Stem cell transplantation in cerebrovascular accidents:A global bibliometric analysis(2000-2023)

BACKGROUND Cerebrovascular accident(CVA)is a major global contributor to death and disability.As part of its medical management,researchers have recognized the importance of promising neuroprotective strategies,where stem cell transplantation(SCT)is thought to confer advantages via trophic and neuroprotective effects.AIM To evaluate the current state of research on SCT in patients with CVA,assess key trends and highlight literature gaps.METHODS PubMed was screened for SCT in CVA-related articles in October 2023,for each country during the period between 2000 and 2023.Using the World Bank data,total population and gross domestic product were collected for comparison.VOSviewer_1.6.19 was used to create the VOS figure using the results of the same query.Graphs and tables were obtained using Microsoft Office Excel.RESULTS A total of 6923 studies were identified on SCT in CVA,making 0.03%of all published studies worldwide.Approximately,68%were conducted in high-income countries,with a significant focus on mesenchymal stem cells.The journal“Stroke”featured the largest share of these articles,with mesenchymal SCT having the highest rate of inclusion,followed by hematopoietic SCT.Over time,there has been a noticeable shift from in vitro studies,which assess stem cell proliferation and neurogenesis,to in vivo studies aimed at evaluating efficacy and safety.Additionally,the number of reviews increased along this approach.CONCLUSION This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive guide for physicians and researchers in the field through an objective overview of research activity,and highlights both current trends and gaps.Having a potential therapeutic role in CVA,more research is needed in the future to focus on different aspects of SCT,aiming to reach a better treatment strategy and improve life quality in patients.

Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident): Epidemiological, Clinical and Evolving Aspects in the Internal Medicine Department of the Public Health Establishment 1 (EPS1) of Tivaouane

Introduction: The frequency, severity, cost of treatment, morbidity and mortality of stroke make it a real public health problem. In industrialized countries, strokes are the leading cause of physical disability in adults, the second leading cause of dementia (after Alzheimer’s disease), and the third leading cause of death (after cancer and cardiovascular disease). It’s also a major cause of depression. The objective of our study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary aspects of stroke in the internal medicine department of Tivaouane Hospital. Material and Method: This is a retrospective study carried out from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018 on the files of patients hospitalized for stroke in the medical department of the EPS1 in Tivaouane. We took into account all the patients who had a brain CT (computed tomography) scan. We collected data related to socio-demographic characteristics, history, risk factors, reasons for admission, clinical signs, paraclinical examinations, as well as evolution. Results: Out of 1999 patients, 206 files of patients with stroke were collected, i.e. a proportion of 10.3%. Our study population had a mean age of 65.53 years [16 - 97 years]. We noted a clear predominance of women (50.5%). The majority of the population came from the outskirts of Tivaouane (56.7%). Risk factors for stroke were dominated by hypertension (90.3%), dyslipidemia (19.4%), previous stroke (18.9%), and diabetes (16%). The clinical signs were dominated by a motor deficit (94.1%), speech disorders (67.4%) and consciousness disorders (47%). Ischemic strokes were predominant (65%) over hemorrhagic strokes (34.5%). The outcome was generally unfavorable with 14.6% total recovery, 58.7% recovery with sequelae and a case fatality of 26.7%. Conclusion: It emerges from this study that strokes still remain a real public health problem. Knowledge of populations of risk factors as well as their proper management is fundamental in primary prevention strategies, the only guarantee for a reduction in the still very high morbidity and mortality of this disease.

Medical Direct Cost of Hospital Admission for Cerebrovascular Accident on Medical Recovery at the Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital of Lomé

Objectives: Appreciate the Medical direct cost for cerebrovascular accident on medical recovery at the Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital of Lomé. Patients and method: This was a prospective and cross study that took place from 01st October 2015 to 31st July 2016 in the medical recovery Unit of Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital of Lomé. Results: Of the 91 stroke patients surveyed, the average age was 55.1 years;the sex-ratio (Men/women) was 1.3 and only 8.8% of patients had benefited from INAM (National Institute of Health Insurance) granting of benefits. The proportion of ICVA was 73.6% compared to 26.4% for the MCVA. The average overall cost of granting benefits of a CVA patient was 312,245 FCFA for an average stay of 18.6 days. This cost was 399.115 FCFA in MCVA for an average stay of 19.0 days against 281.130 FCFA in ICVA for an average stay of 16.1 days. Conclusion: CVAs on the one hand inflict losses of national productivity by its handicap, and a heavy economic burden for both patients and their families on the other hand, by its high cost of granting of benefits;Hence there is the need for assistance of all kinds by national and international health actors.

