Translation Peripheries:Paratextual Elements in Translation述评——翻译研究的副文本视角

副文本(paratext)指那些存在于文本以内和文本以外"阈限"(liminal)的相关文本,它们包围并延长正文本.副文本可以分为内文本(peritext)和外文本(epitext).内文本指封面、标题页、作者姓名、副标题、题词、前言、序言、注释、跋、后记等;外文本包括采访、日记、访谈、书信、出版社的广告、海报等(Genette,1997:xviii).副文本和正文本一起构成完整的作品.在翻译研究领域,副文本概念和视角的引入能拓展翻译理论阐释空间,给翻译研究的各个领域,包括翻译史、文学翻译、视听翻译、翻译中的意识形态话语分析等提供广泛的话题和研究方法.

东大别造山带周缘洞体应变观测与气压效应

对东大别造山带周缘5个观测站的洞体应变观测资料进行气压效应分析,结果发现:1)在低频带,洞体应变、气压与固体潮三者间的相关性较弱;在中频带,由于受日月引力潮汐作用的影响,三者间两两相关性明显;在高频带,洞体应变和气压的相关性虽不及中频带,但随频率的增大有呈指数增加的趋势。由此可知,在中频带洞体应变对气压的响应突出。2)在2019—2022年9次短周期气压波动事件过程中,洞体应变在时域、频域、变化形态和空间传播方向等方面呈现出与气压变化相似的特征。3)结合5个观测站不同的基岩岩性、覆盖厚度和地形特征认为,麻城台的基岩岩性完整、进深大,气压响应幅度最显著,平均气压系数最大,其覆盖层岩体弹性较好;相反,金寨台的台基岩性为片麻岩,表层较破碎,气压响应幅度最小,其覆盖层岩体弹性较差。

Extrinsic sound stimulations and development of periphery auditory synapses

The development of auditory synapses is a key process for the maturation of heating function. However, it is still on debate regaralng wnemer the development of auditory synapses is dominated by acquired sound stimulations. In this review, we summarize relevant publications in recent decades to address this issue. Most reported data suggest that extrinsic sound stimulations do affect, but not govern the development of periphery auditory synapses. Overall, periphery auditory synapses develop and mature according to its intrinsic mechanism to build up the synaptic connections between sensory neurons and/or interneurons.

The Extraordinary Rainfall over the Eastern Periphery of the Tibetan Plateau in August 2020

A large amount of accumulated precipitation was recorded over the Eastern Periphery of the Tibetan Plateau(EPTP)in August 2020.Using hourly rain gauge records and the ERA5 reanalysis dataset,we analyzed the unique characteristics of rainfall in August and the accompanying circulation conditions and conducted a comparison with previous data.This record-breaking amount of accumulated rainfall was centered on the northern slope of the EPTP.This location was in contrast with the historical records of the concentration of rainfall over the middle and southern slopes.The hourly rainfall in August 2020 was both more frequent and more intense than the climatological mean rainfall.An amplification effect of the topography was observed,with the precipitation over the EPTP showing a more significant change with terrain height in August 2020.A circulation analysis showed that cold(warm)anomalies existed over the north(south)of approximately 35°N compared with those in the years when the southern EPTP received more rain.The western Pacific subtropical high was more intense and extended to the west,and the low-level cold air from the north was more active.The enhanced low-level southerly winds on the periphery of the subtropical high injected warm,moist air further north than the climatological mean.These winds became easterly near the northern EPTP and were forced to ascend by the steep terrain.

Vegetation actualities and feasibility of restoration for the periphery of oasis in extreme arid region: taking Qira County of Xinjiang as an example

The periphery of oasis plays an important role in mutual transformation between desert and oasis. Vegetation is an important part in the ecosystem and it is an important index indicating certain landscape, Based on several times field investigation, this paper attaches importance to the feasible measures for vegetation restoration according to the current condition of study area - Qira County of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, In order to improve die local ecological environment, people lived in Qira County should work bard to protect their homehind and reduce the degree of sandstorm, More protection forest should be established along with other ecological techniques. Results derived from this study contribute largely to the ecological environmental protection of oasis.

