An Energy-Saving Control Strategy on Central Air-Conditioning System

An energy-saving control strategy based on predictive control for central air-conditioning systems is proposed in this paper. The cold load model is developed to describe the dynamic characteristics of temperature control systems, and then parameters in the cold load model and in the central air-conditioning system model are estimated. Generalized predictive control (GPC) is used to establish an optimization model to minimize the consumption of energy and the control error of temperature. The simulated annealing (SA) algorithm, combined with quadratic programming, is adopted to solve the optimal problem. Contrasted with the simulation of traditional PID control, the results prove the effectiveness of this proposed strategy.

Energy performance assessment on central air-conditioning system of commercial building: A case study in China

Energy performance assessment on central air-conditioning system is essential to optimize operating, reduce operating costs, improve indoor environmental quality, and determine whether the retrofitting of the equipment is necessary. But it is difficult to evaluate it reasonably and comprehensively due to its complexity. A "holistic" approach was discussed to evaluate the energy performance of central air-conditioning system for an extra-large commercial building in a subtropical city. All procedures were described in detail, including field investigation method, field measurement instruments, data processing and data analyzing. The main factors affecting energy consumption of air-conditioning system were analyzed and the annual cooling-energy use intensity of this building was calculated and also compared with other shopping malls and other types of buildings in Guangzhou. And COP(coefficient of performance) of chiller, water transfer factor of chilled water system and cooling water system were taken into consideration. At last, the thermal comfort and indoor air quality issues were addressed. The results show that the chilled water pumps are over-sized and the indoor environmental quality should be improved. The purpose of this work is to provide reference for energy performance assessment method for air-conditioning system.

Joint Resource Allocation and Admission Control Mechanism in Software Defined Mobile Networks

This paper presented a joint resource allocation(RA) and admission control(AC) mechanism in software defined mobile networks(SDMNs). In this mechanism, the joint RA and AC problem can be formulated as an optimization problem with the aim of maximizing the number of admitted users while simultaneously minimizing the number of allocated channels. Since the primal problem is modeled to be a mixed integer nonlinear problem(MINLP), we attain the suboptimal solutions to the primal MINLP by convex relaxation. Additionally, with the global information collected by the SDMNs controller, a centralized joint RA and AC(CJRA)algorithm is proposed by the Lagrange dual decomposition technique to obtain the global optimum. Meanwhile, we propose an OpenFlow rules placement strategy to realize CJRA in an efficient way. Moreover, a distributed algorithm is also developed to find the local optimum, showing a performance benchmark for the centralized one. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed centralized algorithm admits more users compared with the distributed.

An Efficient Routing Tree Algorithm for Combined Uplink and Downlink Subframes on Centralized Scheduling in IEEE 802.16 Based Wireless Mesh Networks

IEEE 802.16 mesh mode defines routing tree for transmitting data in centralized scheduling but it does not define any explicit proposal for combining uplink and downlink subframes. Deploying combined uplink and downlink subframes on the centralized scheduling scheme can be more flexible and utilization is improved. However, existing interferences among the transmission of neighboring nodes lead to performance reduction of the network. In this paper, an efficient routing tree algorithm is proposed with combined uplink and downlink slot allocation on the centralized scheduling scheme which can abate interferences in the network. This algorithm allows more subscriber stations to transmit concurrently and so improves spatial reuse in the network. Also, the algorithm uses multi-channel and single channel systems and considers relay model, smoothing switching frequently between transmitting and receiving in successive time slots and fairness in the network. Extensive simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of scheduling length, link concurrency ratio, network throughput and Channel Utilization Ratio (CUR).

劳动力流动赋能城乡融合:理论机制与实证检验——基于安徽省6县1002个农户的问卷调查

城乡融合在构建新型城乡关系中发挥着基础性作用,劳动力流动则为城乡融合目标的实现提供了新的可能。安徽省作为传统的农业大省及全国农村劳动力转移大省,城乡融合问题是制约其经济发展的重要因素。因此,基于微观调研数据,探究安徽省劳动力流动对城乡融合发展的影响,并通过机制分析检验资源配置和人力资本在劳动力流动赋能城乡融合过程中的间接作用。研究发现:劳动力流动显著促进了城乡融合发展,这一结论在经过一系列严谨检验后依然成立;劳动力流动可以通过优化资源配置、聚集人力资本等路径有效推动城乡融合;劳动力流动对城乡融合发展的促进效应存在明显的区域异质性,尤其在对政策相对不完善地区的城乡融合促进上,其效应更为显著。基于此,为进一步全面深化改革、促进城乡融合发展、推进中国式现代化建设,提出应统筹资源配置、促进城乡产业融合,激发人才活力、增强城乡一体意识,完善市场规则、健全按要素分配制度,深化土地改革、推进新型城镇化建设,增强政策导向、规范劳动力有序流动等建议。

