Effect of pouring time on microstructure and mechanical properties of centrifugal cast Ti-46Al alloy tubes

The grain size of TiAl alloy castings prepared by traditional casting process is coarse,thus showing poor mechanical properties.In this study,a new type of high performance Ti-46Al alloy tube prepared by vacuum centrifugal casting technology was introduced.This research comprehensively examined the influence of pouring time on the microstructure and mechanical performance of the castings,employing both experimental approaches and ProCast simulation methodologies.The findings indicate that prolonging the pouring time facilitates a microstructural evolution from coarse columnar grains to refined equiaxed grains.Under the condition of pouring temperature of 1,600℃,rotation speed of 800 r·min^(-1) and pouring time of 6 s,the tensile strength of Ti-46Al alloy at room temperature reaches 650 MPa,and the tensile strength at 800℃ reaches 705 MPa,which is significantly higher than that of traditional as-cast Ti-Al alloy.

Microstructure and Hot Tearing Sensitivity Simulation and Parameters Optimization for the Centrifugal Casting of Al-Cu Alloy

Four typical theories on the formation of thermal tears:strength,liquid film,intergranular bridging,and solidifica-tion shrinkage compensation theories.From these theories,a number of criteria have been derived for predicting the formation of thermal cracks,such as the stress-based Niyama,Clyne,and RDG(Rapaz-Dreiser-Grimaud)criteria.In this paper,a mathematical model of horizontal centrifugal casting was established,and numerical simulation analysis was conducted for the centrifugal casting process of cylindrical Al-Cu alloy castings to investigate the effect of the centrifugal casting process conditions on the microstructure and hot tearing sensitivity of alloy castings by using the modified RDG hot tearing criterion.Results show that increasing the centrifugal rotation and pouring speeds can refine the microstructure of the alloy but increasing the pouring and mold preheating temperatures can lead to an increase in grain size.The grain size gradually transitions from fine grain on the outer layer to coarse grain on the inner layer.Meanwhile,combined with the modified RDG hot tearing criterion,the overall distribution of the castings’hot tearing sensitivity was analyzed.The analysis results indicate that the porosity in the middle region of the casting was large,and hot tearing defects were prone to occur.The hot tearing tendency on the inner side of the casting was greater than that on the outer side.The effects of centrifugal rotation speed,pouring temperature,and preheating temperature on the thermal sensitivity of Al-Cu alloy castings are summarized in this paper.This study revealed that the tendency of alloy hot cracking decreases with the increase of the centrifugal speed,and the maximum porosity of castings decreases first and then increases with the pouring temperature.As the preheating temperature increases,the overall maximum porosity of castings shows a decreasing trend.

Numerical Simulation and Entropy Production Analysis of Centrifugal Pump with Various Viscosity

The fluid’s viscosity significantly affects the performance of a centrifugal pump.The entropy production method and leakage are employed to analyze the performance changes under various viscosities by numerical simulation and validated by experiments.The results showed that increasing viscosity reduces both the pump head and efficiency.In addition,the optimal operating point shifts to the left.Leakage is influenced by vortex distribution in the front chamber and boundary layer thickness in wear-ring clearance,leading to an initial increase and subsequent decrease in leakage with increasing viscosity.The total entropy production Spro,Total inside the pump rises with increasing viscosity.The different mechanisms dominate under varying conditions:Turbulent dissipation dominates at low viscosity.Under high-viscosity conditions,energy loss is primarily caused by direct dissipation Spro,D and wall entropy production Spro,W.This study provides a deeper and more objective understanding of the energy characteristics of centrifugal pumps handling fluids of various viscosity,potentially aiding in optimizing pump design and improving energy conversion efficiency.

Experimental Analysis of Radial Centrifugal Pump Shutdown

Centrifugal pumps are widely used in the metallurgy,coal,and building sectors.In order to study the hydraulic characteristics of a closed impeller centrifugal pump during its shutdown in the so-called power frequency and frequency conversion modes,experiments were carried to determine the characteristic evolution of parameters such as speed,inlet and outlet pressure,head,flow rate and shaft power.A quasi-steady-state method was also used to further investigate these transient behaviors.The results show that,compared to the power frequency input,the performance parameter curves for the frequency conversion input are less volatile and smoother.The characteristic time is longer and the response to shutdown is slower.The quasi-steady-state theoretical head-flow curves match the experimental head-flow curves more closely at low flow rates when the frequency conversion input is considered.Moreover,in this case,the similarity law predicts the hydraulic performance more accurately.

