The dichotomized brain system is a concept that was generalized from the‘dual syndrome hypothesis’to explain the heterogeneity of cognitive impairment,in which anterior and posterior brain systems are independent bu...The dichotomized brain system is a concept that was generalized from the‘dual syndrome hypothesis’to explain the heterogeneity of cognitive impairment,in which anterior and posterior brain systems are independent but partially overlap.The dopaminergic system acts on the anterior brain and is responsible for executive function,working memory,and planning.In contrast,the cholinergic system acts on the posterior brain and is responsible for semantic fluency and visuospatial function.Evidence from dopaminergic/cholinergic imaging or functional neuroimaging has shed significant insight relating to the involvement of the cerebellum in the cognitive process of patients with Parkinson’s disease.Previous research has reported evidence that the cerebellum receives both dopaminergic and cholinergic projections.However,whether these two neurotransmitter systems are associated with cognitive function has yet to be fully elucidated.Furthermore,the precise role of the cerebellum in patients with Parkinson’s disease and cognitive impairment remains unclear.Therefore,in this review,we summarize the cerebellar dopaminergic and cholinergic projections and their relationships with cognition,as reported by previous studies,and investigated the role of the cerebellum in patients with Parkinson’s disease and cognitive impairment,as determined by functional neuroimaging.Our findings will help us to understand the role of the cerebellum in the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
Endometrial cancer(EC)is a malignant tumour that occurs in the epithelial cells of the endometrium and represents one of the most common malignancies involving the female reproductive system,with endometrioid adenocar...Endometrial cancer(EC)is a malignant tumour that occurs in the epithelial cells of the endometrium and represents one of the most common malignancies involving the female reproductive system,with endometrioid adenocarcinoma as the most common type.In recent years,with an increasingly aging society and the growing number of obese people,the incidence of EC is constantly rising,posing a serious threat to women’s health.Some studies have reported that the interruption of digestion and absorption caused by imbalance in intestinal microbiota may lead to conditions such as obesity,hypertension,diabetes,and hormone imbalance,which are all risk factors for EC.Meanwhile,intestinal bacteria produce a series of metabolites during colonization and reproduction,which can rapidly respond to changes in the microenvironment of the body.Changes in their types and quantities can serve as sensitive indicators of physiological and pathological changes in the body.Patients with EC often suffer from metabolic diseases,which can lead to metabolic disorders involving carbohydrates,fats,and amino acid in their bodies.展开更多
BACKGROUND:The mechanisms underlying heat stroke(HS)-induced hippocampal injury remain unclear.This study aimed to evaluate the HS-induced metabonomics of hippocampal and cerebellar transmitters.METHODS:The HS model w...BACKGROUND:The mechanisms underlying heat stroke(HS)-induced hippocampal injury remain unclear.This study aimed to evaluate the HS-induced metabonomics of hippocampal and cerebellar transmitters.METHODS:The HS model was established with male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to heat exposure of up to 42℃ at a humidity of(55.0±5.0)%.The hippocampal and cerebellar transmitters and metabolites of rats were tested via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).The primary transmitters and metabolites were identified by principal component analysis(PCA)and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA).The major metabolic pathways for HS were selected after enrichment.The brain injury was evaluated by histological tests.RESULTS:HS induced hippocampal and cerebellar injuries in rats.HS upregulated the protein levels of hippocampal glutamate,glutamine,gamma-aminobutyric acid,L-tryptophan(Trp),5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid,and kynurenine;however,it downregulated asparagine,tryptamine,5-hydroxytryptophan,melatonin,3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine(L-DOPA),and vanillylmandelic acid.HS also sharply elevated the protein levels of cerebellar methionine and Trp,and decreased the levels of serotonin,L-alanine,L-asparagine,L-aspartate,cysteine,norepinephrine,spermine,spermidine,and tyrosine.Hippocampal glutamate,monoamine transmitters,cerebellar aspartate acid,and catecholamine transmitters’metabolic pathways were identified as the main metablic pathways in HS.CONCLUSION:The hippocampus and cerebellum were injured in rats with HS,possibly induced the disorder of hippocampal glutamate and serotonin metabolism,cerebellar aspartate acid and catecholamine transmitter metabolism,and related metabolic pathways.展开更多
