Introduction: About 10 to 15% of couples in the world and 20 to 30% in Cameroon consult for infertility problems. Infertility is of male origin in 40% of cases. Our objective was to evaluate the epidemiological and cl...Introduction: About 10 to 15% of couples in the world and 20 to 30% in Cameroon consult for infertility problems. Infertility is of male origin in 40% of cases. Our objective was to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical aspects of male infertility in our setting. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study, with retrospective data collection from the files of patients received for male infertility, over 5 years and 6 months (from January 1<sup>st</sup>, 2016 to April 30<sup>th</sup>, 2021) at the Urology Department of the Yaounde Central Hospital. Phone calls were made to patients with incomplete records for completion following a verbal consent. Data reported on data collection forms were entered into a data entry form designed on CSPro software version 7.2. The database was later exported for descriptive statistics using the IBM SPSS software version 23. Qualitative variables were summarized in frequencies and percentages while quantitative variables were summarized in means with their standard deviations for normally distributed data, or medians and interquartile ranges otherwise. Results: Out of 110 patients whose records were analyzed, the median age was 37.0 years, with an interquartile range of 8.3, with 55.5% in the age group 30 to 39 years. Of these 95 (86.4%) were married, 58 (52.7%) were from the West region, 76 (69.1%) were employed. Past history was dominated by mumps 40 (36.4%), varicocele surgery 25 (22.7%), alcoholism 87 (79.1%) and smoking 15 (13.6%). A disorder of spermatogenesis was found in all our patients: 37 (33.6%) azoospermia, 27 (24.6%) asthenospermia and 26 (23.7%) oligospermia patients. Paraclinical evidence of chlamydia and gonococcal infections were found respectively in 38 (34.5%) and 14 (12.7%) patients, varicocele and testicular dystrophy respectively in 95 (86.4%) and 38 (34.5%) patients. Infertility was primary in 67 (60.9%) patients. Conclusion: Most patients with infertility were in their thirties, had risky social habits and comorbidities. An early start of health promotion activities, comorbidities prevention and early detection of spermogram abnormalities would make it possible to reduce the frequency of male infertility.展开更多
Introduction: In developed countries in general and particularly in the Central African Republic, clandestine abortions constitute a real health problem. The aim of our work was to study the method of carrying out cla...Introduction: In developed countries in general and particularly in the Central African Republic, clandestine abortions constitute a real health problem. The aim of our work was to study the method of carrying out clandestine abortions, to describe the profile of the providers and the complications that result from it. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of patients hospitalized at the University Hospital Center for Sino-Central African Friendship (CHUASC) from 2015 to 2019 on 236 cases. Results: We identified a total of 254 patients for 8039 live births in the same period, a frequency of 3.16%. The age of the patients was between 15 years old and 48 years old with an average of 25 years old. Singles accounted for 42.5%. Induced abortions were more performed among students (32.6%) and the unemployed 53.6%. Contraception was used in 11.5% of cases. The methods used were numerous: misoprostol (32%), the traditional method (18%), the mechanical method (50%). In this method, we note the dilation of the cervix by the cassava stem;Hegar’s candles;the probes, which are infusion tubes cut and introduced into the cervix, of which 2 cases had escaped at the level of the uterine muscles and emerged under the skin at the pubis part two years later. The practice of induced abortions in our series was done by medical students in 37.3% followed by unqualified staff in 49.7%. It took place either at home or in centers managed by Non-Governmental Organizations. The aseptic conditions were not perfect. Some patients (43.2%) were aware of the ensuing complications. All complications were present: hemorrhage (60.7%), pelviperitonitis (23.6%), uterine perforation (6.6%), peritonitis (2.8%) and death (2%) related to sepsis. Conclusion: Clandestine abortion remains a real health problem for young Central African women.展开更多
Introduction: Immediate postpartum hemorrhages constitute a frequent maternal complication and remain at the forefront of maternal death in our countries. Objective: Contribute to improving the management of immediate...Introduction: Immediate postpartum hemorrhages constitute a frequent maternal complication and remain at the forefront of maternal death in our countries. Objective: Contribute to improving the management of immediate postpartum hemorrhage in our context with a view to reducing maternal mortality. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive and analytical study over a period of 12 months from January 1<sup>st</sup> to December 31<sup>st</sup> 2020. Results: We collected a total of 109 files on a total of 4360 deliveries. The frequency of postpartum haemorrhages was of the order of 2.5%. The most represented age group was between 20 and 24 years old. Pauciparas represented the majority of our study population. 