To solve the problems caused by irrational land-use, studying the functions of land-use, its changing characteristics, and the relationship between each land-use function will be beneficial for achieving sustainable l...To solve the problems caused by irrational land-use, studying the functions of land-use, its changing characteristics, and the relationship between each land-use function will be beneficial for achieving sustainable land development. In this research, we constructed an evaluation framework of multiple land-use functions(LUFs) based on sustainable land-use theory. Specifically,, we classified the multiple LUFs into three types: agricultural production function(APF), living function(LVF), and ecological service function(ESF).We then spatialized the economic and social data, and implemented the InVEST(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) model and RUSLE(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) model to evaluate each sub-LUF(crop production, aquatic production, woodlands production, livestock production, living space, life quality, water supply, soil conservation, climate regulation, biological conservation) in central China in 2000 and again in 2015. Moreover, by analyzing the changes to LUFs and the relationships between each LUF change, we were able to discern patterns of LUF change in central China. The results show that: (1)42.12% of total territory in the study area increased their APF from 2000 to 2015, while 43.41% of the lands increased their ESF yet only 8.98% of the lands increased their LVF;(2) in Hubei and Hunan, there was more land with an increase of APF than in Anhui or Jiangxi. The APF in Jiangxi exhibited the greatest decline over time period, the LVF increased more in the provincial capital cities than in other regions, and the ESF expanded more in Jiangxi than in the other provinces;and (3) the changes in APF were significantly and positively correlated with changes in LVF. Additionally, changes in ESF were negatively but non-significantly correlated with changes in APF and LVF.展开更多
Cobalt mostly occurs as an associated metal in Cu-Ni sulphide deposits, skarn Fe-Cu-Pb-Zn deposits and volcanic-hosted massive sulphide (VHMS) or sedex deposits. There are different types of cobalt deposits in the Cen...Cobalt mostly occurs as an associated metal in Cu-Ni sulphide deposits, skarn Fe-Cu-Pb-Zn deposits and volcanic-hosted massive sulphide (VHMS) or sedex deposits. There are different types of cobalt deposits in the Central China orogenic belt. In the Tamu-Kalangu Mississippi-valley type Pb-Zn deposits, many cobalt-nickel sulphide minerals were found. The cobalt content of the ore is 0.064%-0.46% in sedex-type Kendekeke Fe-Pb-Zn-Au deposits, and cobalt sulphide veins with Co contents of 4%-9% have also been found. About 28000 tons of cobalt reserves were delineated in the Dur’ngoi Cu-Co-Zn deposit of VHMS type in the A’nyemaqen Mountains. It is considered that the exploration potential for cobalt is attractive in this district, especially in sedex-type deposits and Co-rich sulphide veins in sedex-type Fe, Cu and Pb-Zn deposits and their surroundings.展开更多
Objective Spherical micro-particles are often preserved in Precambrian sedimentary rocks.Finnish and Chinese scholars have previously discovered carbonaceous,siliceous or ferruginous spherules of out-space origin in t...Objective Spherical micro-particles are often preserved in Precambrian sedimentary rocks.Finnish and Chinese scholars have previously discovered carbonaceous,siliceous or ferruginous spherules of out-space origin in the 1.6 Ga and 1.4 Ga sequence,respectively.The presence of spherules can record possible cosmic impact events.Also,cosmic spherules provide important information on the evolution of planets from outer space.This work firstly discovered cosmic spherules in thin layer of carbonaceous siltstone from the Taizi Fm.(1.2-1.3 Ga)of the Shennongjia group in the Shennongjia area。展开更多
The timing of the South Asian High(SAH) establishment over the Indochina Peninsula(IP) from April to May and its relations to the setup of the subsequent tropical Asian summer monsoon and precipitation over eastern-ce...The timing of the South Asian High(SAH) establishment over the Indochina Peninsula(IP) from April to May and its relations to the setup of the subsequent tropical Asian summer monsoon and precipitation over eastern-central China in summer are investigated by using NCEP/NCAR daily reanalysis data,outgoing longwave radiation(OLR)data and the daily precipitation data from 753 weather stations in China.It is found that the transitions of the zonal wind vertical shear and convection establishment over tropical Asia are earlier(later) in the years of early(late) establishment of SAH.In the lower troposphere,anti-cyclonic(cyclonic) anomaly circulation dominates the equatorial Indian Ocean.Correspondingly,the tropical Asian summer monsoon establishes earlier(later).Furthermore,the atmospheric circulation and the water vapor transport in the years of advanced SAH establishment are significantly different from the delayed years in Asia in summer.Out-of-phase distribution of precipitation in eastern-central China will appear with a weak(strong) SAH and western Pacific subtropical high,strong(weak) ascending motion in the area south of Yangtze River but weak(strong) ascending motion in the area north of it,and cyclonic(anti-cyclonic) water vapor flux anomaly circulation from the eastern-central China to western Pacific.Accordingly,the timing of the SAH establishment at the upper levels of IP is indicative of the subsequent onset of the tropical Asian summer monsoon and the flood-drought pattern over eastern-central China in summer.展开更多
