Heterodera filipjevi continues to be a major threat to wheat production worldwide.Rapid detection and quantification of cyst nematodes are essential for more effective control against this nematode disease.In the pres...Heterodera filipjevi continues to be a major threat to wheat production worldwide.Rapid detection and quantification of cyst nematodes are essential for more effective control against this nematode disease.In the present study,a TaqManminor groove binder(TaqMan-MGB)probe-based fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)was successfully developed and used for quantifying H.filipjevi from DNA extracts of soil.The primers and probe designed from the obtained RAPD-SCAR marker fragments of H.filipjevi showed high specificity to H.filipjevi using DNA from isolatesconfirmed species of 23 Heterodera spp.,1 Globodera spp.and 3 Pratylenchus spp.The qPCR assay is highly sensitive and provides improved H.filipjevi detection sensitivity of as low as 4^(-3) single second-stage juvenile(J2)DNAs,10^(-3) female DNAs,and 0.01μgμL^(-1) genomic DNAs.A standard curve relating to the threshold cycle and log values of nematode numbers was generated and validated from artificially infested soils and was used to quantify H.filipjevi in naturally infested field soils.There was a high correlation between the H.filipjevi numbers estimated from 32 naturally infested field soils by both conventional methods and the numbers quantified using the qPCR assay.qPCR potentially provides a useful platform for the efficient detection and quantification of H.filipjevi directly from field soils and to quantify this species directly from DNA extracts of field soils.展开更多
The cereal cyst nematode（CCN, Heteroder aavenae） causes serious yield loss on cereal crops, especially wheat, worldwide. Daxing population in Beijing City and Huangyuan population in Qinghai Province, China, are two...The cereal cyst nematode（CCN, Heteroder aavenae） causes serious yield loss on cereal crops, especially wheat, worldwide. Daxing population in Beijing City and Huangyuan population in Qinghai Province, China, are two CCN populations. In this study, the CCN pathotypes of Daxing and Huangyuan populations were characterized by tests on 23 standard ＂International Test Assortment＂ with the local species Wenmai 19 as the susceptible control. Tested materials were grouped by three nematode populations＇ virulence on resistant genes（Rha1, Rha2, Rha3, Cre1） and nonresistant genes, varieties and lines. Both Daxing and Huangyuan populations were avirulent to Ortolan（Ha1）. Barley cvs. Ortolan, Siri, Morocco, Bajo Aragon 1-1, and Martin 403-2 were all resistant to both populations. Cultivars Herta, Harlan 43 and wheat Iskamish-K-2-light were all susceptible to Huangyuan population, all of them, however, were resistant to Daxing population. The other five oats were all resistant to the two tested CCN populations. Except Iskamisch K-2-light, all the other wheat cultivars（Capa, Loros×Koga, AUS 10894, and Psathias） were susceptible to Daxing population. Because the pathotypes of the two tested CCN populations in Beijing and Qinghai were not identical to any of the 13 pathotypes previously characterized by the test assortment, we classified Daxing and Huangyuan populations as the new pathotypes, named Ha91.展开更多
