Extraction of Laser Stripe Center Line Based on Genetic Algorithm and NURBS Interpolation

To improve the measurement accuracy of structured laser for inner surface dimensions of a deep hole, a new method to extract the laser stripe center line is proposed. An improved adaptive genetic algorithm that can converge rapidly and search the global optimum is used to determine the threshold for the laser stripe segmentation. And then NURBS interpolation which has a good local control capability is adopted to extract the laser stripe center line. Experiments show that the extracted laser stripe center line is stable and the diameter of the deep hole can be measured accurately.

Comparison of visual effects of FS-LASIK for myopia centered on the coaxially sighted corneal light reflex or the line of sight

AIM：To compare visual quality after femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis（FS-LASIK）,between the coaxially sighted corneal light reflex（CSCLR） group and conventional ablation line of sight（LOS） group.METHODS：In total,243 eyes（122 patients） were treated with centration on the CSCLR（visual axis） and 238 eyes（119 patients） treated with centration on the pupil center（LOS）.Postoperative outcomes [uncorrected visual acuity（UCVA）,best spectacle-corrected visual acuity（BSCVA）],safety index,efficacy index,refractive outcome,ablation center distance from the visual axis,corneal high-order aberrations,subjective discomfort glare and shadowing incidence rate,and contrast sensitivity at 1,3,and 6mo were measured and compared.RESULTS：The mean age was 27.77±7.1y in the CSCLR group and 26.03±7.70 y in the LOS group.Preoperatively,the manifest refraction spherical equivalent（MRSE） was-6.68±2.60 D in the CSCLR group and-6.65±2.68 D in the LOS group.The postoperative UCVA,BSCVA,MRSE（-0.03±0.263 D in the CSCLR group,-0.05±0.265 D in the LOS group）,efficacy index（1.04,1.03）,and safety index（1.09,1.08） were not significantly different between the groups（all P〉0.05）.In total,3% lost one line and more of BSCVA in the CSCLR group,as 9% in the LOS group postoperatively（P〈0.05）.The ablation center deviation was 0.20±0.15 mm from the visual axis（Pentacam system default setting;range,0-0.75 mm） in the CSCLR group,and 0.43±0.22 mm（range,0-1.32 mm） in the LOS group（P〈0.0001）.Statistically significant greater augmentationof total corneal higher-order aberrations（0.15±0.10 μm and 0.20±0.12 μm respectively,P=0.03） and vertical and horizontal coma（P〈0.0001） were noted in the LOS group.Subjective discomfort glare and shadowing incidence rates were 8.59% and 17.5% in the CSCLR and LOS groups,respectively（P〈0.05）.The 1-month postoperative contrast sensitivity visual acuity in the CSCLR group was significantly higher than that in the LOS group on contrast（100%,25%,10%） with a dark background,but there was no significant difference between the groups at 3 or 6m.CONCLUSION：Myopic LASIK centered on the CSCLR achieves significantly lower induction of loss of BSCVA,corneal high-order aberrations,and lower risk of subjective discomfort glare and shadowing,and lower decline in early contrast sensitivity by comparison with centration on the LOS,giving advantages in visual quality postoperatively.

A Study on Comprehensive Modeling for Errors in on-line Measuring System of Machining Center

Based on the theory of multi-body system (MBS), bine’s and huston’s methods are applied to an on-line measuring system of machining center in this paper. Through the study on modeling technique, the comprehensive model for errors calculation in an on-line measuring System of machining center have been built for the first time. Using this model, the errors can be compensated by soft.ware and the measuring accuracy can be enhanced without any more inveSt. This model can be used in all kinds of machining center.

m-degree Center-connecting Line of Finite Points Set and Its Properties

In this paper, we first give the concept of m-degree center-connecting line in n-dimensional Euclidean space Enand investigate its several properties, then we obtain the length of m-degree center-connecting line formula in finite points set. As its application,we extend the Leibniz formula and length of medians formula in n-dimensional simplex to polytope.

Crossing Limit Cycles of Planar Piecewise Hamiltonian Systems with Linear Centers Separated by Two Parallel Straight Lines

In this paper, we have studied several classes of planar piecewise Hamiltonian systems with three zones separated by two parallel straight lines. Firstly, we give the maximal number of limit cycles in these classes of systems with a center in two zones and without equilibrium points in the other zone (or with a center in one zone and without equilibrium points in the other zones). In addition, we also give examples to illustrate that it can reach the maximal number.

