Effects of Low Concentrations of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) and Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate on Steroidogenesis Pathways and Apoptosis in the Murine Leydig Tumor Cell Line MLTC-1

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low concentrations of DEHP and MEHP on steroidogenesis in a murine Leydig tumor cell line （MLTC-1） in vitro. The result of flow cytometry analysis revealed that the proportion of apoptotic cells was significantly increased after the exposure to DEHP. All three genes （P450scc, P450c17, and 38HSD） under study showed an increased expression following exposure to DEHP or MEHP, although some insignificant inhibitory effects appeared in the 10μmol/L treatment group as compared with the controls. It was also found that DEHP or MEHP stimulated INSL3 mRNA and protein especially in the 0.001 μmol/L treatment group. Testosterone secretions were stimulated after the exposure to DEHP or MEHP. Alterations of steroidogenic enzymes and INSL3 in MLTC-1 cells might be involved in the biphasic effects of DEHP/MEHP on androgen production.

The effect of adenovirus expressing wild-type p53 on 5-fluorouracil chemosensitivity is related to p53 status in pancreatic cancer cell lines

AIM:There are conflicting data about p53 function on cellular sensitivity to the cytotoxic action of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Therefore the objective of this study was to determine the combined effects of adenovirus-mediated wild-type (wt) p53 gene transfer and 5-FU chemotherapy on pancreatic cancer cells with different p53 gene status. METHODS:Human pancreatic cancer cell lines Capan-1^(p53mut), Capan-2^(p53wt),FAMPAC^(p53mut),PANC1^(p53mut),and rat pancreatic cancer cell lines AS^(p53wt) and DSL6A^(p53null) were used for in vitro studies.Following infection with different ratios of Ad- p53-particles (MOI) in combination with 5-FU,proliferation of tumor cells and apoptosis were quantified by cell proliferation assay (WST-1) and FACS (PI-staining).In addition,DSL6A syngeneic pancreatic tumor cells were inoculated subcutaneously in to Lewis rats for in vivo studies. Tumor size,apoptosis (TUNEL) and survival were determined. RESULTS:Ad-p53 gene transfer combined with 5-FU significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation and substantially enhanced apoptosis in all four cell lines with an alteration in the p53 gene compared to those two cell lines containing wt-p53.In vivo experiments showed the most effective tumor regression in animals treated with Ad-p53 plus 5-FU.Both in vitro and in vivo analyses revealed that a sublethal dose of Ad-p53 augmented the apoptotic response induced by 5-FU. CONCLUSION:Our results suggest that Ad-p53 may synergistically enhance 5-FU-chemosensitivity most strikingly in pancreatic cancer cells lacking p53 function.These findings illustrate that the anticancer efficacy of this combination treatment is dependent on the p53 gene status of the target tumor cells.

Effect of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester on invasion of human colorectal cancer cell line SL-174T

AIML To investigate the effect and mechanism of action of the nitric oxide synthase （NOS） inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester （L-NAME） on invasion and metastasis of human colorectal cancer cell line SL-174T. METHODS： Human colorectal cancer cel4 line SL-174T was cultured and treated separately with four different dosages of L-NAME for 72 h, Nitric oxide （NO） production was measured with Griess reagent, The effect of L-NAME on invasion and migration of SL-174T cells were evaluated by using Transwell chambers attached with polycarbonate filters and reconstituted basement membrane （Matrigel）, RT-PCR was performed to determine the mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 （MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-2 （TIMP-2）,RESULTS： L-NAME could significantly inhibit NO production of SL-174T in a dose-dependent manner. After being treated for 72 h with 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.0 mmol/L L- NAME, respectively, the ability of the L-NAME treated SL- 174T cells to invade the reconstituted basement membrane decreased significantly （t = 8.056, P〈0.05; t= 14.467, P〈0.01; t= 27.785, P〈0.01; and t= 29.405, P〈0.01, respectively） and the inhibition rates were 10.29%, 19.62%, 34.08%, and 42.23%, respectively. Moreover, L-NAME could inhibit migration of SL-174T cells, and the inhibition rates were 20.76%, 24.95%, 39.43%, and 46. 85% for L-NAME at 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.0 mmol/L, respectively （t = 15.116, P〈0.01）. In addition, after treatment with L-NAME, expression of MMP-2 mRNA was significantly decreased （t = 71.238, P〈0.01） and that of TIMP-2 mRNA was markedly increased （t = -13.020, P〈0.01）. CONCLUSION： L-NAME exerts anti-invasive and anti- metastatic effects on SL-174T cell line via downregulating MNP-2 mRNA expression and upregulating TIMP-2 mRNA expression.

