The Role of Certificates and Labels for Cocoa in the Face of Climate Change: A Scientific Review

Climate change threatens cocoa quality, raising concerns regarding sustainable premium cocoa production. Evaluating the effectiveness of certification standards is imperative to address this concern effectively. A multi-stage method was employed for a systematic review of 39 peer-reviewed articles to highlight the impacts of climate change on the biophysical environment of cocoa and its implications for adapting Geographical Indications (GIs). Additionally, a comprehensive review was conducted on climate-relevant standards of certificates in Ecuador, Indonesia, and Ghana. The findings of this study provide practical insights into possible difficulties that cocoa-producing countries may encounter in maintaining the distinctive flavours and quality trademarks of cocoa in the face of changing climate. Moreover, the findings emphasize the need for producer countries to prioritize viable adaptation and product differentiation strategies that meet sustainable marketing standards to protect GIs or place-based intellectual property. Furthermore, the findings indicate certificates require effective multi-level climate change management and environmental-social-governance principles that promote scientifically proven mitigation strategies, such as increasing soil organic carbon, zero deforestation, and reducing emissions while striving to leverage local adaptation policies to reduce location-specific vulnerability. Finally, certificates can accelerate the expansion, intensification, and redistribution of sustainable production for gains that outweigh the inconveniences caused by climate change.

The Model of“Post,Course,Competition,Certificate”Integrated Education for Electronic Information Engineering Technology Major in Higher Vocational Colleges

The core education function of higher vocational colleges is to train technical talents with high quality,so as to meet the needs of talents in the development stage of our society.Under the guidance of talent training,higher vocational colleges need to pay attention to establishing an all-round and three-dimensional education model,and promote innovation of higher vocational education on the basis of this.It is also a way to promote the innovation of higher vocational education to vigorously promote the construction of“post,course,competition,certificate”mode in the construction of education mode.Through the construction of“post,course,competition,certificate”mode,the education mode of higher vocational colleges is gradually improved,so as to strengthen the effectiveness of talent training in higher vocational colleges.Therefore,in this paper,the author puts forward some suggestions to promote the construction of the integrated education mode of the electronic information engineering technology major in higher vocational colleges,so as to help improve the talent training level of higher vocational colleges.

Discussion on the Integration of“Post,Course,Competition,Certificate”:Taking the Internet of Things Application Technology Courses in Higher Vocational Colleges as an Example

This article explores the development of the Internet of Things(IoT)application technology course in higher vocational colleges under the background of“post,course,competition,certificate.”It first emphasizes the importance of IoT talent training and course construction in higher vocational colleges and deeply analyzes the core concept of“post,course,competition,certificate”integration.In view of the problems faced in the course construction of IoT application technology in higher vocational colleges and the practical experience of Tianjin Vocational College of Mechanics and Electricity,the implementation strategy of the course construction of IoT application technology in higher vocational colleges is elaborated in detail based on the integrated concept of“post,course,competition,certificate.”

Evolutionary game-based optimization of green certificate-carbon emission right-electricity joint market for thermal-wind-photovoltaic power system

With the increasing proportion of renewable energy in the power market,the demands on government financial subsidies are gradually increasing.Thus,a joint green certificate-carbon emission right-electricity multi-market trading process is proposed to study the market-based strategy for renewable energy.Considering the commodity characteristics of green certificates and carbon emission rights,the dynamic cost models of green certificates and carbon rights are constructed based on the Rubinstein game and ladder pricing models.Furthermore,considering the irrational bidding behavior of energy suppliers in the actual electricity market,an evolutionary game based multi-market bidding optimization model is presented.Subsequently,it is solved using a composite differential evolutionary algorithm.Finally,the case study results reveal that the proposed model can increase profits and the consumption rate of renewable energy and reduce carbon emission.