Blade Wrap Angle Impact on Centrifugal Pump Performance:Entropy Generation and Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis

The centrifugal pump is a prevalent power equipment widely used in different engineering patterns,and the impeller blade wrap angle significantly impacts its performance.A numerical investigation was conducted to analyze the influence of the blade wrap angle on flow characteristics and energy distribution of a centrifugal pump evaluated as a low specific speed with a value of 69.This study investigates six impellermodels that possess varying blade wrap angles(95°,105°,115°,125°,135°,and 145°)that were created while maintaining the same volute and other geometrical characteristics.The investigation of energy loss was conducted to evaluate the values of total and entropy generation rates(TEG,EGR).The fluid-structure interaction was considered numerically using the software tools ANSYS Fluent and ANSYSWorkbench.The elastic structural dynamic equation was used to estimate the structural response,while the shear stress transport k–ωturbulence model was utilized for the fluid domain modeling.The findings suggest that the blade wrap angle has a significant influence on the efficiency of the pump.The impeller featuring a blade wrap angle of 145°exhibits higher efficiency,with a notable increase of 3.76%relative to the original model.Variations in the blade wrap angle impact the energy loss,shaft power,and pump head.The model with a 145°angle exhibited a maximum equivalent stress of 14.8MPa and a total deformation of 0.084 mm.The results provide valuable insights into the intricate flow mechanism of the centrifugal pump,particularly when considering various blade wrap angles.

Improvement of microstructure and mechanical properties of Al−Cu−Li−Mg−Zn alloys through water-cooling centrifugal casting technique

The microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Al−Cu−Li−Mg−Zn alloys fabricated by conventional gravity casting and centrifugal casting techniques combined with rapid solidification were investigated.Experimental results demonstrated that compared with the gravity casting technique,the water-cooling centrifugal casting technique significantly reduces porosity,refinesα(Al)grains and secondary phases,modifies the morphology of secondary phases,and mitigates both macro-and micro-segregation.These improvements arise from the synergistic effects of the vigorous backflow,centrifugal field,vibration and rapid solidification.Porosity and coarse plate-like Al13Fe4/Al7Cu2Fe phase result in the fracture before the gravity-cast alloy reaches the yield point.The centrifugal-cast alloy,however,exhibits an ultra-high yield strength of 292.0 MPa and a moderate elongation of 6.1%.This high yield strength is attributed to solid solution strengthening(SSS)of 225.3 MPa,and grain boundary strengthening(GBS)of 35.7 MPa.Li contributes the most to SSS with a scaling factor of 7.9 MPa·wt.%^(-1).The elongation of the centrifugal-cast alloy can be effectively enhanced by reducing the porosity and segregation behavior,refining the microstructure and changing the morphology of secondary phases.

Effect of the Density of Molten Metal on the Raining Phenomenon in Horizontal Centrifugal Casting

In this work the influence of the density of the molten metal on the emergence of the raining phenomenon in the horizontal centrifugal casting process is numerically studied. Transient 2D numerical simulations were carried out using Computational Fluid Dynamics software. Three molten metals with different density, namely aluminum, iron and lead, and three angular frequencies, namely 50, 66 and 77 rad/s were considered. It is found that the density of the molten metal significantly affects the emergence, transient or permanent, of the rain phenomenon. However, the magnitude and duration of the rain phenomenon depend on the angular frequency of the rotating mold. Likewise, since gravitational forces affect the metal according to its density, the value of the critical rotation speed of the mold is also affected.