Taxotere resistance in SUIT Taxotere resistance in pancreatic carcinoma cell line SUIT 2 and its sublines

AIM: To investigate the specific mechanisms of intrinsic and acquired resistance to taxotere (TXT) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC). METHODS: MTT assay was used to detect the sensitivity of PAC cell line SUIT-2 and its sublines (S-007, S-013, S-020, S-028 and TXT selected SUIT-2 cell line, S2/TXT) to TXT. Mdr1 (P-gp), multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP), lung resistance protein (LRP) and beta-tubulin isotype gene expressions were detected by RT-PCR. The functionality of P-gp and MRP was tested using their specific blocker verapamil (Ver) and indomethacin (IMC), respectively. The transporter activity of P-gp was also confirmed by Rhodamine 123 accumulation assay. RESULTS: S-020 and S2/TXT were found to be significantly resistant to TXT(19 and 9.5-fold to their parental cell line SUIT-2, respectively). RT-PCR demonstrated strong expression of Mdr1 in these two cell lines, but weaker expression or no expression in other cells lines. MRP and LRP expressions were found in most of these cell lines. The TXT-resistance in S2-020 and S2/TXT could be reversed almost completely by Ver, but not by IMC. Flow cytometry showed that Ver increased the accumulation of Rhodamine-123 in these two cell lines. Compared with S-020 and SUIT-2, the levels of beta-tubulin isotype II, III expressions in S-2/TXT were increased remarkably. CONCLUSION: The both intrinsic and acquired TXT-related drug resistance in these PAC cell lines is mainly mediated by P-gp, but had no relationship to MRP and LRP expressions. The increases of beta-tubulin isotype II, III might be collateral changes that occur when the SUIT-2 cells are treated with TXT.

EFFECT OF ASCORBIC ACID ON DNA SYNTHESIS,INTRACELLULAR ACCUMULATION OF ADM AND ADM RESISTANCE OF TUMOR CELL LINES

Objective: To determine the effect of ascorbic acid (AA) on DNA synthesis, intracellular accumulation of ADM and ADM resistance of tumor cell lines. Methods: K562, K562/ADM and KB cell lines were used to study the effect of ascorbic acid on DNA synthesis, intracellular accumulation of ADM and ADM resistance by fluid scintillometry, MTT method, spectrofluorophotometry and immunocytochemistry. Results: Results showed that AA was capable of inhibiting DNA synthesis of K562 and K562/ADM in a dosedependence fashion, but not KB cell line, and significantly reducing ADM sensitivity in K562 and KB cell lines, as well as potentiating obviously ADM resistance in K562/ADM cell line. Conclusion: These effects of AA may be closely correlated with significant elevation of intracellular accumulation of ADM in KB cell line, and significant reduction of that in K562 and K562/ADM cell lines but possibly not correlated with the expression of Pglycoprotein.

Adeno-associated virus mediated endostatin gene therapy in combination with topoisomerase inhibitor effectively controls liver tumor in mouse model

AIM:rAAV mediated endostatin gene therapy has been examined as a new method for treating cancer.However, a sustained and high protein delivery is required to achieve the desired therapeutic effects.We evaluated the impact of topoisomerase inhibitors in rAAV delivered endostatin gene therapy in a liver tumor model. METHODS:rAAV containing endostatin expression cassettes were transduced into hepatoma cell lines.To test whether the topoisomerase inhibitor pretreatment increased the expression of endostatin,Western blotting and ELISA were performed.The biologic activity of endostatin was confirmed by endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation assays. The anti-tumor effects of the rAAV-endostatin vector combined with a topoisomerase inhibitor,etoposide,were evaluated in a mouse liver tumor model. RESULTS:Topoisomerase inhibitors,including camptothecin and etoposide,were found to increase the endostatin exPression level in vitro.The over-expressed endostatin, as a result of pretreatment with a topoisomerase inhibitor, was also biologically active.In animal experiments,the combined therapy of topoisomerase inhibitor,etoposide with the rAAV-endostatin vector had the best tumor- suppressive effect and tumor foci were barely observed in livers of the treated mice.Pretreatment with an etoposide increased the level of endostatin in the liver and serum of rAAV-endostatin treated mice.Finally,the mice treated With rAAV-endostatin in combination with etoposide showed the longest survival among the experimental models. CONCLUSION:rAAV delivered endostatin gene therapy in combination with a topoisomerase inhibitor pretreatment is an effective modality for anticancer gene therapy.