64.5% of patients were uneducated. These hemorrhages occurred in patients who often gave birth outside the department with 63.8%. The main causes of postpartum hemorrhage were cervical tears (51.2%) and partial placental retention (30.7%). The majority of these deliveries (48.8%) were carried out by midwives followed by assistant midwives (33.2%). Active management of the third period of delivery was systematic and immediate followed by the valve examination completed by the infusion of oxytocin in case of uterine atony, tranexamic acid ans misoprostol intrarectally. In the event of persistent hemorrhage, suture of the cervical lesions, ligation of the cervical vessels or even laparotomy either for the selective ligation of the blood vessels or for the hysterectomy for hemostasis were practiced. We do not have a Nalador, nor a Bakry balloon, nor an Interventional Radiology service for embolization of the uterine arteries. We deplore 1.3% of deaths from afibrinogenemia. Conclusion: The frequency of immediate postpartum hemorrhages is lower in our health facility. This is due to the rapid handling of cases. Improving the quality of services offered to women during childbirth can further help reduce the frequency of these hemorrhages.展开更多
Summary: Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), as the largest application category of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is widely accepted among cancer patients in China. Herbal slice (HS) and Chinese patent drug (...Summary: Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), as the largest application category of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is widely accepted among cancer patients in China. Herbal slice (HS) and Chinese patent drug (CPD) are commonly used CHM in China. This study aimed to investigate the utilization of CHM among clinicians and cancer patients in central China. Five hundred and twenty-five patients and 165 clinicians in 35 comprehensive hospitals in central China were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire that was designed to evaluate the use of CHM. The results showed that 90.74% clinicians and 72.24% cancer patients used CHM during cancer treatment. The educational backgrounds of the clinicians and the age, education level, annual income, and cancer stage of the cancer patients were re- lated to use of CHM. More than 90% clinicians and cancer patients had used CPD. Comparatively, the percentage of HS use was 10% lower than that of CPD use among clinicians and cancer patients. More clinicians preferred to use CHM after surgery than cancer patients did (20.41% vs. 5.37%). Enhancing physical fitness and improving performance status were regarded as the most potential effect of CHM on cancer treatment (85.71% among clinicians and 94.07% among cancer patients), in comparison with directly killing tumor cells (24.49% among clinicians and 31.36% among patients). As for refusal rea- sons, imprecise efficacy was the unanimous (100%) reason for clinicians' rejection of CHM, and 95.58% patients objected to using CHM also for this reason. Furthermore, the side effects of CHM were more concerned by clinicians than by patients (33.33% vs. 15.81%). In conclusion, our survey revealed that CHM was popularly accepted by clinicians and cancer patients in central China. The reasons of use and rejection of CHM were different between clinicians and cancer patients.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">In-hospital mortality is high in low-income countries. Currently, little is known in Cameroon concerning the characteristics ...<strong>Background:</strong> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">In-hospital mortality is high in low-income countries. Currently, little is known in Cameroon concerning the characteristics of patients who die in cardiology units. Our objectives were to determine the in-hospital mortality rate;describe </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">th</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e general characteristics of death patients, and factors associated with mortality. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Material and Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study by reviewing the medical records of all patients admitted to the cardiology unit of the Yaoundé Central Hospital (CHY) between January 2018 </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">January 2019. The files of all death patients were studied for socio-demographical, clinical and therapeutical variables. Bivariate analysis was conducted to order to check the association between independents variables and time of death. A p-value <</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.05 was considered statistically significant. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A total number of 860 patients were admitted in the cardiology unit of CHY during the study period. Amongst the 860 patients admitted 78 had a fatal outcome, hence, an in-hospital mortality rate of 9.06%. The male gender was predominant amongst the deceased patients (n = 45). The mean age at death was 69 ± 15.19 years. The median time before death was 6 days and they ranged between 1 to 25 days. Hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity (65.4%). Stroke was the principal cause of admission (40.3%), whereas the main presenting complaint was dyspnea (26.9%). Before being admitted to the cardiology department, the majority of the deceased patients were from the emergency department. The major clinical sign of death was respiratory distress (39.74%). Shock on admission was the sole factor found to be associated with the mean time of death (p = 0.012). The patient</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> with deep venous thrombosis compared to other diagnoses were less like to die early (r = 16, p = 0.016). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The patient admitted in the cardiology unit of Yaoundé Central Hospital died mainly from stroke and the death is earlier when the patient has signs of shock on admission. These results emphasize the need for a good primary evaluation at the emergency room, to better manage patients with cardiovascular diseases in the cardiology ward.</span></span>展开更多
