The shrinking Arctic sea-ice area(SIA) in recent decades is a striking manifestation of the ongoing climate change.Variations of the Arctic sea ice have been continuously observed by satellites since 1979, relatively ...The shrinking Arctic sea-ice area(SIA) in recent decades is a striking manifestation of the ongoing climate change.Variations of the Arctic sea ice have been continuously observed by satellites since 1979, relatively well monitored since the 1950s, but are highly uncertain in the earlier period due to a lack of observations. Several reconstructions of the historical gridded sea-ice concentration(SIC) data were recently presented based on synthesized regional sea-ice observations or by applying a hybrid model–empirical approach. Here, we present an SIC reconstruction for the period1901–2019 based on established co-variability between SIC and surface air temperature, sea surface temperature, and sea level pressure patterns. The reconstructed sea-ice data for March and September are compared to the frequently used Had ISST1.1 and SIBT1850 datasets. Our reconstruction shows a large decrease in SIA from the 1920 to 1940 concurrent with the Early 20th Century Warming event in the Arctic. Such a negative SIA anomaly is absent in Had ISST1.1 data. The amplitude of the SIA anomaly reaches about 0.8 mln km^(2) in March and 1.5 mln km^(2) in September. The anomaly is about three times stronger than that in the SIBT1850 dataset. The larger decrease in SIA in September is largely due to the stronger SIC reduction in the western sector of the Arctic Ocean in the 70°–80°N latitudinal zone. Our reconstruction provides gridded monthly data that can be used as boundary conditions for atmospheric reanalyses and model experiments to study the Arctic climate for the first half of the 20th century.展开更多
Language learning materials not only provide language input for learners but also subtly disseminate ideology and influence readers’behavior.This study,based on the framework of ecological discourse analysis,quantita...Language learning materials not only provide language input for learners but also subtly disseminate ideology and influence readers’behavior.This study,based on the framework of ecological discourse analysis,quantitatively analyzes and qualitatively describes the ecological significance of environmental texts in the 21st Century.The aim is to provide references for the compilation of environmental discourse in language learning materials,promote the construction of more ecologically beneficial discourse,and facilitate the widespread dissemination of the ecological philosophy of“Diversity and Harmony,Interaction and Co-existence”among young readers.The initial findings of this study are as follows:In the environmental texts of the publication,a large number of relational processes and action processes are used to objectively represent the natural environment;the discourse tends to be ambiguous and beneficial,generally aligning with the ecological philosophy of“Diversity and Harmony,Interaction and Co-existence.”This can guide readers to correctly understand and face environmental issues,which is conducive to the healthy development of natural ecosystems.展开更多
利用模型评价气候变化对草地生产力的影响,对草地的可持续利用及防灾减灾具有重要意义。本文选取新疆天山山区乌鲁木齐市牧业气象试验站、昭苏、巴里坤为代表站点,基于各站多年围封草地观测资料,对草地生态系统模型(CENTURY模型)进行适...利用模型评价气候变化对草地生产力的影响,对草地的可持续利用及防灾减灾具有重要意义。本文选取新疆天山山区乌鲁木齐市牧业气象试验站、昭苏、巴里坤为代表站点,基于各站多年围封草地观测资料,对草地生态系统模型(CENTURY模型)进行适用性分析。结果表明:CENTURY模型模拟的乌鲁木齐市牧业气象试验站、昭苏和巴里坤地上生物量模拟值与实测值呈显著相关(P<0.05),决定系数(R 2)分别为0.39,0.51,0.38,均方根误差(RMSE)分别为34.09,37.15,14.29 g C·m-2,CENTURY模型可以用于气候变化对新疆天山山区草地生产力的影响研究。基于验证后的模型对1961-2016年地上生物量模拟显示:巴里坤呈显著减少趋势、昭苏呈极显著增加趋势、乌鲁木齐市牧业气象试验站呈波动减少趋势,但差异不显著。展开更多
The status of a language as a lingua franca in the 21st century is not determined by its linguistic merits,or the number of people who speak the language,or a country's language policy,but the combined effect of p...The status of a language as a lingua franca in the 21st century is not determined by its linguistic merits,or the number of people who speak the language,or a country's language policy,but the combined effect of political,economic and cultural forces.English as a future lingua franca has three characteristics:the status of official language in several countries;a priority in countries' foreign-language teaching programme;being widely used all over the world.展开更多