Candidate therapeutic agents in a newly established triple wild-typemucosalmelanoma cell line

Background:Mucosalmelanoma has characteristically distinct genetic features and typically poor prognosis.The lack of representativemucosal melanoma models,especially cell lines,has hindered translational research on this melanoma subtype.In this study,we aimed to establish and provide the biological properties,genomic features and the pharmacological profiles of a mucosal melanoma cell line that would contribute to the understanding and treatment optimization of molecularly-defined mucosal melanoma subtype.Methods:The sample was collected from a 67-year-old mucosal melanoma patient and processed into pieces for the establishment of cell line and patientderived xenograft(PDX)model.The proliferation and tumorigenic property of cancer cells from different passageswere evaluated,andwhole-genome sequencing(WGS)was performed on the original tumor,PDX,established cell line,and the matched blood to confirm the establishment and define the genomic features of this cell line.AmpliconArchitect was conducted to depict the architecture of amplified regions detected by WGS.High-throughput drug screening(HTDS)assay including a total of 103 therapeutic agents was implemented on the established cell line,and selected candidate agents were validated in the corresponding PDX model.Results:A mucosal melanoma cell line,MM9H-1,was established which exhibited robust proliferation and tumorigenicity after more than 100 serial passages.Genomic analysis of MM9H-1,corresponding PDX,and the original tumor showed genetic fidelity across genomes,and MM9H-1 was defined as a triple wild-type(TWT)melanoma subtype lacking well-characterized“driver mutations”.Instead,the amplification of several oncogenes,telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT),v-Rafmurine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1(BRAF),melanocyte Inducing transcription factor(MITF)and INO80 complex ATPase subunit(INO80),via large-scale genomic rearrangement potentially contributed to oncogenesis of MM9H-1.Moreover,HTDS identified proteasome inhibitors,especially bortezomib,as promising therapeutic candidates for MM9H-1,which was verified in the corresponding PDX model in vivo.Conclusions:We established and characterized a new mucosal melanoma cell line,MM9H-1,and defined this cell line as a TWT melanoma subtype lacking well-characterized“driver mutations”.The MM9H-1 cell line could be adopted as a unique model for the preclinical investigation of mucosal melanoma.

奥希替尼在老年非小细胞肺癌患者靶向治疗中的应用效果及对T细胞水平的影响

目的 探讨奥西替尼在老年非小细胞肺癌患者靶向治疗中的效果及对免疫水平的影响。方法 回顾性选择2018年1月至2020年12月老年非小细胞肺癌患者116例研究,根据治疗方法不同分为2组,各58例。对照组采用常规放化疗治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合奥西替尼治疗,3个月治疗后评估患者效果,比较2组总有效率、T细胞水平(CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+))、肿瘤标志物水平、不良反应发生率。结果 观察组治疗3个月总有效率为44.8%高于对照组25.9%(P<0.05);2组治疗后3个月CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平均低于治疗前(P<0.05);CD8^(+)水平高于治疗前(P<0.05);观察组治疗后3个月CD3^(+)(58.95±4.21)%、CD4^(+)(32.59±3.11)%、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)(1.21±0.22)高于对照组(P<0.05);CD8^(+)(26.81±3.32)%低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组干预3个月后CA125(91±8)U/ml、CYFRA21-1(1.26±0.24)μg/L及癌胚抗原(CEA)水平(34±5)μg/L均低于对照组(P<0.05);2组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 奥西替尼用于老年非小细胞肺癌患者靶向治疗中,能获得较好的总有效率,对患者T细胞水平影响较小,可降低肿瘤标志物水平,未增加不良反应发生率,值得临床推广应用。

Specific CEA-producing colorectal carcinoma cell killing with recombinant adenoviral vector containing cytosine deaminase gene