Research and Application for the Regularity of Distribution about Curvature Radius and Curvature Center of the Linkage Point Track in a Link Mechanism

It is illustrated that there exists an inflection circle on the linkage rigid body by the principle of relative motion. Confirmed methods of the inflection circle, curvature radius and curvature center of the point track on the linkage rigid body are given in the case of the different contact type of move instantaneous center line and static instantaneous center line. The regularity of distribution of curvature radius and curvature center of the point track is researched. The identification methods called determination parameters and auxiliary vertical line of the diameter and direction of the inflection circle in the four bar mechanism are pointed out. A design method of the crane hoisting mechanism is discussed in the end of this paper.

Determination of Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Fractions in Tartaric Acid, Oxalic Acid, Glucose and Fructose—National Center of High Technologies of Georgia

Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, glucose, and fructose are highly important compounds. A comprehensive study of these substances is fascinating from a scientific perspective. They are key components found in wine, vegetables, and fruits. Understanding the isotopic compositions in organic compounds is crucial for comprehending various biochemical processes and the nature of substances present in different natural products. Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, glucose, and fructose are widely distributed compounds, including in vegetables and fruits. Tartaric acid plays a significant role in determining the quality and taste properties of wine, while oxalic acid is also prevalent but holds great interest for further research, especially in terms of carbon isotopic composition. We can unveil the mechanisms of processes that were previously impossible to study. Glucose and fructose are the most common monosaccharides in the hexose group, and both are found in fruits, with sweeter fruits containing higher amounts of these substances. In addition to fruits, wheat, barley, rye, onions, garlic, lentils, peppers, dried fruits, beans, broccoli, cabbage, tomatoes, and other foods are also rich sources of fructose and glucose. To determine the mass fraction of the carbon-13 isotope in these compounds, it is important to study their changes during natural synthesis. These compounds can be modified with a carbon center. According to the existing isotopic analysis method, these compounds are converted into carbon oxide or dioxide [1]. At this point, the average carbon content in the given compound is determined, but information about isotope-modified centers is lost. Dilution may occur through the transfer of other carbon-containing organic compounds in the sample or by dilution with natural carbon or carbon dioxide during the transfer process. This article discusses the possibility of carbon-13 isotope propagation directly in these compounds, both completely modified and modified with individual carbon centers. The literature provides information on determining carbon-13 substance in organic compounds, both with a general approach and for individual compounds [2] [3].

Design of Compliant Straight-line Mechanisms Using Flexural Joints

Straight-line compliant mechanisms are important building blocks to design a linear-motion stage, which is very useful in precision applications. However, only a few configurations of straight-line compliant mechanisms are applicable. To construct more kinds of them, an approach to design large-displacement straight-line flexural mechanisms with rotational flexural joints is proposed, which is based on a viewpoint that the straight-line motion is regarded as a compromise of rigid and compliant parasitic motion of a rotational flexural joint. An analytical design method based on the Taylor series expansion is proposed to quickly obtain an approximate solution. To illustrate and verify the proposed method, two kinds of flexural joints, cross-axis hinge and leaf-type isosceles-trapezoidal flexural（LITF） pivot are used to reconstruct straight-line flexural mechanisms. Their performances are obtained by analytic and FEA method respectively. The comparisons of the results show the accuracy of the approach. Both examples show that the proposed approach can convert a large-deflection flexural joint into approximate straight-line mechanism with a high linearity that is higher than 5 000 within 5 man displacement. This can lead to a new way to design, analyze or optimize straight-line flexure mechanisms.

炮孔间距对偏心不耦合装药贯通裂纹扩展的影响

为研究光面爆破中偏心不耦合装药炮孔间距对贯通裂纹扩展的影响,利用同心不耦合装药的孔壁压力计算公式并结合应力波叠加原理,推导偏心不耦合装药的炮孔间距计算方法。基于求得的炮孔间距范围,计算3种岩石介质在不同炮孔间距条件下贯通裂纹的扩展位置,并选择砂岩材料进行数值模拟。结果表明:偏心不耦合装药爆破中,贯通裂纹主要集中于偏心侧;抗拉强度大的岩石,贯通裂纹偏离炮孔连心线的程度也较大。砂岩的炮孔间距为60 cm时,贯通裂纹扩展方向与炮孔连心线重合,连心线下方出现裂纹比较集中的贯通区域;炮孔间距的增大导致贯通裂纹远离炮孔连心线,从而造成欠挖。偏心不耦合装药爆破后,偏心侧岩石的损伤明显大于非偏心侧。