Plant-parasitic nematodes are very common on cereal crops and cause economic losses via reduction in grain quality and quantity. During 2014, 83 soil samples were collected from wheat and barley fields in 21 districts...Plant-parasitic nematodes are very common on cereal crops and cause economic losses via reduction in grain quality and quantity. During 2014, 83 soil samples were collected from wheat and barley fields in 21 districts of 13 provinces across five regions （CentralAnatolia, Marmara, Aegean, SoutheastAnatolia, and Black Sea Region） of Turkey. Cyst-forming nematodes were found in 66 samples （80%）, and the internal transcribed spacer （ITS） sequencing and species-specific PCR identified the species in 64 samples as Heterodera filipjevi, Heterodera latipons, and Heterodera avenae. The predominant patho- genic cereal cyst nematode was H. filipjevi, which was found in all five regions surveyed. H. avenae was only detected in Southeast Anatolia whereas H. latipons was detected in Southeast Anatolia and Central Anatolia. ITS-rDNA phylogenetic analyses showed that H. avenae isolates from China clustered with H. australis, and Turkish isolates were closely related to European and USA isolates of this species. H. filipjevi from Turkey and China were clustered closely with those from the UK, Germany, Russia, and the USA. The density of many of these populations exceeded 6r approached the maximum threshold level for economic loss. To our knowledge, this is the first report of H. filipjevi in Diyarbakir, Edirne, and Kutahya provinces, and the first report of H. avenae in DiyarbakJr Province. These results exhibit the most rigorous analysis to date on the occurrence and distribution of Heterodera spp. in Turkey＇s major wheat-producing areas, thus providing a basis for more specific resistance breeding, as well as other management practices.展开更多
The cereal cyst nematodes(Heterodera avenae,Heterodera filipjevi,Heterodera latipons)are considered to be one of the most important plant parasitic nematodes attacking most cereals and can cause significant crop losse...The cereal cyst nematodes(Heterodera avenae,Heterodera filipjevi,Heterodera latipons)are considered to be one of the most important plant parasitic nematodes attacking most cereals and can cause significant crop losses(Sikora 1988).In China,H.filipjevi(Madzhidov 1981)Stelter,1984,was first reported from Henan province(peng et al.2010)and a few years later in Anhui province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(peng et al.2016,2018).In December 2017,a survey for cereal展开更多
Cereal cyst nematode（Heterodera avenae, CCN） distributes worldwide and has caused severe damage to cereal crops, and a model host will greatly aid in the study of this nematode. In this research, we assessed the sen...Cereal cyst nematode（Heterodera avenae, CCN） distributes worldwide and has caused severe damage to cereal crops, and a model host will greatly aid in the study of this nematode. In this research, we assessed the sensitivity of 25 inbred lines of Brachypodium distachyon to H. avenae from Beijing, China. All lines of B. distachyon were infested by secondstage juveniles（J2s） of H. avenae from Daxing District of Beijing population, but only 13 inbred lines reproduced 0.2–3 cysts/plant, showing resistance. The entire root system of the infested B. distachyon appeared smaller and the fibrous roots were shorter and less numerous. We found that a dose of 1 000 J2s of H. avenae was sufficient for nematode infestation. We showed that Koz-1 of B. distachyon could reproduce more cysts than TR2A line. Line Koz-1 also supported the complete life cycles of 5 CCN geographical populations belonging to the Ha1 or Ha3 pathotype group. Our results suggest that B. distachyon is a host for CCN.展开更多