In China,the traditional early and late season double rice(DR)system is declining accompanied by the fast increase of two newly developed cropping systems:ratoon rice(RR)and rice-crawfish(RC).Three methodologies:econo...In China,the traditional early and late season double rice(DR)system is declining accompanied by the fast increase of two newly developed cropping systems:ratoon rice(RR)and rice-crawfish(RC).Three methodologies:economic analysis,emergy evaluation and life cycle assessment(LCA)were employed to evaluate the economics and sustainability of this paddy cropping system change.Economic analysis indicated that the income and profit of the RC system were far larger than those of RR and DR.The income to costs ratio of RR and RC increased by 25.5 and 122.7%compared with that of DR,respectively.RC had the highest emergy input thanks to increasing irrigation water,electricity,juvenile crawfish and forage input while RR showed a lower total emergy and nonrenewable emergy input,such as irrigation water,electricity,fertilizers and pesticides than DR.The environmental loading ratios decreased by 16.7-50.4%when cropping system changed from DR to RR or from DR to RC while the emergy sustainability indexes increased by 22.6-112.9%.The life cycle assessment indicated lower potential environmental impacts of RR and RC,whose total environmental impact indexes were 35.0-61.0%lower than that of DR.Grain yield of RR was comparable with that of DR in spite of less financial and emergy input of RR,but RC had a much lower grain yield(a 53.6%reduction compared to DR).These results suggested that RR is a suitable cropping system to achieve the food security,economic and environmental goals.展开更多
Pseudosection modeling for the garnet amphibolite samples from the Western Dabie Mountains show they have experienced similar HP metamorphic evolution with that of the adjected eclogites.The common assemblage
The most of high/ultrahigh-pressure(HP/UHP)terranes of the world are characterized by the occurrence of numerous pods,lenses or layered blocks of eclogite and amphibolites(e.g.O’Brien,1997;Elvevold and Gilotti,2000;Z...The most of high/ultrahigh-pressure(HP/UHP)terranes of the world are characterized by the occurrence of numerous pods,lenses or layered blocks of eclogite and amphibolites(e.g.O’Brien,1997;Elvevold and Gilotti,2000;Zhang et al.,2003;and references there in).Field and petrological features suggest that amphibolites展开更多
The Qinling-Dabie accretionary fold belt in east-central China represents the E-W trending suture zone between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons. A portion of the accretionary complex exposed in northern Hubei Provi...The Qinling-Dabie accretionary fold belt in east-central China represents the E-W trending suture zone between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons. A portion of the accretionary complex exposed in northern Hubei Province contains a high-pressure / low-temperature metamorphic sequence progressively metamorphosed from the blueschist through greenschist to epidote-amphibolite / eclogite facies. The Hongan metamorphic belt can be divided into three metamorphic zones,based on progressive changes in mineral assemblages: Zone Ⅰ,in the south,is characterized by transitional blueschist-greenschist facies; ZoneⅡis characterized by greenschist facies; ZoneⅢ,in the northern most portion of the belt,is characterized by eclogite and epidote-amphibolite facies sequences. Changes in amphibole compositions from south to north as well as the appearance of increasingly higher pressure mineral assemblages toward the north document differences in metamorphic P-T conditions during formation of this belt. Preliminary P-T estimates for Zone I metamorphism are 5 ~ 7 kbar,350 ~ 450℃; estimates for Zone III eclogites are 10 ~ 22 kbar,500 ±50℃. The petrographic,chemical and structural characteristics of this metamorphic belt indicate its evolutionin a northward-dipping subduction zone and subsequent uplift prior to and during the final collisionbetween the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons.展开更多
On April 26th,2007,the second Expo Central China (ECC) was held in the city of Zhengzhou,in Henan province,which has attracted more than 300 world influential multinational enterprises to join.
The Qinling-Dabie-Sulu high-pressure and ultra-high pressure metamorphic belt wasformed by subduction and collision between the North China and Yangtze plates. The study ofthe eclogite belt is very important in unders...The Qinling-Dabie-Sulu high-pressure and ultra-high pressure metamorphic belt wasformed by subduction and collision between the North China and Yangtze plates. The study ofthe eclogite belt is very important in understanding the evolution of the Qinling Dabie orogen. Inthe present paper the geology, petrology, minerology and chronology of the eclogites in the Dabieand Sulu areas are described. The principal conclusions of this work are as follows: (1) Based up-on the field occurrence and the P-T conditions of the eclogites, two types of eclogite can be dis-tinguished: Type 1—the low-temperature and high-pressure eclogite in the mid-late Proterozoicmetamorphic series, and Type 2—the ultra-high pressure eclogite in the late Archaean to earlyProterozoic metamorphic complex. In the Dabie area, the ultra-high-pressure eclogite,high-pressure eclogite and epidote-blueschist units are nearly parallel to each other and stretchintermittently from north to south. (2) The P-T conditions of the high-pressure eclogites and ul-tra-high pressure eclogites have been estimated. The former are formed at 450-550℃ and1.4-1.6 GPa; while the latter at 650-870℃ and 】2.7-2.9 GPa in the Dabie area and at820-1000℃ and 】2.8-3.1 GPa in the Sulu area. The metamorphic temperatures of the eclogitesincrease progressively from west to east. (3) The ultra-high pressure eclogites were subjected to 5stages of metamorphism: pre-eclogite epidote amphibolite facies, peak coesite eclogite facies,post-eclogite amphibolite facies, epidote-blueschist facies or epidote amphibolite facies andgreenschist facies. The general features of the PTt path of the ultra-high pressure eclogite are:clockwise pattern, progressive metamorphism being a process of slow increasing temperature andrapid increasing pressure, and the retrogressive section with nearly isothermal decompression atthe early stage, isobaric cooling at the middle stage and nearly isothermal decompression at thelate stage. (4) At least two stages of high-pressure metamorphism occurred in the orogenic belt:the high-pressure eclogite and ultra-high pressure eclogite were formed by the subduction of theoceanic crust northward beneath the North China plate or the Dabie block during theCaledonian; while the epidote-blueschist belt came into being by subdution and collision be-tween the two continental plates during the Indosinian. (5) Due to the continuous sequentialsubduction of the cold plate, the ultra high-presssure metamorphic rocks were uplifted to thecrust by the underplating processes. They can be preserved just because of the "frozen effect" re-sulting from the continuous subduction of the cold plate. (6) The carbonates, such as magnesite,breunnerite, aragonite and dolomite, and the H<sub>2</sub>O-bearing minerals, such as phengite, epidoteand zoisite, were stable during the high-pressure and/or ultra-high pressure metamorphism.展开更多
