The Evaluation of the Dietary Habits Influence on the Microhardness of Gingiva-Coloured Composite and Acrylic Denture Base Materials

Purpose: The study investigated the impact of dietary habits, specifically soda, milk kefir, water kefir, almond milk, and distilled water (control) consumption, on the microhardness of gingiva-coloured composite and acrylic denture bases. Methods: Materials included gingiva-coloured composite (Fusion Universal G1), acrylic (Imicryl), and subdivided Procryla group. Subgroups comprised 15 and 30-minute heat polymerized (Pro15, Pro30), and 1 wt% (Pro1Z) and 3 wt% (Pro3Z) zirconium added groups. Immersed in beverages for 1, 7, and 14 days, pH and microhardness were assessed. SEM examined random samples. Statistical analysis used repeated measures ANOVA, and post hoc tests (p Results: The gingiva-coloured composites displayed noteworthy time-associated microhardness changes (p 0.05). Despite variable pH levels in beverages, no substantial group interaction effects were observed (p > 0.05). Initial microhardness rankings shifted after a 14-day immersion. Conclusions: Gingiva-coloured composite exhibited the highest microhardness pre- and post-immersion, followed by Procryla30 and Imicryl groups. .

Multi-scale Modeling of the Effective Chloride Ion Diffusion Coefficient in Cement-based Composite Materials

N-layered spherical inclusions model was used to calculate the effective diffusion coefficient of chloride ion in cement-based materials by using multi-scale method and then to investigate the relationship between the diffusivity and the microstructure of cement-basted materials where the microstructure included the interfacial transition zone （ITZ） between the aggregates and the bulk cement pastes as well as the microstructure of the bulk cement paste itself. For the convenience of applications, the mortar and concrete were considered as a four-phase spherical model, consisting of cement continuous phase, dispersed aggregates phase, interface transition zone and their homogenized effective medium phase. A general effective medium equation was established to calculate the diffusion coefficient of the hardened cement paste by considering the microstructure. During calculation, the tortuosity （n） and constrictivity factors （Ds/Do） of pore in the hardened pastes are n^3.2, Ds/Do=l.Ox 10-4 respectively from the test data. The calculated results using the n-layered spherical inclusions model are in good agreement with the experimental results; The effective diffusion coefficient of ITZ is 12 times that of the bulk cement for mortar and 17 times for concrete due to the difference between particle size distribution and the volume fraction of aggregates in mortar and concrete.

A coin-tap method of composite materials non-destructive testing based on improved grey clustering

Aiming at the problems of low reliability and complex operation of traditional coin-tap test of composite material,this paper introduces the grey system theory and achieves better performance.The response signals of coin-tap are classified through the grey clustering based on relation analysis,and corresponding improvements are made to the calculation method of the relation degree of nearness.First,the time history of acceleration is taken as the system behavior sequence.The improved correlation calculation method is used to solve the relation degree of nearness between the sequences,and the matrix of degree of grey relation is constructed based on this.Then,the sequence groups are summarized through the matrix,and the response signals of coin-tap are qualitatively classified according to the location of the reference sequence.Finally,the defect detection of composite materials is completed without pre-testing.The test results show that the accuracy of the coin-tap test based on improved grey clustering reaches 100%,which simplifies the operation steps while ensuring the reliability of the coin-tap test results.

Smart Behavior of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Cement-based Composite

The electrical characteristics of cement-based material can be remarkably improved by the addition of short carbon fibers. Carbon fiber reinforced cement composite (CFRC) is an intrinsically smart material that can sense not only the stress and strain, but also the temperature. In this paper, variations of electrical resistivity with external applied load, and relation of thermoelectric force and temperature were investigated. Test results indicated that the electrical signal is related to the increase in the material volume resistivity during crack generation or propagation and the decrease in the resistivity during crack closure. Moreover, it was found that the fiber addition increased the linearity and reversibility of the Seebeck effect in the cement-based materials. The change of electrical characteristics reflects large amount of information of inner damage and temperature differential of composite, which can be used for stress-strain or thermal self-monitoring by embedding it in the concrete structures.