Kashin-Beck disease(KBD)is a chronic,endemic,degenerative osteoarthropathic condition that is predominantly found in China's Mainland.KBD is a progressive disease,and the signs and symptoms become more severe in a...Kashin-Beck disease(KBD)is a chronic,endemic,degenerative osteoarthropathic condition that is predominantly found in China's Mainland.KBD is a progressive disease,and the signs and symptoms become more severe in adulthood owing to the continuous development of lesions in the joint cartilage[1].Although childhood KBD has largely been controlled,adult KBD is an important health concern in rural regions.Unfortunately,in the last century,many adult KBD patients still remain during serious epidemics.展开更多
Numerous instances of poisoning caused by the ingestion of mushrooms are reported annually worldwide,with most mushroom poisoning deaths caused by the ingestion of toxic amanita fungi.Amatoxin is the main toxic compon...Numerous instances of poisoning caused by the ingestion of mushrooms are reported annually worldwide,with most mushroom poisoning deaths caused by the ingestion of toxic amanita fungi.Amatoxin is the main toxic component of amanita,andα-amanitin is one of the most potent toxins present in amatoxin[1].展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading neurodegenerative disorder globally.Despite this,there is minimal effective therapeutics proven to reduce or prevent the progression of this disease.Glutamate is the main excit...Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading neurodegenerative disorder globally.Despite this,there is minimal effective therapeutics proven to reduce or prevent the progression of this disease.Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter within the central nervous system and plays a crucial role in neuronal and synaptic functions.展开更多
Mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI)-induced post-traumatic headache(PTH)is a pressing public health concern and leading cause of disability worldwide.Although PTH is often accompanied by neurological disorders,the exact...Mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI)-induced post-traumatic headache(PTH)is a pressing public health concern and leading cause of disability worldwide.Although PTH is often accompanied by neurological disorders,the exact underlying mechanism remains largely unknown.Identifying potential biomarkers may prompt the diagnosis and development of effective treatments for mTBI-induced PTH.In this study,a mouse model of mTBI-induced PTH was established to investigate its effects on cerebral structure and function during short-term recovery.Results indicated that mice with mTBI-induced PTH exhibited balance deficits during the early post-injury stage.Metabolic kinetics revealed that variations in neurotransmitters were most prominent in the cerebellum,temporal lobe/cortex,and hippocampal regions during the early stages of PTH.Additionally,variations in brain functional activities and connectivity were further detected in the early stage of PTH,particularly in the cerebellum and temporal cortex,suggesting that these regions play central roles in the mechanism underlying PTH.Moreover,our results suggested that GABA and glutamate may serve as potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for PTH.Future studies should explore the specific neural circuits involved in the regulation of PTH by the cerebellum and temporal cortex,with these two regions potentially utilized as targets for non-invasive stimulation in future clinical treatment.展开更多
目的:系统评价经颅直流电刺激对帕金森患者运动功能的康复疗效,并比较经颅直流电刺激作用于不同靶点对帕金森患者运动功能的疗效差异,为临床中经颅直流电刺激的靶点选择提供理论依据。方法:计算机检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of ...目的:系统评价经颅直流电刺激对帕金森患者运动功能的康复疗效,并比较经颅直流电刺激作用于不同靶点对帕金森患者运动功能的疗效差异,为临床中经颅直流电刺激的靶点选择提供理论依据。方法:计算机检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、维普和万方数据库,以“帕金森、经颅直流电刺激”为中文检索词,以“Parkinson,transcranial direct current stimulation”为英文检索词,收集从各数据库建库至2023年1月发表的关于经颅直流电刺激改善帕金森患者运动功能的随机对照试验。使用Cochrane 5.1.0偏倚风险评估工具和PEDro量表对纳入研究进行质量评价。采用RevMan 5.4和Stata 17.0软件对结局指标进行Meta分析。结果:①最终纳入15项随机对照试验,PEDro量表评估显示均为高质量或极高质量研究。②Meta分析显示,与对照组相比经颅直流电刺激可显著提高UPDRS-Ⅲ评分(MD=-2.49,95%CI:-4.42至-0.55,P<0.05)、步频评分(MD=0.07,95%CI:0.03-0.11,P<0.05)和步速评分(MD=0.02,95%CI:0.00-0.05,P<0.05),但对BBS评分(MD=2.57,95%CI:-0.74-5.87,P>0.05)的提高不明显。③网状Meta分析概率排序结果显示,在UPDRS-Ⅲ评分方面,刺激靶点疗效的概率排序结果为背外侧前额叶皮质(52.4%)>初级皮质运动区(45.8%)>大脑中央点(1.8%)>常规康复治疗(0%);在步频评分方面,刺激靶点疗效的概率排序结果为小脑(50.1%)>大脑中央点(45.8%)>背外侧前额叶皮质(3.9%)>初级皮质运动区(0.2%)>常规康复治疗(0%);在步速评分方面,刺激靶点疗效的概率排序结果为小脑(64.8%)>背外侧前额叶皮质(23.8%)>大脑中央点(9.4%)>初级皮质运动区(1.7%)>常规康复治疗(0.4%);在BBS评分方面,刺激靶点疗效的概率排序结果为:小脑(77.4%)>背外侧前额叶皮质(20.7%)>大脑中央点(0.7%)>常规康复治疗(0.2%)。结论:经颅直流电刺激可显著改善帕金森患者运动功能,其中刺激背外侧前额叶皮质区域对改善帕金森患者运动协调方面疗效更佳,而刺激小脑区域对改善帕金森患者步行和平衡方面疗效更佳。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82071419Key Research and Development Program of Guangzhou,No.202206010086+1 种基金High-level Hospital Construction Project,No.DFJH201907Supporting Research Funds for Outstanding Young Medical Talents in Guangdong Province,No.KJ012019442(all to YZ)。