This study aims to analyze the clinical use of ornidazole injection at the post-marketing stage by centralized hospital monitoring system method,and investigate its widespread use in patients,in order to regulate and ...This study aims to analyze the clinical use of ornidazole injection at the post-marketing stage by centralized hospital monitoring system method,and investigate its widespread use in patients,in order to regulate and guide the rational drug use,improve the drug specificity and provide a basis for drug therapy.The study adopts a prospective,multi-center,large sample size,centralized hospital monitoring system.We selected five leading hospitals in Hubei province,and observed the inpatients who received the ornidazole injection from July 1,2015 to October 31,2015.The basic information of patients was recorded,as well as the drug use and adverse events.The statistical analysis was performed based on these data.A total of 4396 individuals were enrolled in this study,most of them were middle-aged female patients and the ornidazole injection was mainly used as prophylactic prior to surgery to prevent the infections,and surgical treatment of anaerobic infections,abdominal infections and pelvic infections.The irrational drug use existed mainly in the prescribing and administration process,including unreasonable dosing frequency,rapid intravenous drip speed and extended duration of drug use.Eleven cases of adverse reactions were collected during the monitoring,incidence rate of adverse reactions was 2.5‰;adverse drug reactions occurred within 30 min.The study results fully reflected the usage of ornidazole injection in the real world.Based on the study,we calculated the adverse reaction incidence of ornidazole and identified the risk factors which may affect the safety of ornidazole injection.Study results strongly recommend that the manufacturers should publish standards for inpatient use and doctors should prescribe with caution accordingly.展开更多
Objective:To identify and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Acinetobacter baumannii(A.baumannii) clinical isolates from ICU at Aseer Central Hospital.Methods:The study was conducted in the Intensive Car...Objective:To identify and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Acinetobacter baumannii(A.baumannii) clinical isolates from ICU at Aseer Central Hospital.Methods:The study was conducted in the Intensive Care Unit,Aseer Central Hospital,Saudi Arabia over 13 months period(2014-2015).Acinetobacter species(n= 105) were isolated from various clinical samples.Isolates were identified using selected phenotypic criteria and confirmed using the Vitek 2 automated system.This system was used to determine the susceptibilities of 21 antimicrobial agents.Patients,isolates and drug data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software package to determine some epidemiological and microbiological patterns.Results:Of the 105 stains,A.baumannii accounted for 49(46.67%),A.baumannii complex,19(18.09%),A.baumannii/haemolyticus 32(30.47),Acinetobacter haemolyticus 4(3.81%),Acinetobater lwoffii 1(0.95%) and unidentified Acinetobater species 2(1.3%).Of the 105 Acinetobacter strains,103(98.1%) were found multidrug resistant(MDR).A.baumannii strain were 100% sensitive to colistin and 74.5% to trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole.The remaining 19 antimicrobial agents revealed low or no sensitivities:amikacin 16.3%; ampicillin 7.7%; ceftazidime 7.3%.Distribution of similar sensitivities was shown by other Acinetobacter species.Mean number of isolates from males and females indicates no statistical variation(P=0.867) whereas age groups showed significant differences(P= 0.008) as it is clear from the high percentage of infected individuals more than 60 years followed by those aged 20 to 29 years old(19.05%).Upper respiratory tract(30.48%),lower respiratory tract(47.65%) and subcutaneous tissue(9.5%) were the main sources of Acinetobacter spp.but mean numbers of isolates from these specimens indicate no discrepancy between specimens(P=0.731).Conclusions:Acinetobacterspecies including A.baumannii were found MDR(98.1%) according to the current Acinetobacter spp.antimicrobial categorization.Approximately half of these strains were A.baumannii.All Acinetobacter species were 100% sensitive to colistin and to some extent to trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole(74.5%).ICU-acquired pneumonia among patients over 60 years of age who spend prolong times at artificial ventilations made up the majority of the cases.展开更多