基金partly supported by the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Agreement No.075-15-2021-577)the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No.23-47-00104)+2 种基金funded by the Research Council of Norway (Grant No.Combined 328935)the support of the Bjerknes Climate Prediction Unit with funding from the Trond Mohn Foundation (Grant No.BFS2018TMT01)the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.42261134532)。
文摘The shrinking Arctic sea-ice area(SIA) in recent decades is a striking manifestation of the ongoing climate change.Variations of the Arctic sea ice have been continuously observed by satellites since 1979, relatively well monitored since the 1950s, but are highly uncertain in the earlier period due to a lack of observations. Several reconstructions of the historical gridded sea-ice concentration(SIC) data were recently presented based on synthesized regional sea-ice observations or by applying a hybrid model–empirical approach. Here, we present an SIC reconstruction for the period1901–2019 based on established co-variability between SIC and surface air temperature, sea surface temperature, and sea level pressure patterns. The reconstructed sea-ice data for March and September are compared to the frequently used Had ISST1.1 and SIBT1850 datasets. Our reconstruction shows a large decrease in SIA from the 1920 to 1940 concurrent with the Early 20th Century Warming event in the Arctic. Such a negative SIA anomaly is absent in Had ISST1.1 data. The amplitude of the SIA anomaly reaches about 0.8 mln km^(2) in March and 1.5 mln km^(2) in September. The anomaly is about three times stronger than that in the SIBT1850 dataset. The larger decrease in SIA in September is largely due to the stronger SIC reduction in the western sector of the Arctic Ocean in the 70°–80°N latitudinal zone. Our reconstruction provides gridded monthly data that can be used as boundary conditions for atmospheric reanalyses and model experiments to study the Arctic climate for the first half of the 20th century.
文摘Language learning materials not only provide language input for learners but also subtly disseminate ideology and influence readers’behavior.This study,based on the framework of ecological discourse analysis,quantitatively analyzes and qualitatively describes the ecological significance of environmental texts in the 21st Century.The aim is to provide references for the compilation of environmental discourse in language learning materials,promote the construction of more ecologically beneficial discourse,and facilitate the widespread dissemination of the ecological philosophy of“Diversity and Harmony,Interaction and Co-existence”among young readers.The initial findings of this study are as follows:In the environmental texts of the publication,a large number of relational processes and action processes are used to objectively represent the natural environment;the discourse tends to be ambiguous and beneficial,generally aligning with the ecological philosophy of“Diversity and Harmony,Interaction and Co-existence.”This can guide readers to correctly understand and face environmental issues,which is conducive to the healthy development of natural ecosystems.
文摘利用模型评价气候变化对草地生产力的影响,对草地的可持续利用及防灾减灾具有重要意义。本文选取新疆天山山区乌鲁木齐市牧业气象试验站、昭苏、巴里坤为代表站点,基于各站多年围封草地观测资料,对草地生态系统模型(CENTURY模型)进行适用性分析。结果表明:CENTURY模型模拟的乌鲁木齐市牧业气象试验站、昭苏和巴里坤地上生物量模拟值与实测值呈显著相关(P<0.05),决定系数(R 2)分别为0.39,0.51,0.38,均方根误差(RMSE)分别为34.09,37.15,14.29 g C·m-2,CENTURY模型可以用于气候变化对新疆天山山区草地生产力的影响研究。基于验证后的模型对1961-2016年地上生物量模拟显示:巴里坤呈显著减少趋势、昭苏呈极显著增加趋势、乌鲁木齐市牧业气象试验站呈波动减少趋势,但差异不显著。
文摘The status of a language as a lingua franca in the 21st century is not determined by its linguistic merits,or the number of people who speak the language,or a country's language policy,but the combined effect of political,economic and cultural forces.English as a future lingua franca has three characteristics:the status of official language in several countries;a priority in countries' foreign-language teaching programme;being widely used all over the world.