文摘The dichotomized brain system is a concept that was generalized from the‘dual syndrome hypothesis’to explain the heterogeneity of cognitive impairment,in which anterior and posterior brain systems are independent but partially overlap.The dopaminergic system acts on the anterior brain and is responsible for executive function,working memory,and planning.In contrast,the cholinergic system acts on the posterior brain and is responsible for semantic fluency and visuospatial function.Evidence from dopaminergic/cholinergic imaging or functional neuroimaging has shed significant insight relating to the involvement of the cerebellum in the cognitive process of patients with Parkinson’s disease.Previous research has reported evidence that the cerebellum receives both dopaminergic and cholinergic projections.However,whether these two neurotransmitter systems are associated with cognitive function has yet to be fully elucidated.Furthermore,the precise role of the cerebellum in patients with Parkinson’s disease and cognitive impairment remains unclear.Therefore,in this review,we summarize the cerebellar dopaminergic and cholinergic projections and their relationships with cognition,as reported by previous studies,and investigated the role of the cerebellum in patients with Parkinson’s disease and cognitive impairment,as determined by functional neuroimaging.Our findings will help us to understand the role of the cerebellum in the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease.
基金funded by the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(Grant number 202103021224394).
文摘Endometrial cancer(EC)is a malignant tumour that occurs in the epithelial cells of the endometrium and represents one of the most common malignancies involving the female reproductive system,with endometrioid adenocarcinoma as the most common type.In recent years,with an increasingly aging society and the growing number of obese people,the incidence of EC is constantly rising,posing a serious threat to women’s health.Some studies have reported that the interruption of digestion and absorption caused by imbalance in intestinal microbiota may lead to conditions such as obesity,hypertension,diabetes,and hormone imbalance,which are all risk factors for EC.Meanwhile,intestinal bacteria produce a series of metabolites during colonization and reproduction,which can rapidly respond to changes in the microenvironment of the body.Changes in their types and quantities can serve as sensitive indicators of physiological and pathological changes in the body.Patients with EC often suffer from metabolic diseases,which can lead to metabolic disorders involving carbohydrates,fats,and amino acid in their bodies.
基金supported by the grants from Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LGF19H150004)Zhejiang Provincial Medical Science and Technology project(2022RC258)。
文摘BACKGROUND:The mechanisms underlying heat stroke(HS)-induced hippocampal injury remain unclear.This study aimed to evaluate the HS-induced metabonomics of hippocampal and cerebellar transmitters.METHODS:The HS model was established with male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to heat exposure of up to 42℃ at a humidity of(55.0±5.0)%.The hippocampal and cerebellar transmitters and metabolites of rats were tested via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).The primary transmitters and metabolites were identified by principal component analysis(PCA)and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA).The major metabolic pathways for HS were selected after enrichment.The brain injury was evaluated by histological tests.RESULTS:HS induced hippocampal and cerebellar injuries in rats.HS upregulated the protein levels of hippocampal glutamate,glutamine,gamma-aminobutyric acid,L-tryptophan(Trp),5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid,and kynurenine;however,it downregulated asparagine,tryptamine,5-hydroxytryptophan,melatonin,3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine(L-DOPA),and vanillylmandelic acid.HS also sharply elevated the protein levels of cerebellar methionine and Trp,and decreased the levels of serotonin,L-alanine,L-asparagine,L-aspartate,cysteine,norepinephrine,spermine,spermidine,and tyrosine.Hippocampal glutamate,monoamine transmitters,cerebellar aspartate acid,and catecholamine transmitters’metabolic pathways were identified as the main metablic pathways in HS.CONCLUSION:The hippocampus and cerebellum were injured in rats with HS,possibly induced the disorder of hippocampal glutamate and serotonin metabolism,cerebellar aspartate acid and catecholamine transmitter metabolism,and related metabolic pathways.
基金supported by basic research projects of Qinghai province[2017-ZJ-770]projects of Qinghai province health and family planning commission[2017-wjzdx-38]+1 种基金the 2020"Kunlun TalentsHigh-tech Innovation and Entrepreneurial Talents"project to cultivate leading talents of Qinghai province。
文摘Kashin-Beck disease(KBD)is a chronic,endemic,degenerative osteoarthropathic condition that is predominantly found in China's Mainland.KBD is a progressive disease,and the signs and symptoms become more severe in adulthood owing to the continuous development of lesions in the joint cartilage[1].Although childhood KBD has largely been controlled,adult KBD is an important health concern in rural regions.Unfortunately,in the last century,many adult KBD patients still remain during serious epidemics.