Connotation and Construction of "1+X" Certificate System in Higher Vocational Colleges : Taking Hetian Vocational and Technical College as an Example

This paper emphatically sums up the problems existing in the implementation of"1+X"certificate system by taking horticulture major in higher vocational colleges as an example.From the point of view of the improvement of"1+X"certificate system,the reform of talent training program,the improvement of teachers ability and summing up experience,this paper puts forward the updated working mode and ideas to provide strategies for accelerating the development of vocational education in southern Xinjiang.

Certrust:An SDN-Based Framework for the Trust of Certificates against Crossfire Attacks in IoT Scenarios

The low-intensity attack flows used by Crossfire attacks are hard to distinguish from legitimate flows.Traditional methods to identify the malicious flows in Crossfire attacks are rerouting,which is based on statistics.In these existing mechanisms,the identification of malicious flows depends on the IP address.However,the IP address is easy to be changed by attacks.Comparedwith the IP address,the certificate ismore challenging to be tampered with or forged.Moreover,the traffic trend in the network is towards encryption.The certificates are popularly utilized by IoT devices for authentication in encryption protocols.DTLShps proposed a new way to verify certificates for resource-constrained IoT devices by using the SDN controller.Based on DTLShps,the SDN controller can collect statistics on certificates.In this paper,we proposeCertrust,a framework based on the trust of certificates,tomitigate the Crossfire attack by using SDN for IoT.Our goal is threefold.First,the trust model is built based on the Bayesian trust system with the statistics on the participation of certificates in each Crossfire attack.Moreover,the forgetting curve is utilized instead of the traditional decay method in the Bayesian trust system for achieving a moderate decay rate.Second,for detecting the Crossfire attack accurately,a method based on graph connectivity is proposed.Third,several trust-based routing principles are proposed tomitigate the Crossfire attack.These principles can also encourage users to use certificates in communication.The performance evaluation shows that Certrust is more effective in mitigating the Crossfire attack than the traditional rerouting schemes.Moreover,our trust model has a more appropriate decay rate than the traditional methods.

Deletion and Recovery Scheme of Electronic Health Records Based onMedical Certificate Blockchain

The trusted sharing of Electronic Health Records(EHRs)can realize the efficient use of medical data resources.Generally speaking,EHRs are widely used in blockchain-based medical data platforms.EHRs are valuable private assets of patients,and the ownership belongs to patients.While recent research has shown that patients can freely and effectively delete the EHRs stored in hospitals,it does not address the challenge of record sharing when patients revisit doctors.In order to solve this problem,this paper proposes a deletion and recovery scheme of EHRs based on Medical Certificate Blockchain.This paper uses cross-chain technology to connect the Medical Certificate Blockchain and the Hospital Blockchain to real-ize the recovery of deleted EHRs.At the same time,this paper uses the Medical Certificate Blockchain and the InterPlanetary File System(IPFS)to store Personal Health Records,which are generated by patients visiting different medical institutions.In addition,this paper also combines digital watermarking technology to ensure the authenticity of the restored electronic medical records.Under the combined effect of blockchain technology and digital watermarking,our proposal will not be affected by any other rights throughout the process.System analysis and security analysis illustrate the completeness and feasibility of the scheme.

A cooperative model of photovoltaic and electricity-to-hydrogen including green certificate trading under the conditional value at risk

Cooperation in energy systems is no longer limited to the distribution of electricity,and more attention is paid to the trading of green certificates(GCs).This paper proposed a cooperative method for photovoltaic(PV)and electric-to-hydrogen(EH)trading,including GC trading under risk management.First,a novel PV and EH model is established and the cooperation mechanism is analyzed.Meanwhile,PV and EH models were risk-controlled using the conditional value at risk to reduce the impact of the uncertainty of PV electricity and EH loads.Then,the PV-EH cooperative model was established based on cooperative game theory;this was then divided into two subproblems of“cooperative benefit maximization”and“transaction payment negotiation,”and the above two subproblems were solved distributively by alternating direction multiplier method(ADMM).Only energy transactions and price negotiations were conducted between the PV and EH,which can protect the privacy and confidentiality of each entity.Finally,the effectiveness of the cooperation model was verified using a practical engineering case.The simulation results show that the cooperation of the PV-EH can significantly improve the operational efficiency of each entity and the overall efficiency of the cooperation and realize the efficient redistribution of electricity and GC.