Studying the carrying capacity of resources and environment of city clusters in the central China has important practical guidance significance for promoting the healthy, sustainable and stable development of this reg...Studying the carrying capacity of resources and environment of city clusters in the central China has important practical guidance significance for promoting the healthy, sustainable and stable development of this region. According to their influencing factors and reciprocity mechanism, using system dynamics approaches, this paper built a SD model for measuring the carrying capacity of resources and environment of the city clusters in the central China, and through setting different development models, the comprehensive measurement analysis on the carrying capacity was carried out. The results show that the model of promoting socio-economic development under the protection of resources and environment is the optimal model for promoting the harmony development of resources, environment, society and economy in the city clusters. According to this model, the optimum population scale of the city clusters in 2020 is 42.80×106 persons, and the moderate economic development scale is 22.055×1012 yuan (RMB). In 1996-2020, the carrying capacity of resources and environment in the city clusters took on obvious phase-change characteristics. During the studied period, it is basically at the initial development stage, and will come through the development process from slow development to speedup development.展开更多
The Tan-Lu Fault was once a transform fault in the Paleotethys, west of which was the Qinling-Dabie Ocean separating the Yangtze Craton from the North China Craton, and east of which was the Su-Lu Ocean separating the...The Tan-Lu Fault was once a transform fault in the Paleotethys, west of which was the Qinling-Dabie Ocean separating the Yangtze Craton from the North China Craton, and east of which was the Su-Lu Ocean separating the Su-Wan Block from the Jiao-Liao Craton. The Qinling-Dabie Ocean closed in the Indosinian orogeny, which created the China-Southeast Asia Subcontinent, with the Tan-Lu Fault becoming a marginal shear zone along the newly-formed amalgamated subcontinent. The Su-Lu Ocean subducted partly in the Indosinian orogeny, but not closed. In the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, the Su-Wan Block drifted northwards with subduction of the Su-Lu Ocean and moved westwards to converge the subcontinent by sinistral shearing of the ENE-striking fractures. The Su-Lu Ocean finally closed and the Su-Wan Block collided with the Jiao-Liao Craton in the Early Cretaceous, which constituted a part of the magnificent interplate Yanshanides. The interplate orogeny rejuvenated the fossil sutures and deep fractures, as well as the Indosinian orogen, and the intraplate (intracontinental) Yanshanian orogeny occurred in the subcontinent. The East Asia Yanshanides, consisting of the interplate orogens in the outer side and the intraplate orogens in the inner side, collapsed quickly in the latest Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous. The eastern China area entered a tensile period from the Eogene, and the tectonic differentiation between the central and eastern China areas since the Jurassic was further strengthened.展开更多
The Drillhole ZK703 with a depth of 558 m is located in the Donghai area of the southern Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt, eastern China, and penetrates typical UHP eclogites and various non-mafic rocks,...The Drillhole ZK703 with a depth of 558 m is located in the Donghai area of the southern Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt, eastern China, and penetrates typical UHP eclogites and various non-mafic rocks, including peridotite, gneiss, schist and quartzite. Their protoliths include ultramafic, mafic, intermediate, intermediate-acidic, acidic igneous rocks and sediments. These rocks are intimately interlayered, which are meters to millimeters thick with sharp and nontectonic contacts, suggesting in-situ metamorphism under UHP eclogite facies conditions. The following petrologic features indicate that the non-mafic rocks have experienced early-stage UHP metamorphism together with the eclogites: (1) phengite relics in gneisses and schists contain a high content of Si, up to 3.52 p.f.u. (per formula unit), while amphibolite-facies phengites have considerably low Si content (<3.26 p.f.u.); (2) jadeite relics are found in quartzite and jadeitite; (3) various types of symplectitic coronas and pseudomorphs after omphacite, jadeite, kyanite and phengite occur extensively in gneisses, schists and quartzites; (4) polycrystalline quartz pseudomorphs after coesite occur as inclusions within garnet of gneisses and schists; (5) coesite, jadeite and omphacite inclusions are found in zircons of gneiss and amphibolite from an adjacent drillhole. Geological, petrological and geochemical data indicate that large volumes of crustal material was buried to depths possibly exceeding 100 km and then exhumed to the Earth's surface.展开更多
With rapid development of urbanization and regional interaction and interdependence,regional urban agglomeration planning becomes more and more important in China,in order to promote integrated development of various ...With rapid development of urbanization and regional interaction and interdependence,regional urban agglomeration planning becomes more and more important in China,in order to promote integrated development of various cities with close interrelationship.However,it is still arguable academically on how to define the boundary or which cities to be included for the urban agglomeration of a region.This paper aims to shed lights on how to identify urban spheres of influence scientifically by introducing field modeling method and by practicing a case study on 168 cities in Central China.In our field modeling method,the influence intensities of cities were measured by a comprehensive index and urban spheres of influence were represented spatially by field intensity.Then,their classification and spatial distribution characteristics of study area in 2007 were identified and explored by using GIS and statistical methods.The result showed that:1) Wuhan is the absolute dominant city in Central China;2) the provincial capital cities dominate their own provinces and there are no other lower grade agglomeration centers;and 3) the basic types of organization form of urban sphere of influence are single-polar type,agglomeration type,close-related group type and loose-related group type.展开更多
