degenera- tion, and necrosis observed, and the apoptotic rate significantly increased. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis revealed that the expression of occludin at the injured site gradually de- creased as injury time advanced and reached a minimum at 3 days after injury; the expression of connexin 43 gradually increased as injury time advanced and reached a peak at 24 hours after in-jury. The experimental findings indicate that changes in occludin and connexin 43 expression were consistent with the development of brain edema, and may reflect the pathogenesis of brain injury.展开更多
文摘Background: In clinical practice and setting of general practice it is common to see patients with leg edema. To correctly identify the etiology of the edema and then properly manage the cause is not always easy. The unilateral lymphedema of the lower limb has rarely been reported as an initial presentation for lymphoma, especially in females, usually without classic signs or symptoms, but often with inguinal lymphadenopathy or abdominal masses. Case Report: In this article, we report a rare case of unilateral lower limb edema in a healthy obese woman who complained about the appearance of the disease for several months and for whom deep vein thrombosis and other diseases had been excluded. The histological examination of the biopsy of an enlarged lymph node in the right groin, which was compressing the iliac and femoral vein, revealed the presence of B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with high-grade malignancy. Conclusions: A common challenge for primary care physicians is to determine the cause and find an effective treatment for leg edema of unclear etiology. Non-Hodgkin’s B-cell Lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with unilateral leg edema when the swelling is chronic and deep venous thrombosis is promptly excluded.
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Avastin on aquaporin4(AQP4) expression in human retinal Müller cells in vitro under hypoxia,so as to explore the mechanism of Avastin treating retinal edema.The human Müller cells were cultured using the enzymatic digestion method.Müller cells were identified under the transmission electron microscopy and by using immunofluorescence staining.By using semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),the expression of AQP4 mRNA and VEGF mRNA in Müller cells cultured with 500 μmol/L CoCl 2 for 0,3,6,12 and 24 h,and with 0,100,300,500 and 700 μmol/L CoCl 2 for 24 h was detected.The expression of AQP4 mRNA in Müller cells cultured with 50 ng/mL exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) for 0,0.5,1,2 and 4 h,and with 0,25,50 and 75 ng/mL VEGF for 24 h was detected.Amplified cDNA products of AQP4 mRNA in Müller cells cultured with 500 μmol/L CoCl 2 and 200 μg/mL Avastin for 24 h were detected.The results showed that more than 95% cells displayed positive immunofluorescence reaction.Characteristic 8-10 nm intracellular filaments could be seen in the cytoplasm under the transmission electron microscopy.In the CoCl 2 experimental groups,the expression of AQP4 mRNA and VEGF mRNA in Müller cells was increased as compared with the control group.Alteration of AQP4 mRNA and VEGF mRNA levels showed a significantly positive correlation(r 2 =0.822,P<0.05).The expression of AQP4 mRNA in Müller cells was increased by VEGF.The expression of AQP4 mRNA was significantly decreased by Avastin as compared with the control group.It is suggested that Avastin can decrease the expression of AQP4 mRNA in human Müller cells under chemical hypoxic conditions partially via VEGF path,which may be one of the mechanisms of Avastin treating retinal edema.
文摘Purpose: To present a patient with bilateral severe and symmetric lower lid lymphedema in the setting of previous neck surgery and chronic psoriasis, and to review the potential relationships of neck surgery, irradiation, psoriasis, and rosacea to chronic lymphedema. Design: Single case report with literature review. Methods: A 60-year-old female with long-standing psoriasis presented with a 2-year history of severe, symmetric bilateral lower eyelid edema that developed after total laryngectomy and selective right neck dissection for recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). 10 years prior she underwent radiation and radical left neck dissection for metastatic disease. Surgical management entailed transcutaneous debulking of the masses combined with ectropion repair and suture tarsorrhaphy. A comprehensive literature review was performed using Pubmed and Medline. Results: Surgical debulking of the soft tissue masses via a transcutaneous incision resulted in significant improvement in the patient’s lymphedema without recurrence at 5 months follow-up. Histopathologic findings were consistent with chronic eyelid lymphedema. Conclusions: Isolated eyelid lymphedema is rare, with many etiologies, and poses a diagnostic challenge. While ophthalmologists are familiar with the ocular manifestations of rosacea such as conjunctivitis or blepharitis, it is important to consider rosacea as an etiology of eyelid lymphedema. Reviewing the history for previous surgery or radiation to the head and neck, or other dermatologic inflammatory disorders is also warranted. Rosaceous lymphedema is typically less severe than in post-surgical/radiation patients, and does not respond well to medical treatment;however, it often shows a favorable response to debulking blepharoplasty surgery, with or without skin grafting. This patient with a history of severe psoriasis and bilateral neck dissections with radiation for SCC also responded well to surgery without recurrence of lymphedema. Therefore, surgical debulking can be considered in these patients with severe eyelid lymphedema as an option to markedly improve visual function and overall cosmetic appearance.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.10151600101000002
文摘The experimental model of traumatic brain injury was established in Sprague-Dawley rats according to Feeney＇s free falling method. The brains were harvested at 2, 6 and 24 hours, and at 3 and 5 days after injury. Changes in brain water content were determined using the wet and dry weights. Our results showed that water content of tissue significantly increased after traumatic brain injury, and reached minimum at 24 hours. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed pathological impairment of brain tissue at each time point after injury, particularly at 3 days, with nerve cell edema, degenera- tion, and necrosis observed, and the apoptotic rate significantly increased. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis revealed that the expression of occludin at the injured site gradually de- creased as injury time advanced and reached a minimum at 3 days after injury; the expression of connexin 43 gradually increased as injury time advanced and reached a peak at 24 hours after in-jury. The experimental findings indicate that changes in occludin and connexin 43 expression were consistent with the development of brain edema, and may reflect the pathogenesis of brain injury.