RESEARCH ON SEQUELAE OF CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT TREATED BY THREE DIFFERENT NEEDLING TECHNIQUES

One hundred and sixty cases of sequelae of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) wererandomly divided into three groups: The temporal point group (TG), 58 cases; the scalp acupuncturegroup(SG), 52 cases; the body acupuncture group(BG), 50 cases. It was shown that after 30 treat-ments the curative effects were significantly different (P【0. 01) among the three groups. The effectin TG was better than those in SG and BG. There was no difference in curative effects between SGand BG. It is indicated that all the three needling techniques can improve encephalic blood flow in pa-tients. It seems that the effects of the three needling techniques are as follows: TG】SG】BG.

Predictors of a Cerebrovascular Accident in a Population of Systemic Sclerosis Patients Followed at a Large Academic Center with a Dedicated Scleroderma Center

Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with a diagnosis of systemic sclerosis who later suffer a stroke and to identify associations for this relationship. Background: Prior studies have showed an increased risk of cardiovascular disease among patients with chronic inflammatory disorders, with chronic inflammation leading to atherosclerosis believed to be the culprit. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by diffuse fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Previous studies have suggested a possible link between systemic sclerosis and macrovascular complications such as stroke. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of patients treated within the University of Pennsylvania Health System from October 2015 to April 2019 with a diagnosis of SSc. Using ICD10 codes, we identified a cohort of SSc patients who suffered a stroke. Information regarding demographics and stroke risk factors were gathered from the charts of patients with a diagnosis of both SSc plus stroke and compared to a control group of randomly selected patients with SSc who never suffered a stroke. Continuous variables were conveyed using a mean plus a standard deviation. A two-sample t-test was used to compare the two groups of patients. Qualitative variables were compared using a two-tailed Fisher’s exact test. Results: Based on a large cohort of SSc patients (n = 2080) followed between October 2015 and April 2019, we identified 36 SSc patients who developed a subsequent stroke (1.7% of cohort). When looking at risk factors for stroke in SSc patients, we identified hypertension and atrial fibrillation to be associated with the diagnosis of stroke in such patients. Specifically, 28 of the 36 patients with both SSc and stroke also had a diagnosis of hypertension while in the control group, only 17 of 36 patients had hypertension. Atrial fibrillation was seen in 9 of 36 patients with both SSc and CVA while it was seen in only 2 of 36 patients in the control group. Conclusions: This case control study demonstrated that the presence of hypertension and atrial fibrillation had a statistically significant association with the diagnosis of CVA in patients with SSc.

Acupuncture combined with Buyang Huanwu decoction in the treatment of sequelae of cerebrovascular accident:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Cerebrovascular accident has high morbidity,high disability,and high mortality,possibly causing several serious sequelae and bringing a heavy burden to the patient,the family,and the society.Buyang Huanwu decoction,a classic ancient prescription of traditional Chinese medicine,and acupuncture are often used in combination to treat the sequelae of cerebrovascular accident.In the present study,we systematically evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with Buyang Huanwu decoction in treating the sequelae of cerebrovascular accident.Methods:Relevant randomized controlled trials of acupuncture combined with Buyang Huanwu decoction in treating the sequelae of cerebrovascular accident were comprehensively retrieved from electronic databases from inception to May 8,2020,including PubMed,Embase,The Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,WanFang Data,and China Science and Technology Journal Database.The main outcomes of clinical efficacy,degree of nerve function impairment,daily self-care capacity,Fugl-Meyer locomotor function score,life quality score,and occurrence of adverse reactions were subjected to meta-analysis.Results:The 28 randomized controlled trials included 2,341 patients with the sequelae of cerebrovascular accident.Systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that compared with acupuncture alone,its combined treatment with Buyang Huanwu decoction significantly increased clinical efficacy(RR=1.19,95%CI(1.14,1.23),P<0.001),improved nerve function impairment(WMD=−4.89,95%CI(−8.25,−1.53),P=0.004),promoted daily self-care capacity(WMD=15.87,95%CI(11.22,20.51),P<0.001),strengthened Fugl-Meyer locomotor function(WMD=20.89,95%CI(13.79,27.98),P<0.001),enhanced physical functioning(WMD=16.99,95%CI(6.01,27.96),P<0.001)and mental health(WMD=16.91,95%CI(9.14,24.69),P<0.001)in terms of life quality score(SF-36 scale)of patients with sequelae of cerebrovascular accident,with few adverse reactions.Conclusion:Compared with acupuncture alone,its combination with Buyang Huanwu decoction had better comprehensive effects on sequelae of cerebrovascular accident without obvious adverse reactions.