A number of urban and regional plans have been developed with the advancement of urbanization and regional integration, among which the delineation of sphere of urban influence and improvement of integration between t...A number of urban and regional plans have been developed with the advancement of urbanization and regional integration, among which the delineation of sphere of urban influence and improvement of integration between the city and its hinterland have become vital important for guiding practices. In terms of delineating sphere of urban influence, existing studies have been focused on static study by using single year data or single method, resulting in a lack of time-series longitudinal analysis or comprehensive analysis based on multiple methods. This study emphasizes on comparing two methods from both the theoretical and empirical perspective. Both gravity model and improved field model are applied to the selected study area for measurements and comparison, to explore their strengths and weaknesses. A research framework for comprehensive analysis on delineating sphere of urban influence is proposed. In the end, the differences of delineating methods are illustrated and the feasibility of comprehensive analysis is discussed. Recommendations are provided for selecting appropriate methods for delineating sphere of urban influence or developing regional hierarchy system plans and urban spatial structure schemes.展开更多
Wheat dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis(WDEIA) is a rare but potentially severe food allergy caused by the combination of wheat ingestion and physical exercise. The impact of WDEIA on quality of life(QOL) is uncl...Wheat dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis(WDEIA) is a rare but potentially severe food allergy caused by the combination of wheat ingestion and physical exercise. The impact of WDEIA on quality of life(QOL) is unclear. This study characterized the clinical and laboratory features and investigated the QOL in WDEIA patients from Central China. Twenty-eight WDEIA patients were analyzed, and QOL was measured by validated Chinese version Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire-Adult Form(FAQLQ-AF) and Food Allergy Independent Measure(FAIM) after obtaining the diagnosis. The results showed that half of the patients were females. The median onset age was 37 years old. The symptoms occurred within 1 h after wheat ingestion(26/28). Symptoms of anaphylaxis included cutaneous(26/28), respiratory(11/28), gastro-intestinal(5/28) and cardiovascular manifestations(27/28). Skin prick tests were positive to salt soluble(89.3%) and salt insoluble wheat allergen extracts(100%). Positive rate to wheat, gluten and omega-5 gliadin specific Ig E was 64.3%, 92.9% and 92.9% respectively. Specific Ig E to omega-5 gliadin with a cut-off value 0.83 KU/L offered highly efficient diagnostic criterion for WDEIA(sensitivity: 89.3%; and specificity: 88.9%). The mean scores of FAQLQ-AF and FAIM were 4.70 and 4.98 respectively and level of anti-omega-5 gliadin Ig E had positive correlations with FAQLQ scores. Thereby, WDEIA is commonly found in mid-age adults. In most cases, multi-organs especially skin and cardiovascular systems are involved. Salt insoluble wheat allergen skin test and serum specific Ig E to gluten and omega-5 gliadin help to diagnose WDEIA. QOL in WDEIA patients is severely impaired.展开更多
Based on the observations from 239 meteorological stations located in Central China (Henan, Hubei and Hunan provinces), this paper focuses on the climate change facts during 1961-2010. There was a significant increasi...Based on the observations from 239 meteorological stations located in Central China (Henan, Hubei and Hunan provinces), this paper focuses on the climate change facts during 1961-2010. There was a significant increasing trend in annual mean temperature for Central China during 1961-2010. The increasing rate was 0.15°C per decade, which was lower than the national trend. Since the mid-1980s, temperature increasing was obvious. Large increasing rate was observed in the mid-eastern part of Central China. For the four seasons, the increasing rate in winter was the largest (0.27°C per decade). The increasing rate in the annual mean minimum temperature was larger than that in the annual mean maximum temperature from 1961 to 2010. As a result, the diurnal range of temperature decreased at the rate of -0.10°C per decade. The extreme high temperature events were increasing while the extreme low temperature events were significantly decreasing. There was no obvious trend in annual precipitation for Central China during 1961-2010. Precipitation in summer and winter significantly increased; change of precipitation in spring was not obvious; precipitation in autumn was decreasing. The decreasing rate of annual rainy days was -3.4 d per decade. The precipitation intensity increased at the rate of 0.25 mm d-1 per decade. Heavy-rain days significantly increased. Spring and summer started earlier while autumn and winter started later. As a result, spring and summer duration was expanding whereas autumn and winter duration shortened.展开更多