In recent years,people's work and life have been unable to break away from the application of technology and information industry.However,the booming and huge influence of big data and information age has a greate...In recent years,people's work and life have been unable to break away from the application of technology and information industry.However,the booming and huge influence of big data and information age has a greater impact on people.In this form,the traditional model of public hospitals has a huge collision with it,so it actively seeks a way out and actively develops it.In the subsequent development,it needs to abandon the financial management mode of inefficiency,energy consumption,etc.,advanced financial management model to improve the financial management of public hospitals.This paper mainly studies the application and exploration of BPR theory in hospital financial management under the informationization.Firstly,it discusses and analyzes the BPR theory in detail.Secondly,it combines the status quo of public hospitals to reconstruct the information management financial management plan.Before and after the comparison,the application is applied to the daily financial management of the hospital according to the actual situation.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the effect of quality control circle on the central sterile supply department(CSSD).Methods:The control group and the observation group each consisted of 180 instruments received by the sterilizat...Objective:To analyze the effect of quality control circle on the central sterile supply department(CSSD).Methods:The control group and the observation group each consisted of 180 instruments received by the sterilization supply center from January to March 2023 and 11 CSSD staff.The control group underwent routine management while quality control circle was implemented in the observation group.The quality of work,disinfection and sterilization qualification rates,disinfection and sterilization of various instruments,cleaning indicators,and management satisfaction of both groups were compared.Results:The observation group scored higher in terms of work quality,the qualification rate of disinfection and sterilization in each link,the disinfection and sterilization of instruments,and cleaning indicators compared to the control group.Besides,the management satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:A quality control circle ensures the quality of work,improves the cleaning,disinfection,and sterilization of instruments of the CSSD,and improves the management satisfaction of the CSSD staff.展开更多
Central bank digital currencies(CBDCs),which are legal tenders in digital form,are expected to reduce currency issuance and circulation costs and broaden the scope of monetary policy.In addition,these currencies may a...Central bank digital currencies(CBDCs),which are legal tenders in digital form,are expected to reduce currency issuance and circulation costs and broaden the scope of monetary policy.In addition,these currencies may also reduce consumers’need for conventional demand deposits,which,in turn,increases banks’loan provision costs because deposits require higher rates of return.We use a microeconomic banking model to investigate the effects of introducing an economy-wide,account-type CBDC on a bank’s loan supply and its failure risk.Given that a CBDC is expected to lower the cost of liquidity circulation and become a strong substitute for demand deposits,both the loan supply and the bank failure risk increase.These increases are countered by subsequent increases in the rates of return on term deposits and loans,which,in turn,reduce the loan supply and thus bank failure risk.These offsetting forces lead to no significant change in banking,as long as the rate of return on loans is below a certain threshold.However,once the rate is above the threshold,bank failure risk increases,thereby undermining banking stability.The problem is more pronounced when the degree of pass-through of funding costs to the loan rate is high and the profitability of a successful project is low.Our results imply that central banks wishing to introduce an economy-wide,account-type CBDC should first monitor yields on bank loans and consider policy measures that induce banks to maintain adequate liquidity reserve levels.展开更多
Currently,the only central bank digital currencies(CBDC)in the world is Venezuela^currency^Petro.Nowadays,the IMF,BIS,and major countries have conducted a lot of research on CBDC.It's an urgent issue for the centr...Currently,the only central bank digital currencies(CBDC)in the world is Venezuela^currency^Petro.Nowadays,the IMF,BIS,and major countries have conducted a lot of research on CBDC.It's an urgent issue for the central bank to issue CBDC,determine and formulate the circulation of CBDC and the issuance speed,and supervise it.Therefore,establishing ARMA and VARs by sorting out literature,the paper uses the characteristics of CBDC—cash,and similarities with third-party payment in terms of payment to determine the circulation of CDBC by third-party payment users and currency in circulation.The model calculates and predicts the speed of circulation of digital currency.The issuance of CBDC will accelerate the circulation of money.In this regard,we will explore the impact of money supply on monetary policy and make relevant recommendations.展开更多