Diagnosis of Different Degree of Blockage Levels in the Centrifugal Pump Employing Vibration,Pressure and Current Data through Artificial Neural Network

The appearance of flow instabilities like the blockage severity,impeller cut flaws,pitted cover plate flaws can cause to diminish the efficiency of centrifugal pump(CP),and may result in excessive vibration and noise,and their failure may lead to the system imploding.To bridge the gap of downfall in the efficiency of CP,it is crucial that a system can be created to monitor the condition of the CP and must be maintained.The present work proposes at identifying and determining the severity of various blockage levels in the inlet pipe with three different kinds of pumps using three distinct sensors.One pump works faultlessly(healthy pump),another has cuts artificially made on the impeller blade,and the third has pits artificially created on the cover plate.The inlet pipe blockage mimics pump blockage which is made more severe step by step.As the blockage gets worse and the flow slows down,recirculation starts,causing vapor bubbles to form.Utilizing a mechanical modulating valve,the inlet flow area of the pipe is partitioned into six intervals(0%,16.7%,33.3%,50%,66.6%,and 83.33%)to replicate pump blockage.This obstruction directly influences vibrations,current line signals,and fluid dynamic pressure.To gather data across a spectrum of blockage levels and operational frequencies(30 Hz,35 Hz,40 Hz,45 Hz,50 Hz,55 Hz,and 60 Hz),a combination of a pressure transducer,accelerometer,and current probes were strategically employed in this investigation.Multiple sets of statistical features were extracted from the data,and through various algorithms,the most effective combined statistical feature set was determined.In this domain,the combination of standard deviation,mean,and entropy demonstrates superior performance compared to other features.This feature set was input into an ANN model,which is developed by optimizing parameters like hidden layer count,neurons,epochs and then the results of this investigation are then compared with existing literature.It has been noted that employing combinations of multiple sets of statistical features significantly improves the accuracy in identifying obstruction levels,often achieving near-perfect accuracy for various feature sets(nearly 100%across various combinations).In comparison to other SOTA methods,this approach achieves higher accuracy,ranging from 2.41%to 15.69%across different metrics.This study presents a method to classify inlet pipe blockages into various levels,enhancing maintenance prioritization and reducing downtime and repair costs,ensuring long-term equipment health and operational efficiency.The fault prediction methodology proves highly robust across various CP operating conditions.

基于离心泵数字孪生流场云图的叶轮故障诊断方法与应用

随着工业技术的发展,离心泵的健康诊断与维护需求日益迫切,结合数字孪生和机器视觉技术,提出一种基于数字孪生流场云图的离心泵叶轮机械故障智能诊断方法。借助离心泵数字孪生模型来模拟叶轮叶片随机断裂故障的演化发展,生成具有不同故障特征的叶轮流场压力及速度云图;基于对Yolov5算法的学习训练,获得了压力和速度云图两类机器视觉模型,并结合统计分析实现了叶轮故障的初步诊断;进而考虑两类检测模型的优势互补特性,基于堆叠集成的思想将二者融合,以提升叶轮故障诊断的准确性。经实验验证,针对叶轮叶片的随机断裂故障,所提方法可达到0.99以上的诊断准确度,开发的离心泵叶轮机械故障智能诊断系统使所提方法得以落地应用。

基于螺栓预紧力监测土工离心机不平衡力的方法研究

研究了一种基于监测地脚螺栓轴向预紧力变化的土工离心机动态不平衡力在线测量方法。首先,通过理论推导了不同的不平衡力状态下,地脚螺栓的轴向预紧力变化模型,证明了间接测试离心机不平衡力的可行性。其次,在TLJ-500型离心机上开展试验,获得了动态不平衡力矩随配重变化的规律,并对测点轴向力变化进行拟合,建立了测点轴向力与不平衡质量及离心机运行重力加速度g值的关系。最后,对一个地脚螺栓的预紧力变化进行测量,通过响应面拟合可建立地脚螺栓轴向预紧力的变化与离心机运行加速度和配重质量的关联。研究表明,通过监测地脚螺栓预紧力变化获得的离心机运行不平衡力的方法具有一定可行性,试验中应保持不同配重的质心一致;根据拟合式计算使转臂平衡的配重质量时,应尽量采用较大的加速度以降低离心机未甩平带来的误差。