AIM: To kill CEA positive colorectal carcinoma cells specifically using the E coli cytosine deaminase (CD) suicide gene, a new replication-deficient recombinant adenoviral vector was constructed in which CD gene was controlled under CEA promoter and its in vitro cytotoxic effects were evaluated. METHODS: Shuttle plasmid containing CD gene and regulatory sequence of the CEA gene was constructed and recombined with the right arm of adenovirus genome DNA in 293 cell strain. Dot blotting and PCR were used to identify positive plaques. The purification of adenovirus was performed with ultra-concentration in CsCl step gradients and the titration was measured with plaque formation assay. Cytotoxic effects were assayed with MTT method, The fifty percent inhibition concentration (IC(50)) of 5-FC was calculated using a curve-fitting parameter. The human colorectal carcinoma cell line, which was CEA-producing, and the CEA-nonproducing Hela cell line were applied in cytological tests. An established recombinant adenovirus vector AdCMVCD, in which the CD gene was controlled under CMV promoter, was used as virus control. Quantitative results were expressed as the mean +/- SD of the mean. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA test. RESULTS: The desired recombinant adenovirus vector was named AdCEACD. The results of dot blotting and PCR showed that the recombinant adenovirus contained CEA promoter and CD gene. Virus titer was about 5.0 X 10(14)pfu/L(-1) after purification. The CEA-producing Lovo cells were sensitive to 5-FC and had the same cytotoxic effect after infection with AdCEACD and AdCMVCD (The IC(50) values of 5-FC in parent Lovo cells, Lovo cells infected with 100 M.O.I AdCEACD and Lovo cells infected with 10 M.O.I AdCMVCD were 】15000, 216.5+/-38.1 and 128.8+/-25.4 micromol.L(-1), P【0.001, respectively), and the cytotoxicity of 5-FC increased accordingly when the m.o.i of adenoviruses were enhanced (The value of IC(50) of 5-FC was reduced to 27.9+/-4.2 micromol.L(-1) in 1000 M.O.I AdCEACD infected Lovo cells and 24.8+/-7.1 micromol.L(-1) in 100 M.O.I AdCMVCD infected Lovo cells, P【0.05, P【0.01, respectively). The CEA-nonproducing Hela cells had no effect after infection with AdCEACD, but Hela cells had the cytotoxic sensitivity to 5-FC after infection with AdCMVCD (The IC(50) of 5-FC in parent Hele cells and Hela cells infected with AdCMVCD at 10 M.O.I was 】15000 and 214.5+/-31.3 micromol.L(-1), P【0.001). AdCEACD/5-FC system also had bystander effect, and the viability was about 30 percent when the proportion of transfected cells was only 10 percent. CONCLUSION: The recombinant adenovirus vector AdCEACD has the character of cell type-specific gene delivery. The AdCEACD/5-FC system may become a new, potent and specific approach for the gene therapy of CEA-positive neoplasms, especially colon carcinoma.

Recombinant scorpion insectotoxin AaIT kills specifically insect cells but not human cells

The nucleotide sequence deduced from the amino acid sequence of the scorpion insectotoxin AaIT was chemically synthesized and was expressed in Escherichia coli. The authenticity of this in vitro expressed peptide was confirmed by N-terminal peptide sequencing. Two groups of bioassays, artificial diet incorporation assay and contact insecticidal effect assay, were carried out separately to verify the toxicity of this recombinant toxin. At the end of a 24 h experimental period, more than 60% of the testing diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) larvae were killed in both groups with LC50 value of 18.4 microM and 0.70 microM respectively. Cytotoxicity assay using cultured Sf9 insect cells and MCF-7 human cells demonstrated that the toxin AaIT had specific toxicity against insect cells but not human cells. Only 0.13 microM recombinant toxin was needed to kill 50% of cultured insect cells while as much as 1.3 microM toxin had absolutely no effect on human cells. Insect cells produced obvious intrusions from their plasma membrane before broken up. We infer that toxin AaIT bind to a putative sodium channel in these insect cells and open the channel persistently, which would result in Na+ influx and finally cause destruction of insect cells.