Piezoresistivity of Carbon Fiber Graphite Cement-based Composites with CCCW

The electrical conductivity and piezoresistivity of carbon fiber graphite cement-matrix composites（CFGCC） with carbon fiber content（1% by the weight of cement）,graphite powder contents （0%-50% by the weight of cement） and CCCW（cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing materials,4% by the weight of cement） were studied.The experimental results showed that the relationship between the resistivity of CFGCC and the concentration of graphite powders had typical features of percolation phenomena.The percolation threshold was about 20%.A clear piezoresistive effect was observed in CFGCC with 1wt% of carbon fibers,20wt% or 30wt% of graphite powders under uniaxial compressive tests,indicating that this type of smart composites was a promising candidate for strain sensing.The measured gage factor （defined as the fractional change in resistance per unit strain） of CFGCC with graphite content of 20wt% and 30wt% were 37 and 22,respectively.With the addition of CCCW,the mechanical properties of CFGCC were improved,which benefited CFGCC piezoresistivity of stability.

Machine learning technique for prediction of magnetocaloric effect in La(Fe,Si/Al)_(13)-based materials

Data-mining techniques using machine learning are powerful and efficient for materials design, possessing great potential for discovering new materials with good characteristics. Here, this technique has been used on composition design for La（Fe,Si/Al）（13）-based materials, which are regarded as one of the most promising magnetic refrigerants in practice. Three prediction models are built by using a machine learning algorithm called gradient boosting regression tree（GBRT） to essentially find the correlation between the Curie temperature（TC）, maximum value of magnetic entropy change（（？SM）（max））,and chemical composition, all of which yield high accuracy in the prediction of TC and（？SM）（max）. The performance metric coefficient scores of determination（R^2） for the three models are 0.96, 0.87, and 0.91. These results suggest that all of the models are well-developed predictive models on the challenging issue of generalization ability for untrained data, which can not only provide us with suggestions for real experiments but also help us gain physical insights to find proper composition for further magnetic refrigeration applications.

Effects of carbon nanotubes on hydrogen storage property of Mg-based nanocomposites

Mg-based hydrogen storage nanocomposites added with carbon nanotubes(CNTs) were prepared by mechanical milling under the atmosphere of hydrogen. The results show that because of their own excellent heat conductivity and good hydrogen storage ability, the carbon nanotubes improve the mass transfer and heat transfer properties of the Mg-based nanocomponents, thus enhancing the kinetic property of hydrogen absorption and desorption of the hydrogen storage nanocomposites, and raising the hydrogen storage capacity. Due to the addition of the carbon nanotubes, the milling stress in the process of preparing the Mg-based nanocomposites is reduced, the components can be closely bonded easily, and the additives can play better catalytic roles.

Review on Recent Progress of Nanostructured Anode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries

Lithium ion battery (LIB) is one of the promising power storage devices in today’s world. Lithium ion battery like other types of electrochemical cell has anodic and cathodic electrode in which lithium ion is intercalated and deinterclated during charging and discharging process respectively. The capacity of lithium ion battery is improved by the development of innovative kinds of electrode. Carbon, metal/semiconductor, metal oxides and metal phosphides/ nitrides/sulfides based nanomaterials improve the capability of LIBs due to their high surface area, low diffusion distance, high electrical and ionic conductivity. Nanostructured materials represent a rapidly growing area in the field of Li-ion batteries because of their substantial advantages in terms of mass transport. In this review anode nanomaterials classified based on type of transition metal/semiconductor such as carbon, silicon, titanium and tin based nanomaterials are discussed. Additionally, different electrochemical reactions, comparative influence of anode materials on LIBs and their applications are widely explained.

Oxidized film on C_p/Cu-Cd electrical contact material

Constituents of the oxidized surface film on diamond particles reinforced Cu-Cd alloy matrix composite （Cp/Cu-Cd） were investigated by XPS. The results show that Cu2O is the main constituent when the oxidized film is thin; CuO appears only after the film is rather thick. The originally formed oxidized film on the Cp/Cu-Cd is about 10nm in thickness and is mainly composed of Cu2O and Cu. After oxidized at 120℃ over 30h, CuO is detected in the film.