With the trade network analysis method and bilateral country-product level trade data of 2017-2020,this paper reveals the overall characteristics and intrinsic vulnerabilities of China’s global supply chains.Our rese...With the trade network analysis method and bilateral country-product level trade data of 2017-2020,this paper reveals the overall characteristics and intrinsic vulnerabilities of China’s global supply chains.Our research finds that first,most global supply-chain-vulnerable products are from technology-intensive sectors.For advanced economies,their supply chain vulnerabilities are primarily exposed to political and economic alliances.In comparison,developing economies are more dependent on regional communities.Second,China has a significant export advantage with over 80%of highly vulnerable intermediate inputs relying on imports of high-end electrical,mechanical and chemical products from advanced economies or their multinational companies.China also relies on developing economies for the import of some resource products.Third,during the trade frictions from 2018 to 2019 and the subsequent COVID-19 pandemic,there was a significant reduction in the supply chain vulnerabilities of China and the US for critical products compared with other products,which reflects a shift in the layout of critical product supply chains to ensure not just efficiency but security.China should address supply chain vulnerabilities by bolstering supply-side weaknesses,diversifying import sources,and promoting international coordination and cooperation.展开更多
文摘Introduction: About 10 to 15% of couples in the world and 20 to 30% in Cameroon consult for infertility problems. Infertility is of male origin in 40% of cases. Our objective was to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical aspects of male infertility in our setting. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study, with retrospective data collection from the files of patients received for male infertility, over 5 years and 6 months (from January 1<sup>st</sup>, 2016 to April 30<sup>th</sup>, 2021) at the Urology Department of the Yaounde Central Hospital. Phone calls were made to patients with incomplete records for completion following a verbal consent. Data reported on data collection forms were entered into a data entry form designed on CSPro software version 7.2. The database was later exported for descriptive statistics using the IBM SPSS software version 23. Qualitative variables were summarized in frequencies and percentages while quantitative variables were summarized in means with their standard deviations for normally distributed data, or medians and interquartile ranges otherwise. Results: Out of 110 patients whose records were analyzed, the median age was 37.0 years, with an interquartile range of 8.3, with 55.5% in the age group 30 to 39 years. Of these 95 (86.4%) were married, 58 (52.7%) were from the West region, 76 (69.1%) were employed. Past history was dominated by mumps 40 (36.4%), varicocele surgery 25 (22.7%), alcoholism 87 (79.1%) and smoking 15 (13.6%). A disorder of spermatogenesis was found in all our patients: 37 (33.6%) azoospermia, 27 (24.6%) asthenospermia and 26 (23.7%) oligospermia patients. Paraclinical evidence of chlamydia and gonococcal infections were found respectively in 38 (34.5%) and 14 (12.7%) patients, varicocele and testicular dystrophy respectively in 95 (86.4%) and 38 (34.5%) patients. Infertility was primary in 67 (60.9%) patients. Conclusion: Most patients with infertility were in their thirties, had risky social habits and comorbidities. An early start of health promotion activities, comorbidities prevention and early detection of spermogram abnormalities would make it possible to reduce the frequency of male infertility.
文摘Introduction: In developed countries in general and particularly in the Central African Republic, clandestine abortions constitute a real health problem. The aim of our work was to study the method of carrying out clandestine abortions, to describe the profile of the providers and the complications that result from it. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of patients hospitalized at the University Hospital Center for Sino-Central African Friendship (CHUASC) from 2015 to 2019 on 236 cases. Results: We identified a total of 254 patients for 8039 live births in the same period, a frequency of 3.16%. The age of the patients was between 15 years old and 48 years old with an average of 25 years old. Singles accounted for 42.5%. Induced abortions were more performed among students (32.6%) and the unemployed 53.6%. Contraception was used in 11.5% of cases. The methods used were numerous: misoprostol (32%), the traditional method (18%), the mechanical method (50%). In this method, we note the dilation of the cervix by the cassava stem;Hegar’s candles;the probes, which are infusion tubes cut and introduced into the cervix, of which 2 cases had escaped at the level of the uterine muscles and emerged under the skin at the pubis part two years later. The practice of induced abortions in our series was done by medical students in 37.3% followed by unqualified staff in 49.7%. It took place either at home or in centers managed by Non-Governmental Organizations. The aseptic conditions were not perfect. Some patients (43.2%) were aware of the ensuing complications. All complications were present: hemorrhage (60.7%), pelviperitonitis (23.6%), uterine perforation (6.6%), peritonitis (2.8%) and death (2%) related to sepsis. Conclusion: Clandestine abortion remains a real health problem for young Central African women.