Study of Atmospheric Predictability Based on Periphery Theory

The system periphery （＂jieke＂ in Chinese） is defined as a part of the system and is adjacent to its environment. The periphery is an in- termediary agent between the system and its environment, and has two functions： defending system itself and exchanging with the environment. Generally, the periphery is defined on space dimension. We will investigate the periphery from the time dimension, and study a time jieke based on set theory viewpoint; initial values and forecast lead in weather forecast are clarified. Further predictability of weather forecast on the basis of periph- ery theory is defined; its calculation formulae are given, with which computing for day-to-day forecast were carded out. The results have been com- pared with present researches of atmospheric predictability, and it shows advancing the predictability study. Most interesting is that atmospheric pre- dictability possesses rule of gold ratio 0.618, and it is found firstly in research of weather and climate predictability.

Innervation of Cholinergic Vestibular Efferent System in Vestibular Periphery of Rats

The innervation of cholinergic efferent fibers in the vestibular endorgans of the rat was investigated using a modified preembedding immunostaining technique of immunoelectron microscopy. A monoclonal antibody to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was used as a marker of cholinergic fibers. It was found that there were four types of cholinergic innervation in the vestibular endorgans of the rat: (1) cholinergic nerve endings formed axo-dendritic synapses with afferent chalice surrounding the type I sensory hair cells; (2) cholinergic nerve endings formed axo-somatic synapses with type Ⅱ hair cells; (3) cholinergic fibers synapse with afferent nerve fibers and (4) a synaptic contact developed between cholinergic nerve endings. The results demonstrated that a multiform innervation of the cholinergic efferents exists in the rat vestibular periphery.

Dynamics of the Vegetation Landscapes of the Mbere Valley’s National Park and Its Southern Periphery

The present study is about the dynamics of the vegetation landscapes of the Mbere Valley’s National Park and its southern periphery (MVNP). The physical and human characteristics of this area, translated by an inter-twining of natural, anthropic and institutional factors, predispose its vegetation cover to a dynamic which can be progressive or regressive according to the dominant factor. The present study aims at reconstituting the various space-time variations of the MVNP vegetation cover and its periphery between 1987 and 2014, and at determining the processes and the factors having supported these space-time variations of vegetation cover. The methodological step consists of an association of fieldwork and remote sensing in order to characterize the vegetation cover, to reconstitute the evolution of the vegetation cover and to determine the main factors of the processes of this evolution or dynamic. The diachronic analysis shows that the dynamics of the vegetation cover was marked by a progressive evolution between 1987 and 1999, and a regressive evolution between 1999 and 2014. On the base of fieldwork observations and the socio-economic surveys, it arises that the dynamics of the vegetation cover of the valley of Mbere and its periphery is subjected to the combined influence of the natural conditions, from the recurring anthropic disturbances as well as the weight of regulatory measures.

Mechanism and Distribution of Calcareous Interbeds in Songtao Uplift and Its Periphery of Qiongdongnan Basin

Based on core and casting slice observation, well drilling and logging data, the source of carbonate materials, lithology together with electric properties, types, genesis mechanism and distribution of calcareous interbeds in Songtao uplift and its periphery of Qiongdongnan Basin have been thoroughly analyzed. Results show that typical features have been appeared from well logging curves, containing low gamma-ray, low acoustic travel time, low neutron value, high density, as well as bright white calcium nodules or bands in electrical imaging well-logging curves. Drilling results reveal that calcareous interbeds developed mostly in high position of paleostructures and their distribution was controlled by the combined effects of macroscopic and microscopic factors. Macroscopically, calcareous interbeds relate to paleogeomorphology together with the combination of sandstone and mudstone. They are also controlled microscopically by the source of carbonate cements and pore space. Under normal circumstances, with regard to the same sand, the closer to the mudstone and the thicker of mudstone, the more conducive to the formation of calcareous interlayer. Low compaction strength, high content of rigid particles, coarse grain size, well-sorted sandstone and large pore space during carbonate cementation are favorable for the development of calcareous interbeds.