Preparation and characterizations of heat storage material combining porous metal with molten salt

A new type of heat storage materials combining high temperature molten salts phases change latent heat thermal storage materials, PCM with porous metals sensible heat thermal storage materials was developed. The process was expressed as following: firstly, it is necessary to heat up the molten salts phases change materials to molten; and then the porous metals are put into the molten bath; after being held for 13 h, the composite heat thermal storage materials lumps are taken out of the molten bath and cooled to atmospheric temperature; the last step is to electrodeposit a layer metal coat on the surface of the material lumps. The new type of heat storage material integrates the advantages of both solid sensible heat thermal storage materials and high temperature phases change latent heat thermal storage materials. The metal base heat storage materials enjoy some favorable characteristics such as higher heat charge discharge rate, higher heat storage density and better mechanical strength.

Comparative study of the fabrication of ultrafine Ti(C,N)-based cermets by spark plasma sintering and conventional vacuum sintering

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) and conventional vacuum sintering (VS) wereemployed to fabricate ultrafine Ti(C,N)-based cermets. The shrinkage behavior, microstracture, andporosity and mechanical properties of the samples fabricated by SPS were compared with those of thesamples sintered by VS using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, universal testingmachine, and rockwell tester. The results are as follows: (1) The shrinkage process occurred mainlyin the range of 1000-1300 deg C during the VS process, and only a 0.2 percent linear shrinkage ratioappeared below 800 deg C; during the SPS process, a 60 percent dimensional change occurred below800 deg C as a result of pressure action. (2) By utilizing the SPS technique, it is difficult forobtaining fully dense Ti(C,N)-based cermets. Due to the much existence of pores and un-combinedcarbon, the mechanical properties of the sintered samples by SPS are inferior to sintered ones byVS. (3) grain size of the samples sintered by SPS is still below 0.5 urn, but not by VS; because oflow sintering temperature, there are no typical core/rim structures formed in the sintered samplesby SPS1; the main microstructures of the sintered samples by SPS2 are a white core/grey shellstructure, whereas by VS show a typical black core/grey shell structure.

FORMATION MECHANISM OF MnBi PHASE IN Bi/MnBi EUTECTIC IN SITU COMPOSITE

Bi/MnBi eutectic in situ composite was produced by unidirectional solid-ification technique.The eutectic has a quasi-regular structure,in which the MnBi fi-bre is V-shaped in cross section and rod-like in longitudinal section,the aspect ratio isabout 300.The formation mechanism of this V-shaped MnBi phase was studied bycrystallographic analysis.The conclusion is that the(1120)face is the closest packedone while the(1010)face is the next.

Properties and Application of Iron-based Shape Memory Alloy

The properties of FeMnSiCrNi shape memory alloy were investigated. The results show that the best shape memory effect of Fe14Mn6Si9Cr5Ni alloy is 85%. The transformation amount of the ε→γ transformation is not complete after heating the alloy to 1000 K, As and Af points drop with increased transformation enthalpy (ΔH γ→ε ) by thermal cycling and increased prestrain. The alloy shows also good creep and stress relaxation resistance. In addition, the alloy having a tensile force of 20 kN and a sealing pressure of 6 MPa can satisfy requirements for possible industrial application on pipe joints.

SUPER-THIN COATING MATERIAL FOR HIGH-GRADE HIGHWAY

The road surface of cement concrete in highway is easily cracked and even destroyed due to inhomogeneous subsiding of the road foundation. In this work, a super-thin-coating material is prepared in order to repair the destroyed thin road surface, in which polymers and steel-fiber are added into ordinary concrete to form a steel fiber reinforced polymer-cement-based composite, the composite was successfully used to repair road surface. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites are measured and analyzed.