It has long been debated that the Dabie orogenic belt belongs to the North China or Yangtze craton. In recent years, eastern China has been suggested, based on the Pb isotopic compositions of Phanerozoic ore and Mesoz...It has long been debated that the Dabie orogenic belt belongs to the North China or Yangtze craton. In recent years, eastern China has been suggested, based on the Pb isotopic compositions of Phanerozoic ore and Mesozoic granitoid K-feldspar (revealing the crust Pb) in combination with Meso-Cenozoic basalts (revealing the mantle Pb), being divided into the North China and Yangtze Pb isotopic provinces, where the crust and mantle of the Yangtze craton are characterized by more radiogenic Pb. In this sense, previous researchers suggested that the pro-EW-trending Dabie orogenic belt with less radiogenic Pb in the crust was part of the North China craton. In this paper, however, the Late Cretaceous basalts in the central and southern parts of the Dabie orogenic belt are characterized by some more radiogenic Pb (\{\{\}\+\{206\}Pb\}/\{\{\}\+\{204\}Pb\}=\{17.936\}-\{18.349\}, \{\{\}\+\{207\}Pb\}/\{\{\}\+\{204\}Pb\}=\{15.500\}-\{15.688\}, \{\{\}\+\{208\}Pb\}/\{\{\}\+\{204\}Pb\}=\{38.399\}-\{38.775\}) and a unique U-Th-Pb trace element system similar to those of the Yangtze craton, showing that the Mesozoic mantle is of the Yangtze type. In addition, the decoupled Pb isotopic compositions between crust and mantle were considerably derived from their rheological inhomogeneity, implying a complicated evolution of the Dabie orogenic belt.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41271534)China Scholarship Council(No.201906770044)。
文摘To solve the problems caused by irrational land-use, studying the functions of land-use, its changing characteristics, and the relationship between each land-use function will be beneficial for achieving sustainable land development. In this research, we constructed an evaluation framework of multiple land-use functions(LUFs) based on sustainable land-use theory. Specifically,, we classified the multiple LUFs into three types: agricultural production function(APF), living function(LVF), and ecological service function(ESF).We then spatialized the economic and social data, and implemented the InVEST(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) model and RUSLE(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) model to evaluate each sub-LUF(crop production, aquatic production, woodlands production, livestock production, living space, life quality, water supply, soil conservation, climate regulation, biological conservation) in central China in 2000 and again in 2015. Moreover, by analyzing the changes to LUFs and the relationships between each LUF change, we were able to discern patterns of LUF change in central China. The results show that: (1)42.12% of total territory in the study area increased their APF from 2000 to 2015, while 43.41% of the lands increased their ESF yet only 8.98% of the lands increased their LVF;(2) in Hubei and Hunan, there was more land with an increase of APF than in Anhui or Jiangxi. The APF in Jiangxi exhibited the greatest decline over time period, the LVF increased more in the provincial capital cities than in other regions, and the ESF expanded more in Jiangxi than in the other provinces;and (3) the changes in APF were significantly and positively correlated with changes in LVF. Additionally, changes in ESF were negatively but non-significantly correlated with changes in APF and LVF.
文摘Cobalt mostly occurs as an associated metal in Cu-Ni sulphide deposits, skarn Fe-Cu-Pb-Zn deposits and volcanic-hosted massive sulphide (VHMS) or sedex deposits. There are different types of cobalt deposits in the Central China orogenic belt. In the Tamu-Kalangu Mississippi-valley type Pb-Zn deposits, many cobalt-nickel sulphide minerals were found. The cobalt content of the ore is 0.064%-0.46% in sedex-type Kendekeke Fe-Pb-Zn-Au deposits, and cobalt sulphide veins with Co contents of 4%-9% have also been found. About 28000 tons of cobalt reserves were delineated in the Dur’ngoi Cu-Co-Zn deposit of VHMS type in the A’nyemaqen Mountains. It is considered that the exploration potential for cobalt is attractive in this district, especially in sedex-type deposits and Co-rich sulphide veins in sedex-type Fe, Cu and Pb-Zn deposits and their surroundings.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.41472082)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant No.2016YFC0601001)+2 种基金the program of China Geological Survey(grant No.12120115068901)the National Stratigraphic committee of ChinaGlobal Geopark of Shennongjia(Shennongjia National Park)
文摘Objective Spherical micro-particles are often preserved in Precambrian sedimentary rocks.Finnish and Chinese scholars have previously discovered carbonaceous,siliceous or ferruginous spherules of out-space origin in the 1.6 Ga and 1.4 Ga sequence,respectively.The presence of spherules can record possible cosmic impact events.Also,cosmic spherules provide important information on the evolution of planets from outer space.This work firstly discovered cosmic spherules in thin layer of carbonaceous siltstone from the Taizi Fm.(1.2-1.3 Ga)of the Shennongjia group in the Shennongjia area。
基金Major Program of the Natural Science Researches for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province(14KJA170004)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20131432)+1 种基金"Qing Lan"Project of Jiangsu Province"333"Project of Jiangsu Province
文摘The timing of the South Asian High(SAH) establishment over the Indochina Peninsula(IP) from April to May and its relations to the setup of the subsequent tropical Asian summer monsoon and precipitation over eastern-central China in summer are investigated by using NCEP/NCAR daily reanalysis data,outgoing longwave radiation(OLR)data and the daily precipitation data from 753 weather stations in China.It is found that the transitions of the zonal wind vertical shear and convection establishment over tropical Asia are earlier(later) in the years of early(late) establishment of SAH.In the lower troposphere,anti-cyclonic(cyclonic) anomaly circulation dominates the equatorial Indian Ocean.Correspondingly,the tropical Asian summer monsoon establishes earlier(later).Furthermore,the atmospheric circulation and the water vapor transport in the years of advanced SAH establishment are significantly different from the delayed years in Asia in summer.Out-of-phase distribution of precipitation in eastern-central China will appear with a weak(strong) SAH and western Pacific subtropical high,strong(weak) ascending motion in the area south of Yangtze River but weak(strong) ascending motion in the area north of it,and cyclonic(anti-cyclonic) water vapor flux anomaly circulation from the eastern-central China to western Pacific.Accordingly,the timing of the SAH establishment at the upper levels of IP is indicative of the subsequent onset of the tropical Asian summer monsoon and the flood-drought pattern over eastern-central China in summer.