Blockchain-Based Certificate Authentication System with Enabling Correction

Blockchain has proven to be an emerging technology in the digital world, changing the way everyone thinks about data security and bringing efficiency to several industries. It has already been applied to a wide range of applications, from financial services and supply chain management to voting systems and identity verification. An organization must verify its candidates before selecting them. Choosing an unqualified candidate can ruin an organization’s reputation. In this paper, a blockchain-based academic certificate authentication system will be used to ensure authenticity and make the assertion of the decentralized system secure. However, the system will generate, authenticate and make corrections on academic certificates. Ultimately, some blockchain-based authentication systems already exist, they can’t correct any errors that occur during generation. A blockchain-based certificate authentication system was built using blockchain technology. Where admin could generate, authenticate and correct the certificate if necessary. The admin can also check how many times a certificate has been modified. Other users can only check the authenticity of the certificates. We’re using two blockchains to enable corrections. Blockchain technology can successfully implement a certificate authentication system. This system will eliminate doubts about the authenticity of certificates, provide fast responses, and ensure reliable and secure storage. The proposed system will help in many ways, such as providing a user-friendly university admission, and smooth job hiring process, etc. In conclusion, our proposed system can permanently eradicate certificate forgeries and create and promote trust in society.

Countermeasures of“Post-Course Competition Certificate”Mode to Promote Innovation and Reform of BIM Course in Vocational Colleges

The model of“post-course competition certificate”can be the basic model of Building Information Modeling(BIM)course teaching in vocational colleges in the new era,and many vocational colleges have also made attempts to construct and apply this model in BIM courses and other professional courses.Based on the application of methods such as literature review and observation,it can be found that it is highly feasible in theory and practice to promote the innovation and reform of BIM curriculum based on this model.However,there are more influencing factors at the practical level,which can easily lead to some problems.In this paper,we will analyze the corresponding problems and put forward a more effective reform strategy of BIM course education innovation in combination with reality.

职业资格证书制度服务技能型社会建设:历史脉络、内在逻辑与实践理路

技能型社会建设是产业结构转型背景下提高社会整体技能质量水平的战略举措。社会的技能供给与需求两端的匹配关系决定着技能型社会建设的整体效果。职业资格证书制度在协调技能供需关系的过程中扮演着重要角色。梳理职业资格证书制度的发展历史,发现职业资格证书制度主要经历了技能供需高度匹配、偏向失配、走向适配三大阶段,分别对应的是工人技术等级考核制度、“双证书”制度、1+X证书制度三大形态。职业资格证书制度通过提升职教毕业生的就业质量、评价技能拥有者的技能水平、保障职教毕业生的职业生涯、为技能利益相关者带来好处等逻辑路径服务技能型社会建设。应从适当设计职业资格证书制度的建设思路、使职业资格证书制度与技能型社会建设融于一体两方面着手,深入推进职业资格证书制度对技能型社会建设的服务实践。

“岗课赛证”融合育人模式探索与实践——以《无人机技术》为例

为紧跟职业技能人才发展需求,提高人才培养质量,以无人机技术为例,从职业岗位出发,将技能竞赛和证书的考核要求融入教学内容,基于“岗课赛证”四位一体化教学改革,设计了典型工作模块,并从课程设计、教学实施与成效、教学反思与改进方面进行探索与实践,突出虚实结合,强调德技双修,课堂教学采用“三段-八步”模式展开,注重过程考核,实现以赛证促学、促教,教学效果良好,以期能为相关专业课程开展“岗课赛证”教学改革提供参考。