Ecotoudsm Model and Benefits of Periphery Regions in Western Sichuan Province

There are many problems in the minority regions of western Sichuan Province,such as serious soil erosion,fragile ecological environment,low levels of economy and so on.Ad- vantages of tourism resources in the"periphery regions"should be fully utilized,and"multi-tourism"meets the characteristics and present situation of the minority regions.The"multi-tourism de- velopment model"can exert the functions of tourism as the key industry.Based on the demands and the internal linkages among different industries,the model can accelerate the development of related-industries,such as eco-agriculture,eco-industry and so on. Through implementing the multi-tourism model,we can fully utilize the advantages of the periphery regions and promote the sustainable development of regional economy.

Poetic Religiosity in Brazilian Urban Peripheries

Starting from the observation of a greater religious pluralism of the Brazilian society, we ask ourselves, in the f＇trst instance, if it is a movement does not present itself as a paradigmatic change. That is, if as beliefs underlying social relations in a binary world of identity exclusions would not be in a process of weakening, allowing us to perceive new ways of latent arrangements. In a second instance, after recognizing that plurality requires recognition of the freedoms of belief and expression, we question the limits of such freedom point to a cosmopolitan ethics. For that matter, we take as reference in the non-religions in the Brazilian urban peripheries.

Development of the Urban Periphery and Issues Related to Urban Landscape Due to Gated Communities

Due to the industrialisation and rapid urbanisation after 1950＇s, housing demand has increased together with an insufficient housing production to meet the need in Turkey. As a consequence of the large deficit between the annual housing demand and supply, squatter housing construction was the major means for shelter of low income families who can not have their place in the housing market as buyers. Squatter houses are located either on the peripheries of the cities or mostly outside of the urban boundaries on public land or illegally subdivided land by creating many physical, social and environmental problems. After 1990＇s, depending on the globalisation wind and neo-liberal policies that enriched the new elites who have new life styles, the housing capital focused on these group. After 1999 earthquake in Turkey, the fear of possible earthquake has also changed the housing preference as from the high-rise apartment buildings to the lower detached houses. As a consequence of this supply-demand chain, the private housing investment was directed to the gated communities which are isolated settlements with restricted access, so that public spaces are privatised or their use is prohibited or controlled on the edge of the metropoliten cities. These settlements also have physical and social problems. This paper will analyze the change of urban periphery, location and relation with the natural thresholds and the main transportation system of these settlements of Turkey in the light of literature review and some development plans and interview with real estate developers and users.

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON TREATMENT OF 120 CASES OF PERIPHERY FACIAL PARALYSIS WITH PENETRATION NEEDLING

In the present study, the therapeutic effect of penetration needling was observed in 120 cases facial paralysis patients and compared with that of the routine needling in another 105 cases. Results showed that though no significant difference was found between these two groups in the therapeutic effect, the acupoints used were fewer in penetration needling group and its effect on tear and posterior auricular pain was superior to that of routine needling.

Voices From the Periphery？ The Polyphony of Hip Hop and the Portuguese Community

The present work fits into a wider investigation that I have been carrying on for my project on the peculiarities of Portuguese hip hop. Through our reflections today we would like to identify some of the effects of the globalizing forces that have perturbed hip-hop culture and discuss if and how these have influenced its original purposes and messages, or the nature itself of the movement. We would also like to offer our perspective on the consequences of the entrance of hip-hop music in the international marketplace since this passage represents an important moment of its history and development and one of the strongest factors of change within this culture. We will take our examples from the Lusophone, and more specifically the Portuguese, hip bop movement, having a look at what it was in the past----or at its beginning--and at what it is today, in order to understand if we can still consider it a manifestation of peripheral voices.

“一带一路”倡议下中国国际合作话语权的提升

当前世界正处于百年未有之大变局,世界多极化、经济全球化历史潮流势不可当。话语权博弈是大国竞争的重要组成部分,然而,中国等发展中国家在国际合作话语权领域却面临一定的困境。从依附论的角度看,国际合作话语权领域仍呈现鲜明的“中心外围”的依附结构,“外围”的发展中国家在范式、理论、价值、传播等维度均存在对美西方等“中心”国家的“话语依附”。2013年以来,“一带一路”倡议实现了中国国际合作话语权从理念到行动、从愿景到现实的转化,在提供实践场域、供给理论养分、搭建交流桥梁、壮大传播平台等方面为磨砺和增强中国国际合作话语权提供了有利条件,与此同时,变革国际合作话语体系的不平等格局、提升中国话语权的事业仍任重道远。随着共建“一带一路”进入第二个十年,中国应将国际合作话语权建设作为未来工作的着力点,通过完善理论建设、凸显价值追求、开展话语对接、优化话语传播等路径,着力提升中国国际合作话语权的影响力,助力广大发展中国家摆脱对美西方国家的话语依附,共同为实现新型国际合作积极发声、贡献智慧。