基金supported by the Hubei Key Program of Research&Development,China(2020BBA044 and 2020BBB089)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870424)the Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland,Ministry of Education of China(KFT201904)。
文摘In China,the traditional early and late season double rice(DR)system is declining accompanied by the fast increase of two newly developed cropping systems:ratoon rice(RR)and rice-crawfish(RC).Three methodologies:economic analysis,emergy evaluation and life cycle assessment(LCA)were employed to evaluate the economics and sustainability of this paddy cropping system change.Economic analysis indicated that the income and profit of the RC system were far larger than those of RR and DR.The income to costs ratio of RR and RC increased by 25.5 and 122.7%compared with that of DR,respectively.RC had the highest emergy input thanks to increasing irrigation water,electricity,juvenile crawfish and forage input while RR showed a lower total emergy and nonrenewable emergy input,such as irrigation water,electricity,fertilizers and pesticides than DR.The environmental loading ratios decreased by 16.7-50.4%when cropping system changed from DR to RR or from DR to RC while the emergy sustainability indexes increased by 22.6-112.9%.The life cycle assessment indicated lower potential environmental impacts of RR and RC,whose total environmental impact indexes were 35.0-61.0%lower than that of DR.Grain yield of RR was comparable with that of DR in spite of less financial and emergy input of RR,but RC had a much lower grain yield(a 53.6%reduction compared to DR).These results suggested that RR is a suitable cropping system to achieve the food security,economic and environmental goals.
文摘Pseudosection modeling for the garnet amphibolite samples from the Western Dabie Mountains show they have experienced similar HP metamorphic evolution with that of the adjected eclogites.The common assemblage
文摘The most of high/ultrahigh-pressure(HP/UHP)terranes of the world are characterized by the occurrence of numerous pods,lenses or layered blocks of eclogite and amphibolites(e.g.O’Brien,1997;Elvevold and Gilotti,2000;Zhang et al.,2003;and references there in).Field and petrological features suggest that amphibolites
基金supported by the Stanford-Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources co-operative projectMost of the field and analytical data were collected and supported by the GSA and Mc Gee funds ( E. A. E. ),the Stanford China Industrial Affiliates programme and NSF EAR 89-17319
文摘The Qinling-Dabie accretionary fold belt in east-central China represents the E-W trending suture zone between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons. A portion of the accretionary complex exposed in northern Hubei Province contains a high-pressure / low-temperature metamorphic sequence progressively metamorphosed from the blueschist through greenschist to epidote-amphibolite / eclogite facies. The Hongan metamorphic belt can be divided into three metamorphic zones,based on progressive changes in mineral assemblages: Zone Ⅰ,in the south,is characterized by transitional blueschist-greenschist facies; ZoneⅡis characterized by greenschist facies; ZoneⅢ,in the northern most portion of the belt,is characterized by eclogite and epidote-amphibolite facies sequences. Changes in amphibole compositions from south to north as well as the appearance of increasingly higher pressure mineral assemblages toward the north document differences in metamorphic P-T conditions during formation of this belt. Preliminary P-T estimates for Zone I metamorphism are 5 ~ 7 kbar,350 ~ 450℃; estimates for Zone III eclogites are 10 ~ 22 kbar,500 ±50℃. The petrographic,chemical and structural characteristics of this metamorphic belt indicate its evolutionin a northward-dipping subduction zone and subsequent uplift prior to and during the final collisionbetween the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons.
文摘On April 26th,2007,the second Expo Central China (ECC) was held in the city of Zhengzhou,in Henan province,which has attracted more than 300 world influential multinational enterprises to join.
文摘The Qinling-Dabie-Sulu high-pressure and ultra-high pressure metamorphic belt wasformed by subduction and collision between the North China and Yangtze plates. The study ofthe eclogite belt is very important in understanding the evolution of the Qinling Dabie orogen. Inthe present paper the geology, petrology, minerology and chronology of the eclogites in the Dabieand Sulu areas are described. The principal conclusions of this work are as follows: (1) Based up-on the field occurrence and the P-T conditions of the eclogites, two types of eclogite can be dis-tinguished: Type 1—the low-temperature and high-pressure eclogite in the mid-late Proterozoicmetamorphic series, and Type 2—the ultra-high pressure eclogite in the late Archaean to earlyProterozoic metamorphic complex. In the Dabie area, the ultra-high-pressure eclogite,high-pressure eclogite and epidote-blueschist units are nearly parallel to each other and stretchintermittently from north to south. (2) The P-T conditions of the high-pressure eclogites and ul-tra-high pressure eclogites have been estimated. The former are formed at 450-550℃ and1.4-1.6 GPa; while the latter at 650-870℃ and 】2.7-2.9 GPa in the Dabie area and at820-1000℃ and 】2.8-3.1 GPa in the Sulu area. The metamorphic temperatures of the eclogitesincrease progressively from west to east. (3) The ultra-high pressure eclogites were subjected to 5stages of metamorphism: pre-eclogite epidote amphibolite facies, peak coesite eclogite facies,post-eclogite amphibolite facies, epidote-blueschist facies or epidote amphibolite facies andgreenschist facies. The general features of the PTt path of the ultra-high pressure eclogite are:clockwise pattern, progressive metamorphism being a process of slow increasing temperature andrapid increasing pressure, and the retrogressive section with nearly isothermal decompression atthe early stage, isobaric cooling at the middle stage and nearly isothermal decompression at thelate stage. (4) At least two stages of high-pressure metamorphism occurred in the orogenic belt:the high-pressure eclogite and ultra-high pressure eclogite were formed by the subduction of theoceanic crust northward beneath the North China plate or the Dabie block during theCaledonian; while the epidote-blueschist belt came into being by subdution and collision be-tween the two continental plates during the Indosinian. (5) Due to the continuous sequentialsubduction of the cold plate, the ultra high-presssure metamorphic rocks were uplifted to thecrust by the underplating processes. They can be preserved just because of the "frozen effect" re-sulting from the continuous subduction of the cold plate. (6) The carbonates, such as magnesite,breunnerite, aragonite and dolomite, and the H<sub>2</sub>O-bearing minerals, such as phengite, epidoteand zoisite, were stable during the high-pressure and/or ultra-high pressure metamorphism.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40971101)Major Project of 11th Five-Year Scientific and Technological Support Plan of China (No. 2006BAJ14B03)
文摘Studying the carrying capacity of resources and environment of city clusters in the central China has important practical guidance significance for promoting the healthy, sustainable and stable development of this region. According to their influencing factors and reciprocity mechanism, using system dynamics approaches, this paper built a SD model for measuring the carrying capacity of resources and environment of the city clusters in the central China, and through setting different development models, the comprehensive measurement analysis on the carrying capacity was carried out. The results show that the model of promoting socio-economic development under the protection of resources and environment is the optimal model for promoting the harmony development of resources, environment, society and economy in the city clusters. According to this model, the optimum population scale of the city clusters in 2020 is 42.80×106 persons, and the moderate economic development scale is 22.055×1012 yuan (RMB). In 1996-2020, the carrying capacity of resources and environment in the city clusters took on obvious phase-change characteristics. During the studied period, it is basically at the initial development stage, and will come through the development process from slow development to speedup development.