基金financially supported by Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Support Program[No.Qiankehe[2021]496]Science and Technology Fund of Guizhou Health Commission[No.gzwkj2021-407]+1 种基金National Major Research Project[No.2017YFC1601805]Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Support Program[No.Qiankehe[2017]2972]。
文摘Numerous instances of poisoning caused by the ingestion of mushrooms are reported annually worldwide,with most mushroom poisoning deaths caused by the ingestion of toxic amanita fungi.Amatoxin is the main toxic component of amanita,andα-amanitin is one of the most potent toxins present in amatoxin[1].
文摘Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading neurodegenerative disorder globally.Despite this,there is minimal effective therapeutics proven to reduce or prevent the progression of this disease.Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter within the central nervous system and plays a crucial role in neuronal and synaptic functions.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2021A1515010897)Discipline Construction Fund of Central People’s Hospital of Zhanjiang(2020A01,2020A02)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970973,21921004,32271148)Biosecurity Research Project(23SWAQ24)。
文摘Mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI)-induced post-traumatic headache(PTH)is a pressing public health concern and leading cause of disability worldwide.Although PTH is often accompanied by neurological disorders,the exact underlying mechanism remains largely unknown.Identifying potential biomarkers may prompt the diagnosis and development of effective treatments for mTBI-induced PTH.In this study,a mouse model of mTBI-induced PTH was established to investigate its effects on cerebral structure and function during short-term recovery.Results indicated that mice with mTBI-induced PTH exhibited balance deficits during the early post-injury stage.Metabolic kinetics revealed that variations in neurotransmitters were most prominent in the cerebellum,temporal lobe/cortex,and hippocampal regions during the early stages of PTH.Additionally,variations in brain functional activities and connectivity were further detected in the early stage of PTH,particularly in the cerebellum and temporal cortex,suggesting that these regions play central roles in the mechanism underlying PTH.Moreover,our results suggested that GABA and glutamate may serve as potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for PTH.Future studies should explore the specific neural circuits involved in the regulation of PTH by the cerebellum and temporal cortex,with these two regions potentially utilized as targets for non-invasive stimulation in future clinical treatment.
文摘目的:系统评价经颅直流电刺激对帕金森患者运动功能的康复疗效,并比较经颅直流电刺激作用于不同靶点对帕金森患者运动功能的疗效差异,为临床中经颅直流电刺激的靶点选择提供理论依据。方法:计算机检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、维普和万方数据库,以“帕金森、经颅直流电刺激”为中文检索词,以“Parkinson,transcranial direct current stimulation”为英文检索词,收集从各数据库建库至2023年1月发表的关于经颅直流电刺激改善帕金森患者运动功能的随机对照试验。使用Cochrane 5.1.0偏倚风险评估工具和PEDro量表对纳入研究进行质量评价。采用RevMan 5.4和Stata 17.0软件对结局指标进行Meta分析。结果:①最终纳入15项随机对照试验,PEDro量表评估显示均为高质量或极高质量研究。②Meta分析显示,与对照组相比经颅直流电刺激可显著提高UPDRS-Ⅲ评分(MD=-2.49,95%CI:-4.42至-0.55,P<0.05)、步频评分(MD=0.07,95%CI:0.03-0.11,P<0.05)和步速评分(MD=0.02,95%CI:0.00-0.05,P<0.05),但对BBS评分(MD=2.57,95%CI:-0.74-5.87,P>0.05)的提高不明显。③网状Meta分析概率排序结果显示,在UPDRS-Ⅲ评分方面,刺激靶点疗效的概率排序结果为背外侧前额叶皮质(52.4%)>初级皮质运动区(45.8%)>大脑中央点(1.8%)>常规康复治疗(0%);在步频评分方面,刺激靶点疗效的概率排序结果为小脑(50.1%)>大脑中央点(45.8%)>背外侧前额叶皮质(3.9%)>初级皮质运动区(0.2%)>常规康复治疗(0%);在步速评分方面,刺激靶点疗效的概率排序结果为小脑(64.8%)>背外侧前额叶皮质(23.8%)>大脑中央点(9.4%)>初级皮质运动区(1.7%)>常规康复治疗(0.4%);在BBS评分方面,刺激靶点疗效的概率排序结果为:小脑(77.4%)>背外侧前额叶皮质(20.7%)>大脑中央点(0.7%)>常规康复治疗(0.2%)。结论:经颅直流电刺激可显著改善帕金森患者运动功能,其中刺激背外侧前额叶皮质区域对改善帕金森患者运动协调方面疗效更佳,而刺激小脑区域对改善帕金森患者步行和平衡方面疗效更佳。