禾谷孢囊线虫(CCN)是一种严重影响小麦产量的植物寄生线虫,在国内小麦主产区都有广泛分布,危害粮食安全。为了解关于CCN的研究发展现状,利用文献计量分析软件CiteSpace,对1993-2022年CNKI和Web of Science数据库中收录的该领域文献资料...禾谷孢囊线虫(CCN)是一种严重影响小麦产量的植物寄生线虫,在国内小麦主产区都有广泛分布,危害粮食安全。为了解关于CCN的研究发展现状,利用文献计量分析软件CiteSpace,对1993-2022年CNKI和Web of Science数据库中收录的该领域文献资料分别按照所属国家或地区、研究机构、作者与关键词等进行可视化分析。研究发现,1993-2010年处于CCN研究领域发展初期,中文文献发文量低于英文。从2011年开始,国内关于CCN的研究成果逐渐增多,中文文献发文量急剧增加。由国家合作网络与研究热度图谱分析发现,2016-2022年,中国该领域的研究成果在国际期刊的发文量持续增加,并以最高的发文总量在该领域贡献突出。研究主体力量分析表明,各国科研工作者之间存在多方合作,但关于CCN的研究领域未形成稳定的核心作者群。由该领域的关键词发展趋势和聚类分析认为,关于CCN的研究前沿已从过去的发生与鉴定、危害与防治,发展到了现在的挖掘植物优良抗性基因、研发高效生防菌剂等方向,关于CCN与宿主植物及土壤微生物互作的分子机制研究是该领域的研究热点。建议未来的研究考虑通过本土小麦远缘杂交来培育新抗性品种;挖掘“小麦-线虫-土壤微生物”的多重互作机制,利用多学科相互交叉的优势,开发非单一菌株的菌剂配方,以寻求更高效且绿色环保、可以广泛应用的线虫治理措施。展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972247)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ASTIP-2016-IPP-04)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest,China(201503114)。
文摘Heterodera filipjevi continues to be a major threat to wheat production worldwide.Rapid detection and quantification of cyst nematodes are essential for more effective control against this nematode disease.In the present study,a TaqManminor groove binder(TaqMan-MGB)probe-based fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)was successfully developed and used for quantifying H.filipjevi from DNA extracts of soil.The primers and probe designed from the obtained RAPD-SCAR marker fragments of H.filipjevi showed high specificity to H.filipjevi using DNA from isolatesconfirmed species of 23 Heterodera spp.,1 Globodera spp.and 3 Pratylenchus spp.The qPCR assay is highly sensitive and provides improved H.filipjevi detection sensitivity of as low as 4^(-3) single second-stage juvenile(J2)DNAs,10^(-3) female DNAs,and 0.01μgμL^(-1) genomic DNAs.A standard curve relating to the threshold cycle and log values of nematode numbers was generated and validated from artificially infested soils and was used to quantify H.filipjevi in naturally infested field soils.There was a high correlation between the H.filipjevi numbers estimated from 32 naturally infested field soils by both conventional methods and the numbers quantified using the qPCR assay.qPCR potentially provides a useful platform for the efficient detection and quantification of H.filipjevi directly from field soils and to quantify this species directly from DNA extracts of field soils.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31171827)the National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program,2013CB127502)
文摘The cereal cyst nematode（CCN, Heteroder aavenae） causes serious yield loss on cereal crops, especially wheat, worldwide. Daxing population in Beijing City and Huangyuan population in Qinghai Province, China, are two CCN populations. In this study, the CCN pathotypes of Daxing and Huangyuan populations were characterized by tests on 23 standard ＂International Test Assortment＂ with the local species Wenmai 19 as the susceptible control. Tested materials were grouped by three nematode populations＇ virulence on resistant genes（Rha1, Rha2, Rha3, Cre1） and nonresistant genes, varieties and lines. Both Daxing and Huangyuan populations were avirulent to Ortolan（Ha1）. Barley cvs. Ortolan, Siri, Morocco, Bajo Aragon 1-1, and Martin 403-2 were all resistant to both populations. Cultivars Herta, Harlan 43 and wheat Iskamish-K-2-light were all susceptible to Huangyuan population, all of them, however, were resistant to Daxing population. The other five oats were all resistant to the two tested CCN populations. Except Iskamisch K-2-light, all the other wheat cultivars（Capa, Loros×Koga, AUS 10894, and Psathias） were susceptible to Daxing population. Because the pathotypes of the two tested CCN populations in Beijing and Qinghai were not identical to any of the 13 pathotypes previously characterized by the test assortment, we classified Daxing and Huangyuan populations as the new pathotypes, named Ha91.