文摘The Tan-Lu Fault was once a transform fault in the Paleotethys, west of which was the Qinling-Dabie Ocean separating the Yangtze Craton from the North China Craton, and east of which was the Su-Lu Ocean separating the Su-Wan Block from the Jiao-Liao Craton. The Qinling-Dabie Ocean closed in the Indosinian orogeny, which created the China-Southeast Asia Subcontinent, with the Tan-Lu Fault becoming a marginal shear zone along the newly-formed amalgamated subcontinent. The Su-Lu Ocean subducted partly in the Indosinian orogeny, but not closed. In the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, the Su-Wan Block drifted northwards with subduction of the Su-Lu Ocean and moved westwards to converge the subcontinent by sinistral shearing of the ENE-striking fractures. The Su-Lu Ocean finally closed and the Su-Wan Block collided with the Jiao-Liao Craton in the Early Cretaceous, which constituted a part of the magnificent interplate Yanshanides. The interplate orogeny rejuvenated the fossil sutures and deep fractures, as well as the Indosinian orogen, and the intraplate (intracontinental) Yanshanian orogeny occurred in the subcontinent. The East Asia Yanshanides, consisting of the interplate orogens in the outer side and the intraplate orogens in the inner side, collapsed quickly in the latest Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous. The eastern China area entered a tensile period from the Eogene, and the tectonic differentiation between the central and eastern China areas since the Jurassic was further strengthened.
基金supported by the Chinese National Key Scientific Program--the Chinese Continental Seientitle Drilling Projectthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC Grant 49772142)1:250000 Regional Geological Survey of the Lianyungang Sheet(I50C002004)of P.R.China and the Laboratory of Continental Dynamics of the Land and Resource Ministry of China
文摘The Drillhole ZK703 with a depth of 558 m is located in the Donghai area of the southern Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt, eastern China, and penetrates typical UHP eclogites and various non-mafic rocks, including peridotite, gneiss, schist and quartzite. Their protoliths include ultramafic, mafic, intermediate, intermediate-acidic, acidic igneous rocks and sediments. These rocks are intimately interlayered, which are meters to millimeters thick with sharp and nontectonic contacts, suggesting in-situ metamorphism under UHP eclogite facies conditions. The following petrologic features indicate that the non-mafic rocks have experienced early-stage UHP metamorphism together with the eclogites: (1) phengite relics in gneisses and schists contain a high content of Si, up to 3.52 p.f.u. (per formula unit), while amphibolite-facies phengites have considerably low Si content (<3.26 p.f.u.); (2) jadeite relics are found in quartzite and jadeitite; (3) various types of symplectitic coronas and pseudomorphs after omphacite, jadeite, kyanite and phengite occur extensively in gneisses, schists and quartzites; (4) polycrystalline quartz pseudomorphs after coesite occur as inclusions within garnet of gneisses and schists; (5) coesite, jadeite and omphacite inclusions are found in zircons of gneiss and amphibolite from an adjacent drillhole. Geological, petrological and geochemical data indicate that large volumes of crustal material was buried to depths possibly exceeding 100 km and then exhumed to the Earth's surface.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40971102)Knowledge Innovation Programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-322)Special Grant for Postgraduates' Scientific Innovation and Social Practice in 2008
文摘With rapid development of urbanization and regional interaction and interdependence,regional urban agglomeration planning becomes more and more important in China,in order to promote integrated development of various cities with close interrelationship.However,it is still arguable academically on how to define the boundary or which cities to be included for the urban agglomeration of a region.This paper aims to shed lights on how to identify urban spheres of influence scientifically by introducing field modeling method and by practicing a case study on 168 cities in Central China.In our field modeling method,the influence intensities of cities were measured by a comprehensive index and urban spheres of influence were represented spatially by field intensity.Then,their classification and spatial distribution characteristics of study area in 2007 were identified and explored by using GIS and statistical methods.The result showed that:1) Wuhan is the absolute dominant city in Central China;2) the provincial capital cities dominate their own provinces and there are no other lower grade agglomeration centers;and 3) the basic types of organization form of urban sphere of influence are single-polar type,agglomeration type,close-related group type and loose-related group type.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40901088)
文摘A number of urban and regional plans have been developed with the advancement of urbanization and regional integration, among which the delineation of sphere of urban influence and improvement of integration between the city and its hinterland have become vital important for guiding practices. In terms of delineating sphere of urban influence, existing studies have been focused on static study by using single year data or single method, resulting in a lack of time-series longitudinal analysis or comprehensive analysis based on multiple methods. This study emphasizes on comparing two methods from both the theoretical and empirical perspective. Both gravity model and improved field model are applied to the selected study area for measurements and comparison, to explore their strengths and weaknesses. A research framework for comprehensive analysis on delineating sphere of urban influence is proposed. In the end, the differences of delineating methods are illustrated and the feasibility of comprehensive analysis is discussed. Recommendations are provided for selecting appropriate methods for delineating sphere of urban influence or developing regional hierarchy system plans and urban spatial structure schemes.