一种基于中线拓扑关系的巷道节点自适应平滑建模方法

地下空间中的三维巷道结构复杂,模型数据庞大,为解决巷道交叉口等特殊位置的精细化表达问题,本研究提出一种基于中线拓扑关系的巷道节点自适应平滑建模方法。该方法根据巷道中心线数据,自适应判别根结点下各子结点间的拓扑关系以区分各类型巷道,并设计一种半拱形曲面构建相应的模型组件,通过组件拼接的方式,实现精细化平滑建模。最后,通过对某一段巷道数据进行验证,建立了一个由三通、四通等各类交叉口平滑相连的完整巷道模型,为地下空间中复杂巷道的精准建模提供了有效的解决途径。

顺势而为——三星堆博物馆新馆电气设计

三星堆博物馆新馆电气设计以对博物馆展陈最小干预,平衡建筑功能和其他专业需求,兼顾电气装置能源效率为原则,在分析项目前期调研情况和用电需求基础上,从电气机房选址、供配电系统设计、展陈配合、防雷接地系统等方面介绍三星堆博物馆新馆如何根据园区现状、建筑布局、电气系统特点,进行顺势而为的电气设计。

基于3D激光雷达的鸡舍通道中心线检测方法

针对笼养鸡舍环境下光照强度弱、作业通道内狭小导致机器人巡检时通道中心线检测困难的问题,该研究利用3D激光雷达对鸡舍通道中心线进行获取。首先通过机器人搭载的3D激光雷达对鸡舍作业通道信息进行采集,利用直通滤波、地面点滤波、体素滤波、统计滤波和平面投影对获取的3D激光雷达点云数据进行预处理,获取XOY平面上的点云数据。通过改变K-means聚类初始点选择方式和聚类函数对预处理后的点云数据进行数据分类。利用改进RANSAC算法对分类后的数据进行处理,提取通道中心线。试验结果表明该研究提出的改进K-means聚类算法平均耗时6.98 ms,相较于传统的K-means聚类算法平均耗时减少了29.40 ms,准确率提高了82.41%。该研究提出的改进RANSAC算法中心线提取准确率为93.66%、平均误差角为0.89°、平均耗时为3.97 ms,比LSM算法得到的平均绝对误差角高0.14°,平均耗时减少6.15 ms。表明该研究提出的鸡舍通道中心线检测方法基本满足笼养鸡舍环境实时自主导航的需求,为巡检机器人在鸡舍作业通道内进行激光雷达导航提供了技术支撑。

钢铁物流中心平面布局研究

钢铁物流中心将物流的各个环节连接在一起,科学合理地布局钢铁物流中心,对于促进物流中心内各项物流活动高效运作、降低物流成本、提升物流服务质量具有重要意义。结合钢铁物流的特点,研究了钢铁物流中心的功能分区和作业流程,提出适合钢铁物流中心平面布局的原则。根据铁路装卸线是否进入仓库,以及库内桥吊与铁路装卸线的相对关系不同,研究了铁路布置在库外和库内、桥吊垂直和平行铁路布置等4种平面布局方案,并给出了不同布局方案的适用场景。最后结合长沙北货场钢铁物流中心实例,对钢铁物流中心平面布局进行说明,对钢铁物流中心的规划和设计具有一定的参考意义。

基于双三次插值和高斯拟合的光条中心亚像素提取方法

针对结构光三维测量的高精度要求,提出一种基于双三次插值和高斯拟合的激光线条亚像素提取方法。该方法首先对光条图像进行感兴趣区域提取、高斯滤波等前处理,其次用形态学方法细化激光线条得到初始中心点,然后使用五点拟合法得到光条法线方向,在光条法线方向上取亚像素的拟合点,利用双三次插值得到亚像素坐标的像素值,最后进行高斯拟合,到光条亚像素中心。实验结果表明,算法平均精度值为0.389147像素,消耗时间为0.056 2 s,具有较高的提取精度和稳定性。