Traumatic Brain Injury and Cerebral Vascular Accident: Application of Rasch Analysis to Examine Differences in Disability and Outcome in Post-Hospital Rehabilitation

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate an application of Rasch analysis to identify differences in disability profiles resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI) and cerebral vascular accident (CVA) and to examine outcome differences between the two groups following post-hospital residential rehabilitation. Participant data were collected from 32 facilities in 16 states. From 2990 neurologically impaired individuals with consecutive admissions from 2011 through 2017, 874 met inclusion criteria: TBI (n = 687) or CVA (n = 187), 18 years or older, minimum length of stay of one month, and maximum chronicity of 1 year. Participants were evaluated at admission and discharge on the Mayo Portland Adaptability Inventory-Version 4 (MPAI-4). Rasch analysis was performed to establish item reliability, construct validity and item difficulty. A Repeated Measures Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (RM MANCOVA) determined group differences and improvement from admission and discharge. Rasch Analysis demonstrated satisfactory construct validity and internal consistency (Person reliability > 0.90, Item reliability > 0.98 for admission and discharge MPAI-4s). Both groups showed significant improvement on the MPAI-4 (p 0.0005). The TBI group was more impaired on the adjustment scale at both admission and discharge (p 0.001). Rasch analysis identified two distinct impairment patterns. CVA participants exhibited deficits characteristic of focal impairment while the TBI group presented with deficits reflective of diffuse impairment. Rehabilitation was shown to be beneficial in reducing disability following neurologic injury in both groups. Importantly, Rasch Analysis accurately produced unique disability profiles that differentiated the treatment groups. This unique statistical technique offers a promising prescriptive hierarchical model for guiding neurological rehabilitation treatment.

鼻肠管及鼻胃管的营养干预护理对脑血管意外患者发生吸入性肺炎并发症及睡眠质量的影响

目的:探讨研究脑血管意外患者用鼻肠管营养干预效果。方法:选取2021年4月至2022年4月厦门大学附属第一医院神经内科收治的脑血管意外患者100例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组50例。2组患者均予以常规护理,对照组给予常规鼻胃管营养干预,观察组给予鼻肠管营养干预。比较2组患者的吸入性肺炎发生率、睡眠质量评分及营养状况。结果:观察组吸入性肺炎发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组入睡潜伏期、PSQI评分低于对照组,实际睡眠时长高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组血红蛋白(Hb)、血清白蛋白(Alb)、血清总蛋白(TP)均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:鼻肠管营养干预护理可降低脑血管意外患者吸入性肺炎发生率,改善患者睡眠质量及营养状况,值得临床推广应用。

脑卒中患病影响因素的研究现状

随着脑卒中的发病率逐年升高,给社会、家庭和患者带来了巨大的痛苦、经济压力和社会负担,因而加强其疾病因素的分类、研究和预警,对降低发病率和死亡率具有重要意义。因此,本文从不可控因素(年龄、性别、遗传、环境等)、疾病因素(高血压、糖尿病、高血脂、冠心病、偏头痛等)、个人因素(生活习惯、心理因素、睡眠因素等)、其他因素等方面对脑卒中发病的影响因素进行综述,以期为脑卒中的预防、治疗和护理提供依据。