COMBINED TREATMENT OF 200 CASES OF PERIPHERY FACIAL PARALYSIS WITH ACUPUNCTURE AND CHINESE MEDICINAL HERBS

In the present study, 200 cases of periphery facial paralysis were treated with combined therapies of handle needle, electroacupuncture (EA), electronic moxibustion and oral administration of Supplemented Qianzheng San. After treatment, of the 200 cases, 176 were cured, 15 had marked improvement and 9 had improvement. Two groups of acupoints were chosen and used alternately for keeping the excitement of acupoints, preventing acupoint fatigue and raising the therapeutic effect. In the acute stage of periphery facial palsy, acupuncture treatment was performed using shallow needling, mild manipulation and no needling penetration. In the convalescence stage and sequela stage, penetration needling was adopted and stronger stimulation given. During acute period and when facial muscular spasm appeared, EA stimulation was not suitable for facial acupoints. Over use of vision should be avoided.

变局与应对:留学新态势下研究生拔尖创新人才自主培养研究

拔尖创新人才培养是教育系统的重要功能,也是我国的一个重大教育政策目标。高等教育系统尤其是研究生教育系统在拔尖创新人才的培养中发挥着不可或缺的作用。自改革开放以来,我国一方面坚持独立培养高层次人才,另一方面采取鼓励留学的政策,从而在研究生拔尖创新人才的培养中形成了本土与留学的二元路径。但是,随着国际地缘政治的变化以及我国自主培养能力的增强,留学培养模式正在发生深刻变化。疫情后我国顶尖高校出国读研比例呈明显下降趋势,同时一些无法去美国留学读研的学生转而到英国、新加坡等国家留学。在此背景下,我国应一方面抓住优秀生源供给增加的历史机遇,持续提高研究生拔尖创新人才自主培养的能力,另一方面继续坚持教育对外开放,进一步促进留学目的国的多元化,以降低留学趋势变化带来的风险。

采用生理响度感知机制的车内噪声声品质预测

现有车内噪声声品质预测的响度计算中没有考虑真实人耳生理解剖结构的传声特性,因此提出了一种基于生理响度感知模型的车内噪声声品质预估方法。首先,采集两款轿车的车内噪声样本,并通过主观评价试验得到车内噪声的主观评价烦恼度。之后,整合中耳集总参数模型与耳蜗传输线模型,构建生理响度模型。然后,以生理响度模型的响度计算值为主要参数,结合尖锐度、粗糙度与车内噪声的主观评价值,通过TabNet模型构建了车辆声品质预测模型。最终,对比分析了所构建声品质模型与基于现有标准响度模型所构建的声品质模型的预测效果。结果表明,采用生理响度模型的声品质预测平均误差百分比仅有4.73%,优于采用Moore响度(6.13%)与Zwicker响度(6.94%)的声品质预测结果。此外,所构建的TabNet声品质预测模型的平均误差百分比也低于基于BP神经网络模型的平均误差百分比(7.60%)。采用生理响度模型的TabNet声品质预测能够提高车内噪声声品质客观评价的准确率。

柴达木盆地周缘沉积锰矿带:一个极具资源潜力的锰矿集中区

近年来在阿尔金、祁连山和东昆仑地区的沉积型锰矿找矿工作取得了突破性进展。从空间分布特征看,这些锰矿均沿柴达木盆地周缘展布。前人曾针对单个矿床地质特征进行过研究,但对于柴达木盆地周缘的锰矿为什么主要形成于中—新元古代至早古生代、锰矿与柴达木地块及周缘造山带演化之间的关系等尚缺少深入的研究与总结。本文从东昆仑、阿尔金、祁连山等环柴达木盆地周缘造山带的角度,分析了沉积锰矿床地质特征和产出规律,重塑了原特提斯洋在青藏东北部的演化过程,为深入理解原特提斯构造演化与沉积锰矿成矿作用的关系提供证据。