单目结构光在异形工件三维重构及测量中的应用

针对工业生产中异形工件尺寸在线测量的难题,将单目相机与线激光相结合,以突破传统测量技术在复杂几何形状、成本、避免表面损伤和测量精度方面的局限性。针对线结构光条纹中心提取的挑战,对传统的Steger算法改进提出双重调节优化算法,优化Steger算法中的二值化阈值参数和光条宽度参数,以提高算法在检测条纹中心时的准确性和鲁棒性。实验结果表明:采用基于线结构光和单目相机的测量方法以及改进的结构光条纹中心提取技术,对异形工件进行了三维重构,测量误差在0.10 mm以内,处于可接受的范围。相较于传统方法,基于线结构光和单目相机的新测量方法提取的条纹中心位置更准确,能实现对异形工件的高精度测量。

基于二阶混联灵敏度矩阵的ECT图像重建

电容层析成像技术求解图像重建问题属于非线性问题。在灵敏度矩阵的推导过程中,通常只保留灵敏度系数的线性部分,但是被忽略的非线性部分同样包含重要的成像信息。为了提高图像重建精度,基于二阶灵敏度系数的数学定义,结合模糊C-均值聚类算法和电场中心线理论,建立了二阶混联灵敏度矩阵,并将矩阵引入到Landweber算法中,提出了二阶Landweber算法;最后,进行仿真和静态实验,并与传统的Tikhonov算法和一阶Landweber算法进行对比,结果表明,二阶混联灵敏度矩阵可以提高图像重建精度。

超声波探伤探头旋转体中心精度调试方法

为了快速及时掌握无缝钢管旋转式超声波探伤线旋转体中心偏差数据和输送辊道精度的变化情况,确保探伤结果的准确性,研发了一种新的旋转式超声波探伤设备中心偏差检测方法。通过对超声波旋转体的机械结构进行分析和尺寸确认,确定纵向组合晶片探头入射角度,通过对组合晶片不同通道界面波在示波器上显示位置一致性判定探头声束中心和旋转体中心的一致性即旋转体探头中心精度。该方法快速确保了旋转体和探头中心的一致性,满足了生产和质检的需要。

基于线激光的穴盘格三维重建与参数提取

现代农业嫁接过程中穴盘的参数主要依靠人工输入,针对现代农业自动化嫁接过程中取苗操作时穴盘的参数获取问题,设计了一种基于线结构光三维扫描终端;该扫描终端使用HSV(Hue,Saturation,Value)阈值处理、连通域提取、基于边缘和灰度融合的亚像素中心线提取等步骤提取激光线条中心线;提出了一种穴盘格外壁线激光三维扫描和点云数据处理的方法。首先从点云数据中提取出中央穴盘格外壁和穴盘上边沿;其次,获取取苗操作时所需要的穴盘的高度、穴盘格下底部直线边长、穴盘格顶上开口直线边长、穴盘格下底部曲线边长、穴盘格上开口曲线边长、穴盘壁曲面在不同高度下的三维建模。实验结果表明,该方法提取出的参数平均误差为0.68 mm。

亚跨声速风洞短轴探管速度场校测可行性研究与验证

根据GJB1179A-2012《低速和高速风洞流场品质要求》规定,速度场校测是风洞流场校测的关键项目,是评价风洞是否具备开展型号试验能力的重要依据。轴探管是用于亚跨声速风洞速度场校测的通用校测仪器。为了降低轴探管对流场的扰动,并在试验段内产生无干扰的流场,一般要求堵塞度不超过0.5%,头锥位于风洞收缩段内。近年来,随着国内2 m量级以上的大型跨声速风洞立项建设,传统的轴探管设计方案在制造、安装以及校测等方面都存在一定的困难。针对该问题,通过对轴探管头部气动外形以及安装位置的优化,削弱了轴探管头锥激波强度和扰动范围,发挥试验段加速区的消波能力,在试验段内产生了与传统长轴探管一致的无干扰流场,大大缩短了轴探管的长度,为大型跨声速风洞速度场校测的轴探管设计提供了一种可行的技术方案。

基于综合平差的弧形闸门几何公差分析模型

孔口中心线是弧形闸门安装、故障诊断的几何基础,但在工程上常面临不易保存、难以复现的难题。对此,综合各埋件与孔口中心线的几何关系,基于附有参数的条件平差理论,实现了孔口中心线的准确求解;并根据弧形闸门的空间结构,建立了坐标维度具备工程含义的几何公差分析坐标系,由此提出了一种基于综合平差的弧形闸门几何公差分析模型。理论和工程实践表明,该模型可准确复现孔口中心线,并直观、高效地分析各埋件的几何公差,具有极强的工程价值和研究意义。