Psychological Factors Are Closely Associated with the Bell's Palsy: A Case-control Study

To observe the differences in psychological status between Bell’s palsy (BP) patients and healthy subjects, and to examine the relationship between psychological factors and the severity of BP, we conducted a case-control, multi-center clinical investigation. A total of 695 subjects were assigned to the case group (n=355) and the control group (n=340). House–Brackmann grading system and Facial Disability Index (FDI) were adopted to assess the BP patients; Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) and 16 Personality Factor (16PF) scale were employed to evaluate the psychological distress and personality profiles of all subjects. Two independent samples t test was used to compare the differences between cases and controls, and to compare the differences among different BP patients. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between psychological factors and severity of facial paralysis. The results showed that psychological distress (K10) in case group (27.09±5.80) was significantly higher than that in control group (13.43±3.02) (t=–37.219, P=0.000). The scores of personality factor Warmth (A), Openness to Change (Q1), Self-Reliance (Q2) were lower in cases than in the controls (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.05, respectively), whereas the scores of Sensitivity (I), Vigilance (L), Apprehension (O), and Tension (Q4) were significantly higher in cases than in the controls (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.01, respectively). In addition, the psychological distress was significantly higher in female patients, severe (HB score Ⅳ–Ⅵ) patients, and subacute (onset time 72–168 h) patients compared with that in male patients, mild (HB score Ⅰ–Ⅲ)patients, and acute (onset time≤72 h) patients (P<0.05). The scores of personality factor in female patients, severe patients, and subacute patients were also significantly different from male patients, mild patients, and acute patients (P<0.05). The result of Pearson correlation analysis showed that psychological factors (K10, personality A, F, L, N, O, Q4) were closely related to HB scores. We are led to conclude that the psychological status between BP patients and healthy people are different; psychological distress and personality factors are closely associated with severity of facial paralysis.

Needle Sensation and Personality Factors Influence Therapeutic Effect of Acupuncture for Treating Bell＇s Palsy： A Secondary Analysis of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Background： It has not been solved what kind of needle sensation might influence outcomes of acupuncture treatment. Effects of personality factors on the therapeutic effect of acupuncture have not been investigated. This study aimed to find the effects of the traits of personality on the objective outcome when different acupuncture techniques were used in treating patients with Bell＇s palsy. Methods： We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for Bell＇s palsy. Patients were randomly assigned to the de qi and control groups, respectively. The primary outcome was facial nerve function at month 6. The intensity of each needle sensation was rated by a visual analog scale. Psychosocial thctors were assessed by the pretreatment mediator questionnaire： 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire （16PF） was used tbr assessing personality factors and digit cancellation test for assessing attention. Results： After 6 months, patients in the de qi group had better facial function （adjusted odds ratio [OR]： 4.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]： 2.23-7.78）. Path analysis showed that intensity of needle sensation of fullness had direct effect on House-Brackmann （HB） score at month 6. In de qi group, the low HB score on day I （OR： 0.13, 95% （_7： 0.03-0.45） and the low Social Boldness score （OR： 0.63, 95% CI： 0.41-0.97） in 16PF were associated with better facial function. In control group, low HB score on day 1 （OR： 0.25, 95% CI： 0.13-0.50）, low Vigilance score （OR： 0.66, 95% CI： 0.50-0.88）, and high Tension score （OR： 1.41,95% CI： 1.12 1.77） in 16PF were related to better facial function. Conclusions： The needle sensation of fullness could predict better facial function and personality traits might influence outcomes of acupuncture treatment. Both of them should be considered seriously in acupuncture treatment and research.

The Analysis of the Causes of Willy’s Death in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman

Death of a Salesman is a classic tragic work in contemporary America.It discusses some social factors in Willy Loman’s death,such as the influence of the American Dream and the Great Depression.It also makes a detailed study on the flaws in the character of Willy Loman,some of which contribute to his own death,such as his misguided social values and his twisted relationship with his family.The paper aims at a further study on Willy Loman’s death and to put forward the author’s view on various causes of his death.Then it concludes that Willy’s death is the result of American society and his own character defect.