Effect of Zr on Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline (Nd, Pr)FeB/α-Fe Composite Alloys

For nanophase (Nd, Pr)FeB/α-Fe composite alloys were prepared by melt spinning, the appreciable addition of Zr reduces their average grain size. Observed by atom force microscopy (AFM), the average grain diameter of crystallized ribbons on their free surface, reduces from 175 nm of Zr-free alloy to 79 nm of Zr-1at%, by about 55%. If the concentration exceeds 1%, the effects of Zr on fining grain size are evidently weakened. The average grain size on free surface of Zr-1.5at% is 72 nm. With the addition of 1at% Zn, the bonded magnets has the best combination of properties: B_r=0.675 T, H_(ci)=616 kA·m^(-1), (BH)_(max)=77 kJ·m^(-3). Below 1at%, the coarser grains lead to a lower magnetic property. Beyond 1at%, the layer of Zr-rich intergranular phase will thicken, which results in weakening of the exchange coupling among adjacent grains, and then causes degrading of magnetic properties of magnets.

Fabrication of Fe–TiC–Al_2O_3 composites on the surface of steel using a TiO_2–Al–C–Fe combustion reaction induced by gas tungsten arc cladding

The aim of the present study was to fabricate Fe-TiC-Al2O3 composites on the surface of medium carbon steel.For this purpose,TiO2-3C and 3TiO2-4Al-3C-xFe（0 ≤ x ≤ 4.6 by mole） mixtures were pre-placed on the surface of a medium carbon steel plate.The mixtures and substrate were then melted using a gas tungsten arc cladding process.The results show that the martensite forms in the layer produced by the TiO2-3C mixture.However,ferrite-Fe3C-TiC phases are the main phases in the microstructure of the clad layer produced by the 3TiO2-4Al-3C mixture.The addition of Fe to the TiO2-4Al-3C reactants with the content from 0 to 20wt%increases the volume fraction of particles,and a composite containing approximately 9vol%TiC and A12O3 particles forms.This composite substantially improves the substrate hardness.The mechanism by which Fe particles enhance the TiC ＋ A12O3 volume fraction in the composite is determined.

聚氨酯改性水泥基材料研究进展

聚氨酯应用于水泥基材料中可以改善水泥基材料的弹韧性、抗冻和抗渗等性能。总结了聚氨酯对水泥基材料的工作性能、力学性能、微观结构及抗冻融性能的影响规律,提出了聚氨酯在水泥基材料中应用的局限性,并结合工程实际,探究了聚氨酯水泥基材料的应用场景,展望了聚氨酯水泥基材料的发展新趋势。

聚合物基陶瓷化复合材料的研究进展

聚合物基陶瓷化复合材料具有有机高分子材料和无机陶瓷的优异性能,可在高温下变成多孔结构和冲击陶瓷层,陶瓷层可阻碍热量传递,隔离可燃物与氧气的接触,因此具有很好的阻燃和耐火作用,是一种新型耐火和耐高温材料。介绍了聚合物基陶瓷化复合材料的组成及其陶瓷化机理,综述了聚合物基陶瓷化复合材料的分类,包括橡胶类陶瓷化复合材料、乙烯聚合物基陶瓷化复合材料、环氧树脂基陶瓷化复合材料、酚醛树脂基陶瓷化复合材料等。未来的研究重点主要集中在提高陶瓷填料与树脂基体的相容性、制备高效阻燃剂和高效陶瓷化体系的设计上。

亚麻纤维水泥基复合材料研究现状及发展展望

亚麻纤维具有断裂强度高、伸长变形小、弯曲性好、扭转刚度大等特点,因此亚麻纤维水泥基复合材料是一种应用前景广阔的土木工程材料。从亚麻纤维物理化学性质、亚麻纤维对水泥基复合材料性能的影响、亚麻纤维水泥基复合材料性能改善方法3个方面系统阐述了亚麻纤维水泥基复合材料的研究现状与存在问题。提出未来发展趋势:加强用亚麻纤维替代聚丙烯纤维制备水泥基复合材料;揭示潮湿情况下亚麻纤维水泥基复合材料性能演变规律;在三轴应力、潮湿条件耦合作用下构建亚麻纤维水泥基复合材料力学损伤模型;从增加亚麻纤维本体强度、改善亚麻纤维和水泥基材料界面黏结性角度来提高亚麻水泥基复合材料的应用性能。