养肺益气汤联合载药微球支气管动脉化疗在非小细胞肺癌治疗中的临床效果分析

目的:分析养肺益气汤联合载药微球支气管动脉化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床效果。方法:选择2020年1月—2023年1月启东市中医院肿瘤科收治的82例非小细胞肺癌患者,根据随机数表法分为化疗组、联用组,各41例。其中化疗组采用载药微球支气管动脉化疗治疗,而联用组采用养肺益气汤联合载药微球支气管动脉化疗治疗。比较两组肿瘤标志物、中医症候积分、毒副作用发生率。结果:治疗前,两组肿瘤标志物比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组肿瘤标志物均低于治疗前,且联用组低于化疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组中医症候积分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组中医症候积分均低于治疗前,且联用组低于化疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联用组毒副作用总发生率低于化疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在针对非小细胞肺癌进行治疗时,在载药微球支气管动脉化疗基础上予以养肺益气汤治疗能够进一步控制癌症病变,缓解各项临床症状,并降低毒副作用发生的可能性。

Antihepatoma effect of alpha-fetoprotein antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotides in vitro and in mice

AIM: To evaluate antihepatoma effect of antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotides (S-ODNs) targeted to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) genes in vitro and in nude mice. METHODS: AFP gene expression was examined by immunocytochemical method or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Effect of S-ODNs on SMMC-7721 human hepatoma cell growth in vitro was determined using microculture tetrazolium assay. In vitro antitumor activities of S-ODNs were monitored by measuring tumor weight differences in treated and control mice bearing SMMC-7721 xenografts. Induction of cell apoptosis was evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. RESULTS: Antisense S-ODN treatment led to reduced AFP gene expression. Specific antisense S-ODNs, but not control S-ODNs, inhibited the growth of hepatoma cells in vitro. In vitro, only antisense S-ODNs exhibited obvious antitumor activities. FACS analysis revealed that the growth inhibition by antisense S-ODNs was associated with their cell apoptosis induction. CONCLUSION: Antisense S-ODNs targeted to AFP genes inhibit the growth of human hepatoma cells and solid hepatoma, which is related to their cell apoptosis induction.

Personalized targeted therapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma continues to heavily burden clinicians worldwide. Researchers have discovered the genomic landscape of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, which holds promise for an era of personalized oncology care. One of the most pressing problems facing this issue is to improve the understanding of the newly available genomic data, and identify the driver-gene mutations, pathways, and networks. The emergence of a legion of novel targeted agents has generated much hope and hype regarding more potent treatment regimens, but the accuracy of drug selection is still arguable. Other problems, such as cancer heterogeneity, drug resistance, exceptional responders, and side effects, have to be surmounted. Evolving topics in personalized oncology, such as interpretation of genomics data, issues in targeted therapy, research approaches for targeted therapy, and future perspectives, will be discussed in this editorial.

替吉奥单药三线治疗转移性乳腺癌的临床效果

目的观察替吉奥单药三线治疗转移性乳腺癌的临床效果。方法选取2020年1月—2021年7月济南市中西医结合医院收治的转移性乳腺癌患者83例,采取随机盲选方式分为试验组41例与参照组42例。参照组患者实施常规药物治疗,试验组患者实施替吉奥治疗。比较2组患者临床疗效,治疗前后肿瘤标志物水平、免疫功能指标、Ki-67、血清指标及不良反应。结果试验组患者的客观缓解率及临床受益率均高于参照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。治疗后,2组患者癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原125(CA125)及多肽特异性抗原(TPS)均低于治疗前,且试验组均低于参照组(P<0.01);治疗后,2组患者CD3^(+)及CD4^(+)均高于治疗前,CD8^(+)低于治疗前,且试验组升高/降低幅度大于参照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);治疗后,2组患者Ki-67、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)均低于治疗前,且试验组均低于参照组(P<0.01)。试验组不良反应总发生率为19.51%,低于参照组的42.86%(χ^(2)=5.255,P=0.021)。结论替吉奥单药三线治疗转移性乳腺癌的效果确切,具有较高的疾病控制率和缓解率,可有效降低肿瘤标志物水平,提升机体免疫力,耐受度更高,可在临床广泛应用。

免疫调节药物联合R-GemOx方案治疗复发/难治性弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤的疗效及毒性影响评价