资金风险管控与金融资源配置协同——基于六家中央企业境外资金管理的创新实践研究

随着中央企业全球化经营步伐的持续迈进,司库管理延伸到境外企业,加强境外资金管理受到广泛关注。本文选择中国化学、中国电建、中国能建、中广核、中国石油、中国中车六家中央企业作为案例研究对象,从司库体系下境外资金管理理念升级、境外财资平台设立、跨境资金池架构、境内外资金统筹配置和境外资金风险防控五个方面梳理总结中央企业境外资金管理的创新实践。

《立法法》试点立法条款的分离设置及其权力逻辑

本轮《中华人民共和国立法法》修改过程中形成了一种统一规范试点立法条款的共识性建议,但最终并未被采纳,而是对有关制度采取了分离设置模式。盖因此种建议的强守法主义逻辑与立法内在要求相悖,其单向视角亦未能顾及央地关系的核心现实。试点立法分离设置设计体现出差异化的权力运行方式与制度目的:由中央主导的试点制度,授出专属事权以实现特殊法治状态;由地方负责的试点制度,创新规范形式以塑造特定法治区域。其差异背后仍呈现出一以贯之的立法权配置逻辑:明确中央专属立法事权以维护法制统一,根据距离专属事权远近分层次减少对其他事权规定限制以释放改革活力。

人口变化趋势下县域教育资源配置问题及调适方向

当前,我国教育领域面临人口向城流动和出生人口减少两个层面带来的对教育资源配置的挑战。从我国县域教育资源配置实践来看,存在城乡学校建设投入错位、师资力量配置多头匮乏、生活服务设施跟进缓慢等问题。从央地关系的视角分析发现,在县域教育资源配置上,中央政府、省级政府和县级政府之间存在目标张力和权力约束,导致资源分配弥散,无法回应人口变化带来的教育资源配置挑战。因此,需要对教育资源配置权进行细致界定和重新划分,建议中央政府和省级政府联合掌握资源调配权和资源监督权,省级政府和县级政府分级掌握资源统筹权,县级政府具体掌握资源分配权。这一权力分配格局既能够充分发挥中央和地方的积极性,也能够规避中央和地方在资源配置中面临的权力约束和策略局限,从而实现人口变化趋势下优化县域教育资源配置的目标。

计及光伏工况的集中式发电场景下储能优化配置

大容量储能技术可以缓解光伏电站并网给电力系统带来的影响和大面积弃光问题,但现阶段在进行新能源配置储能的过程中,普遍只考虑典型日下的储能最优容量,而忽略光伏出力在不同工况下的波动对储能规模的影响。针对以上问题,提出计及光伏工况的光储优化配置方法。采用密度峰值聚类算法对全部光伏出力运行场景进行聚类,形成不同光伏工况下的典型场景,在此基础上进行储能容量与功率的配置。再分别以全年光伏出力和典型日出力为基础配置储能功率和容量,并以全年出力配置结果为基准,对以上3种配置方法做出对比,验证所提方法的合理性与有效性,进一步通过仿真算例对储能全寿命周期出力进行分析。

法规范论视角下党的领导法规探析

运用法规范理论分析,党的全面领导与党中央集中统一领导共同构成了党的领导行为的整体。在党的全面领导视域下,党的领导法规是党的意志的最高表达形式,具有完整的规范逻辑结构,其完善发展也必然遵循这样的逻辑。在党的全面领导关系链中,党的领导法规主要规范和保障作为党组织的领导行为,而不是作为非党组织的被领导者的行为,其要解决的是领导者应如何实施领导的问题,起着科学配置党的领导权的作用。

STUDY ON THE CENTRALIZATION STRATEGY OF THE BLOOD ALLOCATION AMONG DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS WITHIN A HOSPITAL

By far, the researches on how to distribute blood products among different departments in hospital have not been further studied, though the problem of blood shortage and wastage that caused by improper blood allocation is severe, which may endanger patient＇s lives and impose considerable costs on hospitals. In order to solve this problem, this paper mainly studies on how to distribute the blood items among different departments within a hospital and investigates the allocation approach with the novel management method by centralizing the inventory of several different departments. By integrating the blood inventory requirements of some departments, the hospital could reduce the rate of blood shortage and wastage effectively, release the pressure of the occupancy of resources and reduce the bullwhip effect of blood products. This paper illustrates the centralization principle in hospital and formulates the mixed integer programming model to work out the optimal allocation network scheme and the optimal inventory setting for every department. And the results of the numerical example demonstrate that this centralization method could considerably reduce blood shortage and wastage in hospital by about 72% and 90% respectively. Furthermore, it could decrease the total cost by about 108,540 RMB a month on blood supply chain management in the hospital and improve the effect of some certain surgeries by transfusing the fresh blood to patients.