文摘Introduction: Immediate postpartum hemorrhages constitute a frequent maternal complication and remain at the forefront of maternal death in our countries. Objective: Contribute to improving the management of immediate postpartum hemorrhage in our context with a view to reducing maternal mortality. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive and analytical study over a period of 12 months from January 1<sup>st</sup> to December 31<sup>st</sup> 2020. Results: We collected a total of 109 files on a total of 4360 deliveries. The frequency of postpartum haemorrhages was of the order of 2.5%. The most represented age group was between 20 and 24 years old. Pauciparas represented the majority of our study population. 64.5% of patients were uneducated. These hemorrhages occurred in patients who often gave birth outside the department with 63.8%. The main causes of postpartum hemorrhage were cervical tears (51.2%) and partial placental retention (30.7%). The majority of these deliveries (48.8%) were carried out by midwives followed by assistant midwives (33.2%). Active management of the third period of delivery was systematic and immediate followed by the valve examination completed by the infusion of oxytocin in case of uterine atony, tranexamic acid ans misoprostol intrarectally. In the event of persistent hemorrhage, suture of the cervical lesions, ligation of the cervical vessels or even laparotomy either for the selective ligation of the blood vessels or for the hysterectomy for hemostasis were practiced. We do not have a Nalador, nor a Bakry balloon, nor an Interventional Radiology service for embolization of the uterine arteries. We deplore 1.3% of deaths from afibrinogenemia. Conclusion: The frequency of immediate postpartum hemorrhages is lower in our health facility. This is due to the rapid handling of cases. Improving the quality of services offered to women during childbirth can further help reduce the frequency of these hemorrhages.
基金supported by Hubei Provincial Health Department Research Fund Project of China(No.2012Z-Y10)
文摘Summary: Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), as the largest application category of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is widely accepted among cancer patients in China. Herbal slice (HS) and Chinese patent drug (CPD) are commonly used CHM in China. This study aimed to investigate the utilization of CHM among clinicians and cancer patients in central China. Five hundred and twenty-five patients and 165 clinicians in 35 comprehensive hospitals in central China were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire that was designed to evaluate the use of CHM. The results showed that 90.74% clinicians and 72.24% cancer patients used CHM during cancer treatment. The educational backgrounds of the clinicians and the age, education level, annual income, and cancer stage of the cancer patients were re- lated to use of CHM. More than 90% clinicians and cancer patients had used CPD. Comparatively, the percentage of HS use was 10% lower than that of CPD use among clinicians and cancer patients. More clinicians preferred to use CHM after surgery than cancer patients did (20.41% vs. 5.37%). Enhancing physical fitness and improving performance status were regarded as the most potential effect of CHM on cancer treatment (85.71% among clinicians and 94.07% among cancer patients), in comparison with directly killing tumor cells (24.49% among clinicians and 31.36% among patients). As for refusal rea- sons, imprecise efficacy was the unanimous (100%) reason for clinicians' rejection of CHM, and 95.58% patients objected to using CHM also for this reason. Furthermore, the side effects of CHM were more concerned by clinicians than by patients (33.33% vs. 15.81%). In conclusion, our survey revealed that CHM was popularly accepted by clinicians and cancer patients in central China. The reasons of use and rejection of CHM were different between clinicians and cancer patients.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">In-hospital mortality is high in low-income countries. Currently, little is known in Cameroon concerning the characteristics of patients who die in cardiology units. Our objectives were to determine the in-hospital mortality rate;describe </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">th</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e general characteristics of death patients, and factors associated with mortality. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Material and Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study by reviewing the medical records of all patients admitted to the cardiology unit of the Yaoundé Central Hospital (CHY) between January 2018 </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">January 2019. The files of all death patients were studied for socio-demographical, clinical and therapeutical variables. Bivariate analysis was conducted to order to check the association between independents variables and time of death. A p-value <</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.05 was considered statistically significant. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A total number of 860 patients were admitted in the cardiology unit of CHY during the study period. Amongst the 860 patients admitted 78 had a fatal outcome, hence, an in-hospital mortality rate of 9.06%. The male gender was predominant amongst the deceased patients (n = 45). The mean age at death was 69 ± 15.19 years. The median time before death was 6 days and they ranged between 1 to 25 days. Hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity (65.4%). Stroke was the principal cause of admission (40.3%), whereas the main presenting complaint was dyspnea (26.9%). Before being admitted to the cardiology department, the majority of the deceased patients were from the emergency department. The major clinical sign of death was respiratory distress (39.74%). Shock on admission was the sole factor found to be associated with the mean time of death (p = 0.012). The patient</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> with deep venous thrombosis compared to other diagnoses were less like to die early (r = 16, p = 0.016). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The patient admitted in the cardiology unit of Yaoundé Central Hospital died mainly from stroke and the death is earlier when the patient has signs of shock on admission. These results emphasize the need for a good primary evaluation at the emergency room, to better manage patients with cardiovascular diseases in the cardiology ward.</span></span>
文摘This study aims to analyze the clinical use of ornidazole injection at the post-marketing stage by centralized hospital monitoring system method,and investigate its widespread use in patients,in order to regulate and guide the rational drug use,improve the drug specificity and provide a basis for drug therapy.The study adopts a prospective,multi-center,large sample size,centralized hospital monitoring system.We selected five leading hospitals in Hubei province,and observed the inpatients who received the ornidazole injection from July 1,2015 to October 31,2015.The basic information of patients was recorded,as well as the drug use and adverse events.The statistical analysis was performed based on these data.A total of 4396 individuals were enrolled in this study,most of them were middle-aged female patients and the ornidazole injection was mainly used as prophylactic prior to surgery to prevent the infections,and surgical treatment of anaerobic infections,abdominal infections and pelvic infections.The irrational drug use existed mainly in the prescribing and administration process,including unreasonable dosing frequency,rapid intravenous drip speed and extended duration of drug use.Eleven cases of adverse reactions were collected during the monitoring,incidence rate of adverse reactions was 2.5‰;adverse drug reactions occurred within 30 min.The study results fully reflected the usage of ornidazole injection in the real world.Based on the study,we calculated the adverse reaction incidence of ornidazole and identified the risk factors which may affect the safety of ornidazole injection.Study results strongly recommend that the manufacturers should publish standards for inpatient use and doctors should prescribe with caution accordingly.
文摘Objective:To identify and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Acinetobacter baumannii(A.baumannii) clinical isolates from ICU at Aseer Central Hospital.Methods:The study was conducted in the Intensive Care Unit,Aseer Central Hospital,Saudi Arabia over 13 months period(2014-2015).Acinetobacter species(n= 105) were isolated from various clinical samples.Isolates were identified using selected phenotypic criteria and confirmed using the Vitek 2 automated system.This system was used to determine the susceptibilities of 21 antimicrobial agents.Patients,isolates and drug data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software package to determine some epidemiological and microbiological patterns.Results:Of the 105 stains,A.baumannii accounted for 49(46.67%),A.baumannii complex,19(18.09%),A.baumannii/haemolyticus 32(30.47),Acinetobacter haemolyticus 4(3.81%),Acinetobater lwoffii 1(0.95%) and unidentified Acinetobater species 2(1.3%).Of the 105 Acinetobacter strains,103(98.1%) were found multidrug resistant(MDR).A.baumannii strain were 100% sensitive to colistin and 74.5% to trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole.The remaining 19 antimicrobial agents revealed low or no sensitivities:amikacin 16.3%; ampicillin 7.7%; ceftazidime 7.3%.Distribution of similar sensitivities was shown by other Acinetobacter species.Mean number of isolates from males and females indicates no statistical variation(P=0.867) whereas age groups showed significant differences(P= 0.008) as it is clear from the high percentage of infected individuals more than 60 years followed by those aged 20 to 29 years old(19.05%).Upper respiratory tract(30.48%),lower respiratory tract(47.65%) and subcutaneous tissue(9.5%) were the main sources of Acinetobacter spp.but mean numbers of isolates from these specimens indicate no discrepancy between specimens(P=0.731).Conclusions:Acinetobacterspecies including A.baumannii were found MDR(98.1%) according to the current Acinetobacter spp.antimicrobial categorization.Approximately half of these strains were A.baumannii.All Acinetobacter species were 100% sensitive to colistin and to some extent to trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole(74.5%).ICU-acquired pneumonia among patients over 60 years of age who spend prolong times at artificial ventilations made up the majority of the cases.