砂土中能源桩承载力受热冷循环影响的离心机试验

为研究砂土中能源桩在热冷循环温度作用下的承载能力,开展不同密实度奉浦砂土中细长能源桩的离心机模型试验.试验中进行20次热—冷温度循环作用,获得能源桩轴力、侧摩阻力、单桩承载力等的变化规律,并进行对比研究.试验结果表明:随着温度循环次数增加,能源桩桩身轴力均逐渐衰减并趋于稳定,且中密砂中能源桩最大轴力衰减值远高于密砂中能源桩;在热冷温度循环过程中,中密砂中能源桩桩身中下部存在中性点,在冷循环过程中中性点以上存在正的附加侧摩阻力,下部存在负的附加侧摩阻力,而在热循环过程中中性点以上存在负的附加侧摩阻力,下部存在正的附加侧摩阻力;密砂对能源桩下部存在明显的约束作用,使其在冷循环过程中全桩身相对桩周土体存在向下的位移趋势,产生全桩身正的附加侧摩阻力,而热循环过程中产生负的附加侧摩阻力;长期循环荷载作用使得能源桩的桩基承载力发生折减,与相应原型桩相比,埋设于中密砂和密砂中的能源桩承载力分别减小了7.3%和15.6%;密砂中的原型桩及能源桩承载力均高于中密砂中原型桩约11%;当实际工程中能源桩处于不同密实度的砂土层中时,需采取合理的措施,以满足能源桩的承载要求.

串列叶片结构对离心泵空化性能的影响

为改善低比转数离心泵的空化性能,设计了一种串列叶片结构的叶轮模型,采用修正的SST k-ω湍流模型和Z-G-B空化模型对离心泵进行瞬态的数值分析,并通过外特性试验和空化试验对算法进行验证,通过对比原模型与串列叶片叶轮模型的外特性与空化特性以及叶轮内的流场结构、压力分布、湍动能分布、空泡体积和压力脉动情况,分析串列叶片结构对离心泵空化性能的影响.结果表明:串列叶片结构对离心泵的外特性影响较小,但在空化发展和严重阶段抑制了空泡的产生,改善了泵的空化性能;同时抑制了空化初生阶段的高湍动能区域的扩张,削弱了空化发展和严重阶段叶轮出口湍动能强度,减少了旋转叶轮周围形成的低压区;降低了空化发展和严重阶段时蜗壳隔舌处的压力脉动主频幅值,对空化诱导产生的噪声和喘振起到抑制作用,可使泵的运行更加稳定.

BP神经网络在离心压缩机叶轮优化中的应用

为了提高离心式压缩机叶轮设计效率并降低计算资源消耗,针对遗传算法优化中计算量大、效率低的问题,提出基于改进粒子群优化算法(IPSO)优化BP神经网络的方法。通过少量计算流体动力学(CFD)仿真样本,训练BP神经网络建立效率与叶轮参数的映射关系,结合IPSO优化其参数,同时利用遗传算法(GA)确定叶轮的最佳性能参数。研究表明,改进的IPSO算法通过增强粒子群的动态适应性和全局搜索能力,提高了BP神经网络的预测精度和优化效率。优化后的叶轮等熵效率提高1.34%,多变效率提高1.04%,流量增加10.4%。该方法显著提升了离心式压缩机叶轮的设计效率和性能,为复杂流体机械的优化设计提供了新思路。

Effects of temperature on fracture behavior of Al-based in-situ composites reinforced with Mg_2Si and Si particles fabricated by centrifugal casting

An aluminum-based in-situ composites reinforced with Mg2Si and Si particles were produced by centrifugal casting A1-20Si-5Mg alloy. The microstructure of the composites was examined, and the effects of temperature on fracture behavior of the composite were investigated. The results show that the average fraction of primary Si and Mg2Si particles in the composites is as high as 38%, and ultimate tensile strengths （UTS） of the composites first increase then decrease with the increase of test temperature. Microstructures of broken specimens show that both the particle fracture and the interface debonding affect the fracture behavior of the composites, and the interface debonding becomes the dominant fracture mechanism with increasing test temperature. Comparative results indicate that rich particles in the composites and excellent interface strength play great roles in enhancing tensile property by preventing the movement of dislocations.

Flow equation and similarity criterion during centrifugal casting in micro-channel

Liquid metal filling flow process in the microscale during the centrifugal casting process was studied by means of similar physical simulation. The research was focused on derived similarity criterion. Based on the traditional flow equations, the flow equation and the Bernoulli＇s equation for liquid metal flows in micro-scale space were derived, which provides a mathematical model for numerical simulation of micro-scale flow. In the meanwhile, according to the micro-flow equation and the similarity theory, the similarity criterion for the physical simulation of the mold filling behaviors was presented under centrifugal force field, so as to achieve the visual observation and quantitative analysis of micro-flow process.