从科层到发包:碳排放配额初始分配央地事权的规范配置

我国碳排放权交易体系进入全国碳市场与地方碳市场并存的“双轨制”运行阶段,碳排放配额初始分配的央地事权配置面临新的规范需求。当前碳配额初始分配的央地事权配置深受科层治理模式的影响,呈现横向事权集中与纵向事责下放的部门“垂直”主导;被悬置的地方政府与委重任的地方职能部门的横向“属地”虚置;碳配额分配中央委托事权与地方固有事权的交织形态。受“集权-分权”思维局限的科层事权配置加剧央地权界封闭、权能受限、权责错位的固有弊端,造成双轨结构下碳配额分配央地事权边界固化、层级管理下碳配额分配主体功能式微、目标考核下事权与事责分离导致的行动乏力。优化碳配额分配央地事权配置须遵循“控权-赋权”理念,实现央地权界由“中央主导-地方配合”向“地方实施-中央监督”的动态调整;以“有限发包-省级统管”实现央地权能的高效配置;以“共同但有区别”的合作治理与责任分工实现央地权责精准适配。未来应以“专章立法+权力清单”为载体,采取概括式与列举式相结合的立法模式,从形式法治到实质法治对央地碳配额分配事权展开体系化构建。

肺源分配评分与特发性肺纤维化患者肺移植术后早期死亡风险的相关性分析

目的 分析肺源分配评分(LAS)与特发性肺纤维化(IPF)患者肺移植术后早期死亡风险及并发症的相关性。方法 回顾性分析275例IPF患者临床资料,采用单因素和多因素Cox回归分析LAS与IPF患者肺移植术后早期死亡风险的相关性,以及LAS与术后1年并发症发生的相关性。结果 275例受者中,术后30、90、180、365 d内分别死亡62例、83例、95例和108例。LAS与IPF患者肺移植术后30、90、180、365 d死亡风险相关(均为P<0.05),但与术后365 d原发性移植物功能障碍(PGD)、急性肾损伤(AKI)发生无关(均为P>0.05)。结论 LAS与IPF患者肺移植术后早期死亡相关,LAS与术后早期PGD、AKI的发生无关,但应关注综合因素对PGD、AKI发生的影响。

基于电能计量的中央空调冷量分摊方法

在国家“双碳”重大战略驱动下,中央空调系统逐渐成为助力国家节能减排的重要担当。为充分调动中央空调用户的节能积极性,提高中央空调分户计费精确性,该文在分析风机盘管供冷量与耗电量关系的基础上,提出了一种基于电能计量的中央空调分户冷量分摊方法。通过仿真比较得出,该方法在低投资情况下有效地提高了中央空调分户计量冷量分摊的精度,保证了空调分户计费的公平性,更好地促进国家中央空调分户计量任务的推广。

风险管理理念在配置中心管理中的应用价值

目的探讨风险管理理念在静脉用药集中调配中心(简称配置中心)管理中的应用价值,以期为泉州市妇幼保健院·儿童医院配置中心管理方案的进一步优化提供更多的思路和数据支持。方法选取2021年1—12月泉州市妇幼保健院·儿童医院配置中心实施以风险管理为核心的管理模式前22名配置中心工作人员及6412份配药(包含医嘱、处方)作为对照组,选取2022年1—12月泉州市妇幼保健院·儿童医院配置中心以实施风险管理为核心的管理模式后22名配置中心工作人员及6575份配药(包含医嘱、处方)作为观察组。比较2组管理质量评分、风险事件发生率、差错发生率、工作人员对管理制度的满意度。结果观察组风险意识、工作环境、工作时效、安全管理、自身安全防范、应急处理、总体管理质量评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组风险事件发生率、检查错误发生率、分发差错发生率及配置差错发生率分别为0.06%、0.02%、0.02%、0,均低于对照组的0.33%、0.12%、0.12%、0.11%(P<0.05)。观察组工作人员对管理制度的总满意度为100%,高于对照组的72.73%(P<0.05)。结论在配置中心管理中引入风险管理理念可有效预防风险事件发生,降低差错率的同时提高配置中心管理质量和工作人员对管理的满意度,效果理想。