文摘In recent years,people's work and life have been unable to break away from the application of technology and information industry.However,the booming and huge influence of big data and information age has a greater impact on people.In this form,the traditional model of public hospitals has a huge collision with it,so it actively seeks a way out and actively develops it.In the subsequent development,it needs to abandon the financial management mode of inefficiency,energy consumption,etc.,advanced financial management model to improve the financial management of public hospitals.This paper mainly studies the application and exploration of BPR theory in hospital financial management under the informationization.Firstly,it discusses and analyzes the BPR theory in detail.Secondly,it combines the status quo of public hospitals to reconstruct the information management financial management plan.Before and after the comparison,the application is applied to the daily financial management of the hospital according to the actual situation.
文摘Objective:To analyze the effect of quality control circle on the central sterile supply department(CSSD).Methods:The control group and the observation group each consisted of 180 instruments received by the sterilization supply center from January to March 2023 and 11 CSSD staff.The control group underwent routine management while quality control circle was implemented in the observation group.The quality of work,disinfection and sterilization qualification rates,disinfection and sterilization of various instruments,cleaning indicators,and management satisfaction of both groups were compared.Results:The observation group scored higher in terms of work quality,the qualification rate of disinfection and sterilization in each link,the disinfection and sterilization of instruments,and cleaning indicators compared to the control group.Besides,the management satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:A quality control circle ensures the quality of work,improves the cleaning,disinfection,and sterilization of instruments of the CSSD,and improves the management satisfaction of the CSSD staff.
基金support from the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2020S1A5A8044620).
文摘Central bank digital currencies(CBDCs),which are legal tenders in digital form,are expected to reduce currency issuance and circulation costs and broaden the scope of monetary policy.In addition,these currencies may also reduce consumers’need for conventional demand deposits,which,in turn,increases banks’loan provision costs because deposits require higher rates of return.We use a microeconomic banking model to investigate the effects of introducing an economy-wide,account-type CBDC on a bank’s loan supply and its failure risk.Given that a CBDC is expected to lower the cost of liquidity circulation and become a strong substitute for demand deposits,both the loan supply and the bank failure risk increase.These increases are countered by subsequent increases in the rates of return on term deposits and loans,which,in turn,reduce the loan supply and thus bank failure risk.These offsetting forces lead to no significant change in banking,as long as the rate of return on loans is below a certain threshold.However,once the rate is above the threshold,bank failure risk increases,thereby undermining banking stability.The problem is more pronounced when the degree of pass-through of funding costs to the loan rate is high and the profitability of a successful project is low.Our results imply that central banks wishing to introduce an economy-wide,account-type CBDC should first monitor yields on bank loans and consider policy measures that induce banks to maintain adequate liquidity reserve levels.
文摘Currently,the only central bank digital currencies(CBDC)in the world is Venezuela^currency^Petro.Nowadays,the IMF,BIS,and major countries have conducted a lot of research on CBDC.It's an urgent issue for the central bank to issue CBDC,determine and formulate the circulation of CBDC and the issuance speed,and supervise it.Therefore,establishing ARMA and VARs by sorting out literature,the paper uses the characteristics of CBDC—cash,and similarities with third-party payment in terms of payment to determine the circulation of CDBC by third-party payment users and currency in circulation.The model calculates and predicts the speed of circulation of digital currency.The issuance of CBDC will accelerate the circulation of money.In this regard,we will explore the impact of money supply on monetary policy and make relevant recommendations.
文摘With the trade network analysis method and bilateral country-product level trade data of 2017-2020,this paper reveals the overall characteristics and intrinsic vulnerabilities of China’s global supply chains.Our research finds that first,most global supply-chain-vulnerable products are from technology-intensive sectors.For advanced economies,their supply chain vulnerabilities are primarily exposed to political and economic alliances.In comparison,developing economies are more dependent on regional communities.Second,China has a significant export advantage with over 80%of highly vulnerable intermediate inputs relying on imports of high-end electrical,mechanical and chemical products from advanced economies or their multinational companies.China also relies on developing economies for the import of some resource products.Third,during the trade frictions from 2018 to 2019 and the subsequent COVID-19 pandemic,there was a significant reduction in the supply chain vulnerabilities of China and the US for critical products compared with other products,which reflects a shift in the layout of critical product supply chains to ensure not just efficiency but security.China should address supply chain vulnerabilities by bolstering supply-side weaknesses,diversifying import sources,and promoting international coordination and cooperation.