工程教育认证背景下冶金工程专业课程教学持续化改革与实践

在工程教育专业认证背景下,针对内蒙古科技大学冶金工程专业开展持续化教学改革。通过培养方案修订、具体课程考核与评价方式重新合理设置等措施以满足工程教育认证持续改进工作的要求。同时,以钢铁冶金工艺学课程为例阐释持续改进后的课程综合评价分析具体过程,以保证更优地完成课程目标达成工作及教学培养学生过程中的良好改进。

“双碳”目标下基于系统动力学的发电行业碳减排政策研究

能源结构转型和碳减排政策是实现“双碳”目标的重要举措。本研究旨在探讨“双碳”背景下发电行业碳减排政策与市场交易机制的耦合作用。通过研究绿色证书市场交易机制、碳排放市场交易机制与电力市场机制间的耦合协同效应,考虑了价格影响市场间机制、能源结构分析和技术创新等因素,建立系统动力学模型并进行多情景仿真,研究不同政策组合对市场均衡及电力行业碳减排的影响。通过对模型的敏感性分析,评估了各种政策措施对系统行为的潜在影响,对政策体系的作用机理及其协同机制进行分析,明确不同政策间可能存在的冗余激励和效应冲抵等现象。研究得出:有效的碳减排政策组合使得未来十年火电装机占比下降至45%,可再生能源占比突破50%与传统能源持平甚至超过传统能源。建议碳减排政策的成功实施需要综合考虑市场监管、激励机制、技术创新等多方面因素。

岗课赛证融通导向下的微生物学检验课程教学实践

推进岗课赛证综合育人,成为职业院校深化“三教”改革、提高人才培养质量的重要抓手。课程团队积极开展岗课赛证融通的微生物学检验课程教学实践,对接岗位任务,重构教学框架;以赛促课,提升学生职业综合素质;以证融课,优化教学资源,以学生为中心开展混合式教学;在教学过程中贯穿课程思政,使学生德技并修;强化全过程多维度评价。实践表明,岗课赛证融通导向下的微生物学检验教学能有效提高学生学习参与度和学习成效,值得推广应用。

岗课赛证融通的模块化课程体系研究实践——以物联网应用技术专业群为例

岗课赛证融通是职业教育类型化的一个核心特征,是“三教”改革的一种全新育人模式。文章分析了岗课赛证的融通机制及融通模式下的物联网专业群课程体系新要求,提出了基于“基础共享、中层分立、高层拓展”课程体系设计思想的“1+X+Y”专业群模块化课程体系架构,并以物联网应用技术专业群为例,分析了物联网应用技术专业群与产业链的逻辑关系,构建了岗课赛证融通的“1+X+Y”专业群模块化课程体系,课程体系具有“对接产业要素、满足核心岗位需求、达成应用能力培养”的三型递进关系;并从多师协作的教学团队构建、课程资源开发、网络课程教学平台搭建及教学组织实施四个方面来阐述专业群模块化教学实施途径。