Information-motivation-behavioral guided nursing for stroke patients with pulmonary dysfunction:A randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND Patients with stroke frequently experience pulmonary dysfunction.AIM To explore the effects of information-motivation-behavioral(IMB)skills modelbased nursing care on pulmonary function,blood gas indices,complication rates,and quality of life(QoL)in stroke patients with pulmonary dysfunction.METHODS We conducted a controlled study involving 120 stroke patients with pulmonary dysfunction.The control group received routine care,whereas the intervention group received IMB-model-based nursing care.Various parameters including pulmonary function,blood gas indices,complication rates,and QoL were assessed before and after the intervention.RESULTS Baseline data of the control and intervention groups were comparable.Post-intervention,the IMB model-based care group showed significant improvements in pulmonary function indicators,forced expiratory volume in 1 sec,forced vital capacity,and peak expiratory flow compared with the control group.Blood gas indices,such as arterial oxygen pressure and arterial oxygen saturation,increased significantly,and arterial carbon dioxide partial.pressure decreased significantly in the IMB model-based care group compared with the control group.The intervention group also had a lower complication rate(6.67%vs 23.33%)and higher QoL scores across all domains than the control group.CONCLUSION IMB model-based nursing care significantly enhanced pulmonary function,improved blood gas indices,reduced complication rates,and improved the QoL of stroke patients with pulmonary dysfunction.Further research is needed to validate these results and to assess the long-term efficacy and broader applicability of the model.

经食管超声心动图建立卵圆孔未闭致病风险因素模型

目的分析致病性卵圆孔未闭(PFO)的危险因素并构建风险评估模型,为制订临床护理方案提供依据。方法回顾性分析2022年7月至2023年7月徐州医科大学附属连云港医院收治的110例PFO患者临床资料,根据是否发生隐匿性脑血管意外(CVA)分为CVA组42例和非CVA组68例。收集患者临床资料及经食管超声心动图评估参数,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析PFO患者发生CVA的危险因素并建立风险预测模型,通过绘制ROC曲线评价模型的预测效能。结果CVA组和非CVA组在高血压病、高脂血症、房间隔膨出瘤、房间隔高移动性发生率以及甘油三酯、半胱氨酸、PFO高度、PFO隧道长度等指标的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。以是否发生CVA作为因变量,将单因素分析中有统计学意义的指标作为自变量进行多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示,高脂血症、PFO高度、房间隔膨出瘤、房间隔高移动性是PFO患者发生CVA的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。根据多因素分析结果,建立CVA风险预测模型为:Logit(P)=-2.613+1.442×高脂血症+2.610×PFO高度+1.194×房间隔膨出瘤+1.309×房间隔高移动性,模型中变量的意义分别为:高脂血症(0=无,1=是),PFO高度为实际测量值,房间隔膨出瘤(0=无,1=是),房间隔高移动性(0=无,1=是)。Hosmer-Lemeshow检验的P>0.05,说明预测模型的预测值与实际值差异无统计学意义,模型拟合优度较好。以CVA预测概率作为检验变量进行ROC分析,结果显示该预测模型的曲线下面积为0.866(95%CI:0.787~0.923,P<0.01),最佳临界值为0.635,特异性为77.9%,敏感性为81.0%,约登指数为0.589。结论基于危险因素建立的风险预测模型能预测PFO发生CVA风险,可成为医护人员评估有PFO致病风险的工具,有利于护理人员制订个体化的护理决策。

Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (ACPO): An Expanding Colon with Unusual Risk Factors

The distention of the colon without mechanical or anatomical obstruction, Acute Colonic Pseudo-obstruction (ACPO), is a common condition occurring in the critically ill. ACPO in the setting of an acute pulmonary embolism and embolic stroke is a rarity. A 76-year-old female with shortness of breath, left hemiparesis and right-sided paresthesias presented with acute pulmonary embolism and acute infarcts of the left caudate nucleus, thalamus and occipital lobe. Her hospitalization was complicated with persistent distention of the large bowel without dilation of the small bowel. Empiric antibiotics were initiated without improvement and laboratory studies including Clostridium difficile were negative. She underwent nasogastric decompression and two decompressive colonoscopies with a resolution of her symptoms. This case illustrates an example of acute abdominal distension, without underlying etiology, in the setting of acute embolism of the pulmonary and cerebral vasculature. Early identification and action with decompressive colonoscopy were key to preventing further bowel damage or rupture.