文摘Wheat dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis(WDEIA) is a rare but potentially severe food allergy caused by the combination of wheat ingestion and physical exercise. The impact of WDEIA on quality of life(QOL) is unclear. This study characterized the clinical and laboratory features and investigated the QOL in WDEIA patients from Central China. Twenty-eight WDEIA patients were analyzed, and QOL was measured by validated Chinese version Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire-Adult Form(FAQLQ-AF) and Food Allergy Independent Measure(FAIM) after obtaining the diagnosis. The results showed that half of the patients were females. The median onset age was 37 years old. The symptoms occurred within 1 h after wheat ingestion(26/28). Symptoms of anaphylaxis included cutaneous(26/28), respiratory(11/28), gastro-intestinal(5/28) and cardiovascular manifestations(27/28). Skin prick tests were positive to salt soluble(89.3%) and salt insoluble wheat allergen extracts(100%). Positive rate to wheat, gluten and omega-5 gliadin specific Ig E was 64.3%, 92.9% and 92.9% respectively. Specific Ig E to omega-5 gliadin with a cut-off value 0.83 KU/L offered highly efficient diagnostic criterion for WDEIA(sensitivity: 89.3%; and specificity: 88.9%). The mean scores of FAQLQ-AF and FAIM were 4.70 and 4.98 respectively and level of anti-omega-5 gliadin Ig E had positive correlations with FAQLQ scores. Thereby, WDEIA is commonly found in mid-age adults. In most cases, multi-organs especially skin and cardiovascular systems are involved. Salt insoluble wheat allergen skin test and serum specific Ig E to gluten and omega-5 gliadin help to diagnose WDEIA. QOL in WDEIA patients is severely impaired.
基金supported by the Climate Change Special Project of China Meteorological Administration:The Assessment Report Preparation of the Climate Change of Central China (No. CCSF-10-04)
文摘Based on the observations from 239 meteorological stations located in Central China (Henan, Hubei and Hunan provinces), this paper focuses on the climate change facts during 1961-2010. There was a significant increasing trend in annual mean temperature for Central China during 1961-2010. The increasing rate was 0.15°C per decade, which was lower than the national trend. Since the mid-1980s, temperature increasing was obvious. Large increasing rate was observed in the mid-eastern part of Central China. For the four seasons, the increasing rate in winter was the largest (0.27°C per decade). The increasing rate in the annual mean minimum temperature was larger than that in the annual mean maximum temperature from 1961 to 2010. As a result, the diurnal range of temperature decreased at the rate of -0.10°C per decade. The extreme high temperature events were increasing while the extreme low temperature events were significantly decreasing. There was no obvious trend in annual precipitation for Central China during 1961-2010. Precipitation in summer and winter significantly increased; change of precipitation in spring was not obvious; precipitation in autumn was decreasing. The decreasing rate of annual rainy days was -3.4 d per decade. The precipitation intensity increased at the rate of 0.25 mm d-1 per decade. Heavy-rain days significantly increased. Spring and summer started earlier while autumn and winter started later. As a result, spring and summer duration was expanding whereas autumn and winter duration shortened.
基金ThestudywasfundedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina (No .497940 43)andtheOpenLaboratoryofCon stitution ,InteractionandDynamicsoftheCrust MantleSystem China .
文摘It has long been debated that the Dabie orogenic belt belongs to the North China or Yangtze craton. In recent years, eastern China has been suggested, based on the Pb isotopic compositions of Phanerozoic ore and Mesozoic granitoid K-feldspar (revealing the crust Pb) in combination with Meso-Cenozoic basalts (revealing the mantle Pb), being divided into the North China and Yangtze Pb isotopic provinces, where the crust and mantle of the Yangtze craton are characterized by more radiogenic Pb. In this sense, previous researchers suggested that the pro-EW-trending Dabie orogenic belt with less radiogenic Pb in the crust was part of the North China craton. In this paper, however, the Late Cretaceous basalts in the central and southern parts of the Dabie orogenic belt are characterized by some more radiogenic Pb (\{\{\}\+\{206\}Pb\}/\{\{\}\+\{204\}Pb\}=\{17.936\}-\{18.349\}, \{\{\}\+\{207\}Pb\}/\{\{\}\+\{204\}Pb\}=\{15.500\}-\{15.688\}, \{\{\}\+\{208\}Pb\}/\{\{\}\+\{204\}Pb\}=\{38.399\}-\{38.775\}) and a unique U-Th-Pb trace element system similar to those of the Yangtze craton, showing that the Mesozoic mantle is of the Yangtze type. In addition, the decoupled Pb isotopic compositions between crust and mantle were considerably derived from their rheological inhomogeneity, implying a complicated evolution of the Dabie orogenic belt.