目的观察免疫调节药物联合R-GemOx方案治疗复发/难治性弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,R/R-DLBCL)的疗效及毒性影响。方法选取2017年5月至2019年4月杭州市临平区第一人民医院收治的R/R-DLBCL患者144例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(n=72)和观察组(n=72)。对照组采用R-GemOx方案治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用沙利度胺治疗。比较两组肿瘤负荷指标、白细胞介素-10(interleukin-10,IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)的表达差异,观察两组疗效和不良反应,随访36个月,记录平均生存时间。结果治疗后,两组乳酸脱氢酶、β2-微球蛋白、IL-10、TNF-α均较治疗前下降,且观察组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的客观缓解率和疾病控制率均高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组的不良反应主要以Ⅰ~Ⅱ级为主,观察组白细胞减少、血小板减少总发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。随访36个月后,观察组平均生存时间显著长于对照组(P<0.05)。结论免疫调节药物联合R-GemOx方案治疗R/R-DLBCL可降低肿瘤负荷指标、IL-10、TNF-α的表达,减少白细胞减少、血小板减少等不良反应的发生。

Recombinant human Flt3 ligand exerts both direct and indirect effects on hematopoiesis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the direct effects of the Flt3 ligand (FL) on hematopoiesis, such as the stimulation of the formation of hematopoietic colonies and the proliferation of dendritic cells, as well as the indirect stimulation of hematopoiesis, especially via the proliferation of endothelial cells. METHODS: Mononuclear cells from human cord blood were plated in methylcellulose medium containing different cytokines to induce hematopoietic colony formation. Dendritic cells (DCs) were induced from the mononuclear cells with a cytokine cocktail with or without recombinant human soluble FL (rhFL; 100 ng/ml). The Flt3 receptors on the surface of a human microvascular endothelial cell line (ECV) were analyzed by flow cytometry. The proliferation of ECV stimulated by rhFL was measured with the microculture tetrazolium assay. The levels of FL, IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF and GM-CSF in the supernatant of ECV cultures were measured by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: rhFL stimulates colony formation from cord blood when used as a sole stimulant. FL in combination with other cytokines increased colony formation significantly. The number of DCs was approximately 2.5 times higher when rhFL was used. rhFL stimulates the proliferation of ECV on which Flt3 receptors are expressed. Furthermore, ECV secretes FL, IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF and GM-CSF, which were augmented by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and rhFL. CONCLUSIONS: rhFL enhances hematopoietic colony formation and DC proliferation from human cord blood cells. FL not only stimulates the proliferation of ECV, but is also secreted by ECV. FL may exert direct and indirect effects on hematopoiesis.

舒林酸抑制人胃腺癌细胞增殖及诱导凋亡

目的在体外对舒林酸抗人胃腺癌细胞增殖和凋亡诱导作用及其机制进行初步研究.方法采用人胃腺癌细胞株 MKN45,MKN28作为研究对象.体外药物敏感试验(MTT)检测不同浓度和作用时间的舒林酸对细胞的增殖抑制效应;分别用 Hoechst33258细胞核荧光染色、透射电镜和 DNA 琼脂糖凝胶电泳观察舒林酸诱导的细胞凋亡改变;应用 Western 斑点免疫印迹法观察经舒林酸2rnmol·L^(-1)和4mmol·L^(-1)作用24h 后细胞内环氧化酶-2(COX-2)和凋亡抑制蛋白 Bcl-2表达程度的变化.结果舒林酸对人胃腺癌细胞 MKN45,MKN28的杀伤率随着剂量的增大和作用时间的延长而增加,舒林酸对不同类型的细胞杀伤率不同.舒林酸能够诱导人胃腺癌细胞 MKN45,MKN28产生凋亡,凋亡诱导作用的强弱同样具有时间和剂量依赖性,而且对不同类型胃癌细胞的凋亡诱导效应有显著差异.经舒林酸2 mmol·L^(-1)和4mmol·L^(-1)作用24h 后,MKN45细胞内 COX-2和 Bcl-2蛋白比未经舒林酸作用的细胞表达明显减少,而 MKN28细胞内 COX-2和 Bcl-2蛋白的表达未出现明显变化.结论舒林酸在体外对人胃腺癌细胞株 MKN45和 MKN28有良好的增殖抑制作用,诱导凋亡是其抑制胃癌细胞增殖的重要作用机制.舒林酸对人胃腺癌细胞的抑制和凋亡诱导作用与其抑制细胞内环氧化酶-2,并进而抑制 Bcl-2的表达有关,并可能与胃癌细胞的分化状态有关.