综合性康复疗法治疗脑血管意外偏瘫的临床疗效评价

目的分析脑血管意外偏瘫患者使用综合性康复疗法的临床疗效。方法方便选择宁津县人民医院于2021年8月—2023年6月收治的106例脑血管意外偏瘫患者作为研究对象,以随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,每组53例。对照组采用常规康复疗法,观察组采用综合性康复疗法,对比两组临床疗效、肢体运动功能评分、日常生活能力评分、神经功能缺损程度评分。结果治疗后,观察组临床总疗效(94.34%)高于对照组(79.25%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.267,P<0.05);观察组肢体运动功能评分、日常生活能力评分、神经功能缺损程度评分均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论综合性康复疗法对于提升脑血管意外偏瘫的临床疗效具有重要作用,且可以提升患者肢体运动功能、日常生活能力,改善神经功能缺损问题。

细节干预联合优质护理对脑血管意外后遗症患者生活质量、负面情绪的影响

目的探讨针对脑血管意外后遗症患者,采用细节干预联合优质护理的效果。方法抽取2021年5月—2023年5月江苏省无锡市康复医院收治的80例脑血管意外后遗症患者作为研究对象,依据随机数表法将其分为干预组和对照组,各40例,其中对照组给予常规护理干预措施,干预组给予细节干预+优质护理干预,采用焦虑(SAS)和抑郁(SDS)自评量表评价患者的心理状态,采用SF-36量表评估患者治疗后的生活质量,比较两组患者护理满意度。结果护理前两组患者的SAS、SDS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),护理干预后两组患者的SAS、SDS评分均降低,且干预组的SAS、SDS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理前两组患者的生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、活力评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后两组患者的生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、活力评分均降低,且干预组的以上维度评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预组护理满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论脑血管依赖后遗症,在治疗过程中联合细节干预、优质护理,可显著提高治疗的效果,帮助病人减轻负面情绪,提高生活水平,应用价值显著。

侧卧位直接前路全髋关节置换治疗伴有偏瘫的股骨颈骨折的近期疗效观察

目的观察侧卧位直接前路(direct anterior approach,DAA)人工全髋关节置换手术治疗脑血管意外患者偏瘫侧股骨颈骨折的近期疗效。方法回顾性分析亳州市人民医院骨科2018年1月—2020年8月收治的因脑血管意外而致偏瘫侧肢体发生股骨颈骨折的患者57例,按入院后不同治疗分为DAA组和后外侧入路组。DAA组29例采用侧卧位DAA人工全髋关节置换手术治疗,男性15例,女性14例;年龄57~70岁,平均68.3岁;道路交通伤9例,摔伤15例,高处坠落伤5例。后外侧入路组28例采用常规后外侧入路人工全髋关节置换手术,男性14例,女性14例;年龄63~69岁,平均66.6岁;道路交通伤9例,摔伤14例,高处坠落伤5例。观察记录两组患者伤口长度、手术时间、术中失血量、住院时间,术后3、7d疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS),术前及术后1、3、6、16个月随访时髋关节功能评分、手术并发症等,评定侧卧位DAA入路髋关节置换对偏瘫侧肢体股骨颈骨折治疗的安全性和有效性。结果患者均顺利完成手术,DAA组较后外侧入路组切口长度短[(9.32±2.23)cm vs.(11.1±2.43)cm]、手术时间长[(79.3±8.9)min vs.(72.2±8.7)min]、术中出血量少[(181.6±34.2)mL vs.(211.3±42.2)mL]、住院天数少[(7.3±1.3)d vs.(8.9±1.5)d],比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后3、7d两组VAS比较差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.357,P=0.018;Z=-2.576,P=0.010)。患者均门诊随访8~16个月,DAA组患者术后1、3个月随访髋关节评分显著优于后外侧入路组(P<0.05),但术后6、16个月两组数据差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。DAA组2例患者伤口渗液,其余伤口正常愈合;所有患者正常活动均无脱位,无深部组织及假体感染。后外侧入路组患者1例术后2个月假体感染,4例患者术后3个月内活动时脱位。末次随访两组患者X线片未见假体松动现象。结论侧卧位DAA全髋关节置换手术治疗因脑血管意外致偏瘫侧肢体股骨颈骨折创伤小,住院时间短,术后恢复快,值得临床推广应用。

卵巢癌并发急性缺血性脑卒中患者的急救护理

总结1例卵巢癌患者并发急性缺血性脑卒中的护理体会。针对患者脑卒中症状不典型、需短时间明确诊断和启动溶栓治疗等问题,护士及时启动快速反应团队、主导多学科合作;溶栓期间加强出血风险监测及管理;新辅助化疗期间重点防范梗死;进行分阶段康复训练,促进肢体康复。经过精心护理,顺利出院。后续及时、足量完成化疗择期行手术治疗,随访3个月,患者状况良好。

Characteristics and risk factors of cerebrovascular accidents after percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with history of stroke