基于CFD的风暖浴霸多翼离心风机蜗壳结构优化

以某型号的风暖浴霸内部的多翼离心风机整体结构为研究对象,利用Fluent对原型风机进行了模拟分析和结构优化,结果显示模拟结果与实测误差在5%以内,验证了采用CFD数值模拟方法优化多翼离心风机的可靠性。在上述研究基础上,设计了不同蜗壳宽度与轴向尺寸的模拟优化和实验测试方案,根据数值模拟结果分析了各方案的风机内部流动和气动性能,确定了最优蜗壳宽度为84 mm和最优尺寸组合为顶部间隙3 mm、底部间隙11 mm。数值模拟结果表明优化后的风机内部流场的速度明显提升。测试结果显示优化后的风机在设计工况下出口风量提升5.88%、全压效率提升7.91%,综合性能有所提升,为同类浴霸的结构优化和性能评价提供了明确的方法。

CENTRIFUGAL TEST STUDY ON THE BEHAVIOR OF SOFT CLAY AT SEA BOTTOM UNDER THE ACTION OF WAVE FORCE

The importance of studying the behavior of the soil at the sea bottom under the action of wave force has arisen with the development of offshore engineering.In this paper,the behavior of the soft clay under the action of wave forces is studied by performing centrifugal tests.The soil profile and the wave characters were simulated in the centrifugal model cell according to the typical environmental conditions of the oil fields in the Bohai gulf.Test results show that the soft clay layer will be seriously softened near the upper surface under the maximum wave height and slightly affected in the deeper layer,and that no liquefaction was recorded in the silty sand sublayer during the test.It is proven that the centrifugal test is a valid technique for simulating the interaction between soil and wave.

Similar physical simulation of microflow in micro-channel by centrifugal casting process

By means of similar physical simulation, liquid metal filling flow pattern in the microscale during the centrifugal casting process was studied. It was found that, in microscale, the flow channel with the maximum cross-sectional area was filled first, and the micro flow channels with 0.1 mm in diameter were filled when the rotational speed was increased to 964 r/min. The total fluid energy remained constant during the mould filling, and the changes of cross-sectional area only occurred in the microflow channels with 0.3 mm in diameter. Filling velocity increased with processing time, and a peak value was achieved rapidly, followed by a gentle increase as the process proceeded further. The time required to achieve the peak filling rate decreased dramatically with increase of rotational speed.

液压油介质下常规离心泵有效增压供液的适应性分析

为了探明常规离心泵采用液压油介质的增压供液性能,首先搭建了常规离心泵油液适应性试验系统,获得油介质下离心泵的流量、压力等参数,并通过可视化油箱观测油液内气泡分布;然后通过PumpLinx建立了离心泵全空化仿真模型,对比分析了水和油介质下的空化特性;最后,从离心泵的抗气蚀性能角度对叶轮进行了优化设计。结果表明:离心泵发生明显空化现象的临界转速为1550 r/min;在3000 r/min运行时,离心泵在液压油介质下的扬程较水介质降低了64%;离心泵在液压油介质下空化程度更剧烈,空化区域主要分布在叶片压力面及叶片根部。优化后的离心泵旋转域气体体积分数降低了46%,对运用于高转速液压泵的吸油增压离心泵设计具有重要意义。

海上风电单桩基础小变位水平静力承载特性研究

针对海上风电桩径9m的超大直径单桩基础,采用离心模型试验与数值仿真相结合方法,研究砂土地基中不同锚固深度工况下单桩基础在小变位条件下的水平静力承载特性。结果表明,随锚固深度增加,桩身旋转中心逐渐下移,且桩身水平位移与倾角沿桩身分布的非线性趋势逐渐增强。不同锚固深度工况下桩侧p-y曲线间的差异随深度逐渐加大,在趋势上,p-y曲线随锚固深度增大由外凸型向内凹型转变;在量值上,同一深度处初始割线模量间可相差4倍。这一差异的原因在于,同一深度处桩体发生相同侧位移时,锚固更浅的桩体周围土体内部径向位移、环向位移的影响范围较小,土体应变较大,进而呈现较大的水平抗力。研究成果有助于深化对大直径单桩基础承载机制的认识,进而为桩体设计优化提供理论基础。