老年初治肺结核中医证型与细胞因子及免疫表达的相关性分析

目的 观察老年初治肺结核患者血清中细胞因子及TB淋巴细胞亚群的表达水平,探究中医证型与细胞因子、TB淋巴细胞表达之间的关系。方法 纳入2016年5月至2021年12月解放军总医院第八医学中心结核医学部收治的初治老年肺结核病患者322例作为研究对象,根据辨证分型分为肺阴亏虚组78例、阴虚火旺组83例、气阴两虚组79例、阴阳两虚组82例。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清中γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-5、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、IL-17、IL-4、IL-10等细胞因子的表达水平,流式细胞仪测定TB淋巴细胞亚群中CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、B细胞、NK细胞的绝对数及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)T细胞比值,并将测定结果进行统计学分析。结果 四组肺结核患者IL-β、IL-5、IL-2、IL-17、IL-4、IL-10水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。气阴两虚组IFN-γ水平显著高于其他三组(P<0.05);阴阳两虚组TNF-α水平显著高于其他三组(P<0.05);阴阳两虚组、气阴两虚组、阴虚火旺组、肺阴亏虚组的IL-6水平依次降低(P<0.05);阴阳两虚组IL-8水平显著高于其他三组,气阴两虚组高于肺阴亏虚组、阴虚火旺组(P<0.05)。CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、B细胞、NK细胞绝对数在阴阳两虚组、气阴两虚组、阴虚火旺组、肺阴亏虚组依次降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。阴阳两虚组CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)T细胞比值显著高于其他三组,肺阴亏虚组、阴虚火旺组、气阴两虚组组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 不同证型的老年肺结核病患者细胞因子及免疫细胞表达存在差异性,可作为中医辨证论治的客观参考标准之一,为临床辨证治疗提供一定参考。

高质量发展视域下师范专业认证的价值创新与功能提升

师范专业认证是以教师培养质量提升为旨归的国家顶层制度设计,是党和国家教师队伍建设方针政策落地的重要抓手,是蕴含师范教育价值功能的教育评估举措。随着师范专业认证工作走向深入和教育高质量发展新引擎的启动,影响师范专业建设和发展的一些深层次问题需要理性面对并引起足够重视。师范专业认证既要面向教育实践又要在实践中发展,既要立足现实又要回应时代之需,主动融纳新时代新思想、新要求,完善自身功能和内在质量,在动态实施中传递更充分更高强的能量,不断提升认证品质、体现价值创新,进一步发挥破解瓶颈问题、引导内涵发展、推进咨询服务、完善监控督促的综合功能。

考虑绿色氢能证书和水电制氢的综合能源系统优化运行

利用清洁能源发电富余电力电解水制氢,绿色氢能实现了生产源头的二氧化碳零排放,在全球能源转型中扮演着重要角色。针对绿色氢能证书市场机制不健全等问题,该文提出一种考虑绿色氢能证书组合双向拍卖和水电制氢的综合能源系统优化运行方法。首先,为解决园区内绿色氢能证书价格和数量匹配不均衡的问题,提出绿色氢能证书组合双向拍卖(combinatorial double auction,CDA)交易机制竞价模型;其次,建立含水电制氢的综合能源系统优化模型,并将绿色氢能证书组合双向拍卖机制引入其中;最后,以某省含水电制氢的综合能源系统为例进行仿真分析,结果表明所提模型不仅能有效提高综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)的运行经济性,也能提升可再生能源的消纳量。

行贿犯罪案件的司法证明问题——对《刑法修正案(十二)》的证据法思考

《刑法修正案(十二)》体现了“受贿行贿一起查”的精神,但是行贿犯罪案件的无被害人犯罪、无可勘验的犯罪现场和大多数案件无目击证人的“三无”特点,决定了行贿案件的司法证明面临较大难题:一对一证据、主要依靠言词证据定案、非法证据较难排除、司法证明错误难以被检验、受贿案件的事实认定对行贿案件具有较强的证明力等五个方面。缓解证明困难,主要从11个方面进行论述:一是注重收集《刑法修正案(十二)》规定的行贿犯罪“从重”处罚的证据;二是利用认罪认罚提供的制度空间,对行贿人进行激励,换取其认罪认罚;三是注重收集客观化证据;四是对“再生证据”的创造和运用;五是注意录像固定言词证据;六是关键证人应当出庭作证,其证言内容须接受法庭检验;七是行贿人和受贿人均予否认情况下的事实认定问题;八是行贿人与受贿人供述不一致情况下的事实认定问题;九是行贿人翻供的事实认定问题;十是对行贿犯罪案件不能适用推定降低证明标准,受贿案件证明中运用的是推理而非推定;十一是经验法则在行贿案件证明中的运用问题。