Background Percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） is a well-established method for managing coronary diseases. However, the increasing use of PCI has led to an increased incidence of acute cerebrovascular accidents （CVA） related to PCI. In this study, we investigated the characteristics and risk factors of CVA after PCI in patients with known stroke history. Methods Between January 1, 2005 and March 1, 2009, 621 patients with a history of stroke underwent a total of 665 PCI procedures and were included in this retrospective study. Demographic and clinical characteristics, previous medications, procedures, neurologic deficits, location of lesion and in-hospital clinical outcomes of patients who developed a CVA after the cardiac catheterization laboratory visit and before discharge were reviewed. Results Acute CVA was diagnosed in 53 （8.5%） patients during the operation or the perioperative period. Seventeen patients suffered from transient ischemic attack, thirty-four patients suffered from cerebral infarction and two patients suffered from cerebral hemorrhage. The risk factors for CVA after PCI in stroke patients were： admission with an acute coronary syndrome, use of an intra-aortic balloon pump, urgent or emergency procedures, diabetes mellitus, and poor left ventricular systolic function, arterial fibrillation, previous myocardial infarction, dyslipidemia, tobacco use, and no/irregular use of anti-platelet medications. Conclusions The incidence of CVA during and after PCI in patients with history of stroke is much higher than that in patients without history of stroke. Patients with atrial fibrillation, previous myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, tobacco use, and no or irregular use of anti-platelet medications were at higher risk for recurrent stroke. This study showed a strong association between acute coronary svndromes and in-hospital stroke after PCI.

脑血管意外56例尸检临床病理分析

目的 了解脑血管意外中各种死亡原因所占的比例。方法 回顾性分析脑血管意外56例尸检报告,并对其死亡原因进行分类、统计和分析。结果 脑血管意外56例尸检报告中,直接死因主要包含脑出血和脑梗死两大类,其中脑出血37例(66%),脑梗死19例(34%);出现脑血管意外的疾病因素有8类,分别为高血压11例(20%),脑血管畸形9例(16%),血液病及凝血障碍7例(13%),脑先天性动脉瘤6例(11%),脑肿瘤6例(11%),脑栓塞9例(16%),脑血栓形成6例(11%),动脉粥样硬化有关的血管破裂2例(4%)。结论 脑血管意外中脑出血发病多于脑梗死,脑出血多因死者出现高血压性或血管畸形破裂所导致;脑梗死中脑栓塞多于脑血栓的形成,同时脑血管畸形多于先天性动脉瘤。

老年药物性低血糖临床误诊分析

目的 探讨老年药物性低血糖的临床特点及误诊原因、防范措施。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月—2022年3月收治的曾误诊的老年药物性低血糖11例的临床资料。结果 本组年龄60~74岁;糖尿病病程2~18年;有高血压病史7例,脑梗死病史和冠心病史各2例。7例以不同程度意识障碍就诊,有单侧肢体活动不利,2例CT检查发现陈旧性脑梗死灶,初步诊断为急性脑血管意外;4例以心悸、胸闷、乏力、多汗就诊,1例伴心前区疼痛,心电图检查示ST段压低,一~二度房室传导阻滞,初步诊断为冠心病。误诊时间2~4 h。11例经综合分析病史及血糖检测结果等,均确诊为药物性低血糖,给予葡萄糖注射液等治疗症状逐渐好转并消失,随访2个月无复发。结论 老年药物性低血糖患者交感神经兴奋症状较轻微,易误诊为心脑血管疾病。提高基层医院接诊医生对药物性低血糖的重视,仔细询问降糖药物使用史、平时血糖控制情况及发病前饮食情况,及早行血糖检测,有利于避免药物性低血糖误诊。

优质急诊护理在脑血管意外患者中的应用效果

目的分析优质急诊护理在脑血管意外患者中的应用效果。方法选取2019年1月至2021年7月在急诊就诊的92例脑血管意外患者,将其随机分为对照组和观察组,各46例。对照组给予常规急诊护理,观察组给予优质急诊护理。比较两组的干预效果。结果观察组的等待救治时间、达计算机断层扫描(CT)室时间短于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的抢救成功率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后3 d,观察组的格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分高于对照组,美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后1个月,观察组的Barthel指数评分高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后1个月,观察组的Fugl-Meyer量表各维度评分高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论优质急诊护理用于脑血管意外患者中可提高急救质量,改善意识状态及神经功能,提高日常生活能力,值得临床推广和应用。