基金financially supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest,China(201503114 and 200903040)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2013CB127502)
文摘Plant-parasitic nematodes are very common on cereal crops and cause economic losses via reduction in grain quality and quantity. During 2014, 83 soil samples were collected from wheat and barley fields in 21 districts of 13 provinces across five regions （CentralAnatolia, Marmara, Aegean, SoutheastAnatolia, and Black Sea Region） of Turkey. Cyst-forming nematodes were found in 66 samples （80%）, and the internal transcribed spacer （ITS） sequencing and species-specific PCR identified the species in 64 samples as Heterodera filipjevi, Heterodera latipons, and Heterodera avenae. The predominant patho- genic cereal cyst nematode was H. filipjevi, which was found in all five regions surveyed. H. avenae was only detected in Southeast Anatolia whereas H. latipons was detected in Southeast Anatolia and Central Anatolia. ITS-rDNA phylogenetic analyses showed that H. avenae isolates from China clustered with H. australis, and Turkish isolates were closely related to European and USA isolates of this species. H. filipjevi from Turkey and China were clustered closely with those from the UK, Germany, Russia, and the USA. The density of many of these populations exceeded 6r approached the maximum threshold level for economic loss. To our knowledge, this is the first report of H. filipjevi in Diyarbakir, Edirne, and Kutahya provinces, and the first report of H. avenae in DiyarbakJr Province. These results exhibit the most rigorous analysis to date on the occurrence and distribution of Heterodera spp. in Turkey＇s major wheat-producing areas, thus providing a basis for more specific resistance breeding, as well as other management practices.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(31571988)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest,China(201503114)
文摘The cereal cyst nematodes(Heterodera avenae,Heterodera filipjevi,Heterodera latipons)are considered to be one of the most important plant parasitic nematodes attacking most cereals and can cause significant crop losses(Sikora 1988).In China,H.filipjevi(Madzhidov 1981)Stelter,1984,was first reported from Henan province(peng et al.2010)and a few years later in Anhui province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(peng et al.2016,2018).In December 2017,a survey for cereal
基金funded by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (2013CB127501)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest in China (201503114 and 200903040)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (SQ2017ZY060063-01)
文摘Cereal cyst nematode（Heterodera avenae, CCN） distributes worldwide and has caused severe damage to cereal crops, and a model host will greatly aid in the study of this nematode. In this research, we assessed the sensitivity of 25 inbred lines of Brachypodium distachyon to H. avenae from Beijing, China. All lines of B. distachyon were infested by secondstage juveniles（J2s） of H. avenae from Daxing District of Beijing population, but only 13 inbred lines reproduced 0.2–3 cysts/plant, showing resistance. The entire root system of the infested B. distachyon appeared smaller and the fibrous roots were shorter and less numerous. We found that a dose of 1 000 J2s of H. avenae was sufficient for nematode infestation. We showed that Koz-1 of B. distachyon could reproduce more cysts than TR2A line. Line Koz-1 also supported the complete life cycles of 5 CCN geographical populations belonging to the Ha1 or Ha3 pathotype group. Our results suggest that B. distachyon is a host for CCN.
文摘禾谷孢囊线虫(CCN)是一种严重影响小麦产量的植物寄生线虫,在国内小麦主产区都有广泛分布,危害粮食安全。为了解关于CCN的研究发展现状,利用文献计量分析软件CiteSpace,对1993-2022年CNKI和Web of Science数据库中收录的该领域文献资料分别按照所属国家或地区、研究机构、作者与关键词等进行可视化分析。研究发现,1993-2010年处于CCN研究领域发展初期,中文文献发文量低于英文。从2011年开始,国内关于CCN的研究成果逐渐增多,中文文献发文量急剧增加。由国家合作网络与研究热度图谱分析发现,2016-2022年,中国该领域的研究成果在国际期刊的发文量持续增加,并以最高的发文总量在该领域贡献突出。研究主体力量分析表明,各国科研工作者之间存在多方合作,但关于CCN的研究领域未形成稳定的核心作者群。由该领域的关键词发展趋势和聚类分析认为,关于CCN的研究前沿已从过去的发生与鉴定、危害与防治,发展到了现在的挖掘植物优良抗性基因、研发高效生防菌剂等方向,关于CCN与宿主植物及土壤微生物互作的分子机制研究是该领域的研究热点。建议未来的研究考虑通过本土小麦远缘杂交来培育新抗性品种;挖掘“小麦-线虫-土壤微生物”的多重互作机制,利用多学科相互交叉的优势,开发非单一菌株的菌剂配方,以寻求更高效且绿色环保、可以广泛应用的线虫治理措施。