Online differential pressure reset method with adaptive adjustment algorithm for variable chilled water flow control in central air-conditioning systems

Central air-conditioning systems predominantly operate under partial load conditions.The optimization of a differential pressure setpoint in the chilled water system of a central air-conditioning system leads to a more energy-efficient operation.Determining the differential pressure adjustment value based on the terminal user's real-time demand is one of the critical issues to be addressed during the optimal control process.Furthermore,the online application of the differential pressure setpoint optimization method needs to be considered,along with the stability of the system.This paper proposes a variable differential pressure reset method with an adaptive adjustment algorithm based on the Mamdani fuzzy model.The proposed method was compared with differential pressure reset methods with reference to the chilled water differential temperature,outdoor temperature,and linear model based on the adjustment algorithm.The energy-saving potential,temperature control effect,and avoidance of the most unfavorable thermodynamic loop effects of the four methods were investigated experimentally.The results indicated that,while satisfying the terminal user's energy supply demand and ensuring the avoidance of the most unfavorable thermodynamic loop,the proposed adaptive adjustment algorithm also decreased the differential pressure setpoint value by 25.1%—59.1%and achieved energy savings of 10.6%-45.0%.By monitoring the valve position and supply air temperature of each terminal user,the proposed method exhibited suitable online adaptability and could be flexibly applied to buildings with random load changes.

上海闵行区研发基地表土资源调查及再利用研究

以城市集建区——上海闵行紫竹高新区研发基地二期为例,采用现场踏勘、历史遥感图像分析及实地取样和实验室化验等方法进行表土资源调查,根据各地块拟定开发时序及工期、各地块表土资源分布情况、各地块绿化回填土需求等因素,在满足“统一管理”“表土存放时间尽可能短,先剥先用”“表土临时堆土场占地满足存储要求”的基础上,分析基地内各地块表土去向和再利用方案。结果如下:根据历史遥感图像及土样实测分析,研究区存在可利用的表土资源54.94hm^(2),其中拟采用覆盖防护措施的表土面积为11.54hm^(2),采取“剥离-存储-利用”模式的表土区域面积为43.4hm^(2);针对“研发二期基地”区域,通过特定工况条件下的静态计算方法演算出可行的表土资源调用方案,为城市集建区在建设期间的表土资源调查与再利用提供参考。

仁化县农村集中饮用水工程建设与管理

为解决仁化县农村供水工程建设和管理中存在的建设、监管难度大,工程建设需要协调多,建设标准不一,建后管护落实难度大等问题,文章提出通过完善管理机制,加强前期谋划和舆论宣传,高标准建设农村供水工程,优化水资源配置,加强人员管理,加大资金投入力度,引入智慧化管理等方式提升农村供水规范化、专业化、智慧化管理水平,较好地保障了农村供水工程安全、稳定、长效运行,使全县农村居民生活水平显著提高,取得了良好的社会效益。

多Agent系统任务分配方法综述

任务分配问题是多Agent系统(multi Agent system,MAS)中的重要研究内容之一,即解决如何将合适的任务分配给合适的Agent以实现整体执行效果最优。在分析MAS四种典型控制架构的基础上,比较了集中式与分布式控制架构下任务分配问题的特点,并对目前MAS中的多种集中式和分布式分配方法分别进行综述。最后,从理论和应用研究两方面总结和分析了MAS任务分配问题的未来发展方向。

西部地区232所医院消毒供应中心护理人力配置及岗位管理现状调查

目的 :调查西部地区综合医院消毒供应中心(CSSD)护理人力配置及岗位管理现状。方法 :采用方便抽样法,对我国西部地区9个省份232所综合医院消毒供应中心进行护理人力配置及岗位管理现状调查。结果 :医院级别越高,消毒供应中心护士人数与百张床位之比越低(P<0.05),三级甲等医院为1.12±0.86、三级乙等医院为1.58±0.91、二级甲等医院为1.92±1.07;医院级别越高,本科学历护士越多,工作年限在1~2年的越多,担任下收下送、手工清洗、机械清洗、灭菌等岗位者越少,担任区域组长、继续教育培训专员、医院感染管理助理岗位者越多(P<0.05);仅有10.83%的三级甲等医院消毒供应中心设有科研助理岗位,三级乙等为4.76%,二级甲等为2.86%。结论 :医院管理者应合理配置护士数量,优化护士岗位管理,重视CSSD专业护士的培养,提高对CSSD科研支持,提升CSSD护士科研能力,从而适应CSSD的科学化、专业化发展。