门诊病人个人因素对其满意度影响探析

目的探索门诊病人满意度的影响因素。方法以山东、河北、天津、东北三省一年内就诊过的人员为调查对象,采用问卷调查的方法,以面访的形式回收问卷195份,有效问卷134份。采用独立样本检验、单因素方差分析、相关分析和回归分析对数据进行了分析。结果发现门诊病人的性别对其满意度影响不显著,患者所处的年龄段和学历对就诊满意度有显著性影响,随着年龄的增长和学历的升高,病人综合满意度有升高的趋势。

彼得·德鲁克创新能力研究

陈述了彼得·德鲁克生平简介和管理研究成就,然后分别基于不同模型,如卡特尔人格因素评定模型,框架式管理结构创新模型对德鲁克创新能力实施前提及其思想特色进行了深入研究。在研究中,坚持“前提”与“特色”一体化的论证思路,坚持理论与事例相结合的论证方法,客观地论证了彼得·德鲁克创新能力实施的可能性和必然性。最后针对创新能力的形成与实现机理为企业提出一些可行性指导与设想。

某部3583名新兵的人格特征及数字搜索能力调查分析

目的：了解某部队入伍新兵的人格特征及数字搜索能力，为进一步的心理健康服务提供指导。方法采用卡特尔16种人格因素问卷（16PF）及数字搜索能力测验对某部3583名入伍新兵进行测查，将测查结果与全军士兵常模进行比较并分析与数字搜索能力的相关性。结果新兵16PF主要因素中乐群性、聪慧性、稳定性、恃强性、兴奋性、有恒性、敢为性、世故性、实验性、自律性和次级因素中内向与外向型、感情用事与安详机警型、心理健康、专业成就个性及新环境成长能力得分高于常模（ P〈0.01）；主要因素中敏感性、怀疑性、幻想性、忧虑性、独立性、紧张性和次级因素中适应与焦虑型、怯懦与果断型及创造能力个性得分低于常模（ P 〈0.01）。数字搜索测验得分与16PF 聪慧性、稳定性、恃强性、兴奋性、有恒性、敢为性和自律性得分呈正相关（P〈0.05，P〈0.01）；与怀疑性、世故性、忧虑性和紧张性得分呈负相关（P〈0.01）。结论该部队新兵具有相对健全、良好的人格特征，数字搜索能力测验与人格测验结果间的相关关系微弱。

教师因素、学生因素对学生学业成绩影响的实证研究——基于大规模测验数据的多层线性模型分析

运用北京市义务教育阶段三年级学生大规模学业测验数据,对影响学生学业成绩的教师因素、学生因素进行分析。多层线性模型分析结果表明:学生学业成绩具有显著的班级间差异。来自于教师背景因素的教师性别、教龄和专业一致化程度,教师工作因素中的教师是否兼教等对班级学业成绩产生显著影响;来自于学生背景因素的学生性别、独生与否,学生学习因素中的学生自我教育期待、学习习惯、完成作业方式、课外阅读量、课外学习情况等对学生学业成绩产生显著影响。

新疆维吾尔族警察16PF常模建立

目的 检验维语版卡特尔16种人格因素问卷（16PF）在新疆维吾尔族警察中的信度和效度,建立16PF维吾尔族警察常模,分析其性别、文化程度和警种特征。方法 将中文版16PF翻译成维语版,采用分层随机抽样方法在新疆维吾尔自治区15个地州分别抽取218、172和3 817名维吾尔族警察进行了预测、重测和实试,分析该问卷的信度和效度,建立新疆维吾尔族警察人格常模,并比较不同性别、文化程度和警种差异。结果 维语版16PF各项目与总分的相关分析表明,绝大多数条目与总分的相关系数在0.415~0.689（P〈0.01）,该问卷具有较好的区分度;该问卷总的内部一致性系数为0.827,分半信度为0.782,重测信度为0.600,该问卷具有较好的信度;效度检验时,各人格因素均能有效地反映出其所属因素,16种人格因素间的相关系数均较低,在-0.375~0.459,且每一因素均独立于其他因素,该问卷具有较好的效度;不同性别、文化程度、警种维吾尔族警察常模得分比较,不同性别警察在乐群性、聪慧性、恃强性、兴奋性、有恒性、敢为性、忧虑性、实验性、独立性、紧张性人格中差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,不同文化程度警察在乐群性、聪慧性、稳定性、敢为性、怀疑性、幻想性、实验性、独立性、紧张性人格中差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,不同警种警察在乐群性、恃强性、兴奋性、幻想性人格中差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 维语版16PF在新疆维吾尔族警察中具有较好的信度、效度和项目区分度;维吾尔族警察16PF常模样本存在性别、文化程度和警种差异。