木犀草素抗肿瘤细胞增殖及增敏抗肿瘤药物作用研究

目的:研究黄酮类化合物木犀草素(Luteolin)对体外抗肿瘤细胞增殖,以及其与抗肿瘤药联用的增敏作用。方法:选用5μmol/L或10μmol/L木犀草素与不同浓度抗肿瘤药联合作用肿瘤细胞24 h后,用MTS法检测其体外抗增殖作用。结果:5μmol/L木犀草素对人非小细胞肺癌细胞(A549)、人子宫颈癌细胞(Hela)、人乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)、人胃腺癌细胞(AGS)、人胃癌细胞(MGC-803)的抗增殖作用均<20%,对人结肠癌细胞(Caco2)和人肝癌细胞(HepG2)的抗增殖作用约20%。Bexarotene单一用药时对Hela细胞抑制率达50%(IC50)的浓度约为2μmol/L,与5μmol/L木犀草素联用后IC50约0.2μmol/L,5μmol/L木犀草素与0.1μmol/L Bexarotene联用对Hela细胞的抗增殖作用达44%,Bexarotene与木犀草素联用在MGC-803、HepG2、A549细胞中增敏较小,在Caco2和MCF-7细胞中无增敏作用;顺铂单一用药时对Hela细胞的IC50>30μmol/L,与5μmol/L木犀草素联用后IC50约3μmol/L,联用后在MGC-803、HepG2和A549中增敏较小;博来霉素单一用药时对Hela细胞的IC50>100μmol/L,对A549细胞的IC50约为100μmol/L,与5μmol/L木犀草素联用后Hela细胞的IC50约为1μmol/L,与10μmol/L木犀草素联用后A549细胞的IC50约为10μmol/L。木犀草素与格列卫联用在MGC-803、HepG2、A549和AGS中增敏较小。结论:木犀草素在低于10μmol/L浓度时,对肿瘤细胞体外抗增殖作用较小。低浓度(5μmol/L^10μmol/L)的木犀草素在不同的肿瘤细胞中对抗肿瘤药的增敏作用强度不同,在Hela细胞中增敏作用最显著。

丹皮酚体内外抗人食管癌Eca-109细胞增殖及诱导凋亡的作用

目的研究丹皮酚(paeonol,Pae)在体内外对人食管癌细胞Eca-109的抑瘤作用及其对细胞凋亡的影响。方法采用噻唑蓝(MTT)体外试验法和灌胃给药体内抗肿瘤试验。光镜及电镜观察各组的肿瘤组织的形态学变化。应用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的缺口末端标记(TUNEL)法测定细胞凋亡指数。结果丹皮酚在体外对Eca-109细胞有明显的细胞毒作用,半数抑制浓度(IC50)为0.342mmol·L-1;体内灌胃给予丹皮酚25、50、100和200mg·kg-1对裸鼠移植人食管癌Eca-109的抑制率分别为10.67%、23.54%、27.91%和34.46%;顺铂5mg·kg-1组抑瘤率为58.71%;丹皮酚在100mg·kg-1剂量下与顺铂5mg·kg-1联合用药抑制率为77.91%。光镜下用药组可见较多凋亡的肿瘤细胞。透射电镜下可见肿瘤细胞核染色质浓缩边聚、胞质浓缩、核碎裂以及凋亡小体形成等典型的凋亡表现。用药组凋亡指数较对照组明显增加。结论丹皮酚在体内外具有抑制人食管癌Eca-109细胞增殖及诱导其凋亡作用。

甘草提取物诱导胃癌MGC-803细胞凋亡的初步研究

目的 :研究甘草提取物诱导胃癌MGC 80 3细胞发生凋亡。方法 :用荧光双染、琼脂糖凝胶电泳、流式细胞仪等方法 ,观察甘草提取物处理MGC 80 3细胞后细胞形态和染色质DNA等的变化 ,以双重免疫标记法和免疫组化法检测处理前后 p53基因表达的变化。结果 :激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察到处于不同凋亡进程中的细胞 ;流式细胞仪检测到显著的凋亡峰 ,且凋亡百分率呈浓度、时间依赖性 ;高浓度甘草提取物处理的MGC 80 3细胞的DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳呈现典型的“ladder” ;甘草提取物对p53基因表达没有影响。结论 :甘草通过p53非依赖途径诱导MGC 80 3细胞凋亡 ,可望作为一种新的细胞凋亡诱导剂用于胃癌的治疗。