Duplicated chalcone synthase(CHS)genes modulate flavonoid production in tea plants in response to light stress

In tea plants,the abundant flavonoid compounds are responsible for the health benefits for the human body and define the astringent flavor profile.While the downstream mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis have been extensively studied,the role of chalcone synthase(CHS)in this secondary metabolic process in tea plants remains less clear.In this study,we compared the evolutionary profile of the flavonoid metabolism pathway and discovered that gene duplication of CHS occurred in tea plants.We identified three CsCHS genes,along with a CsCHS-like gene,as potential candidates for further functional investigation.Unlike the CsCHS-like gene,the CsCHS genes effectively restored flavonoid production in Arabidopsis chs-mutants.Additionally,CsCHS transgenic tobacco plants exhibited higher flavonoid compound accumulation compared to their wild-type counterparts.Most notably,our examination of promoter and gene expression levels for the selected CHS genes revealed distinct responses to UV-B stress in tea plants.Our findings suggest that environmental factors such as UV-B exposure could have been the key drivers behind the gene duplication events in CHS.

Thickening progression mechanism of silica fume-oil well cement composite system at high temperatures

This work studied the thickening progression mechanism of the silica fume-oil well cement composite system at high temperatures(110-180.C)in order to provide a theoretical guidance for the rational application of silica fume in the cementing engineering.Results showed that silica fume seldom affected the thickening progression of oil well cement slurry at 110-120.C,but when temperature reached above130.C,it would aggravate the bulging degree of thickening curves and significantly extend the thickening time,meanwhile causing the abnormal“temperature-based thickening time reversal”and“dosage-based thickening time reversal”phenomena in the range of 130-160.C and 170-180.C respectively.At 130-160.C,the thickening time of oil well cement slurry was mainly associated with the generation rate of calcium hydroxide(CH)crystal.The introduced silica fume would be attracted to the cement minerals'surface that were hydrating to produce CH and agglomerate together to form an“adsorptive barrier”to hinder further hydration of the inner cement minerals.This“adsorptive barrier”effect strengthened with the rising temperature which extended the thickening time and caused the occurrence of the“temperature-based thickening time reversal”phenomenon.At 170-180.C,the pozzolanic activity of silica fume significantly enhanced and considerable amount of C-S-H was generated,thus the“temperature-based thickening time reversal”vanished and the“dosage-based thickening time reversal”was presented.

Stochastic Ranking Improved Teaching-Learning and Adaptive Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm-Based Clustering Scheme for Augmenting Network Lifetime in WSNs

In Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs),Clustering process is widely utilized for increasing the lifespan with sustained energy stability during data transmission.Several clustering protocols were devised for extending network lifetime,but most of them failed in handling the problem of fixed clustering,static rounds,and inadequate Cluster Head(CH)selection criteria which consumes more energy.In this paper,Stochastic Ranking Improved Teaching-Learning and Adaptive Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm(SRITL-AGOA)-based Clustering Scheme for energy stabilization and extending network lifespan.This SRITL-AGOA selected CH depending on the weightage of factors such as node mobility degree,neighbour's density distance to sink,single-hop or multihop communication and Residual Energy(RE)that directly influences the energy consumption of sensor nodes.In specific,Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm(GOA)is improved through tangent-based nonlinear strategy for enhancing the ability of global optimization.On the other hand,stochastic ranking and violation constraint handling strategies are embedded into Teaching-Learning-based Optimization Algorithm(TLOA)for improving its exploitation tendencies.Then,SR and VCH improved TLOA is embedded into the exploitation phase of AGOA for selecting better CH by maintaining better balance amid exploration and exploitation.Simulation results confirmed that the proposed SRITL-AGOA improved throughput by 21.86%,network stability by 18.94%,load balancing by 16.14%with minimized energy depletion by19.21%,compared to the competitive CH selection approaches.

Response of Rice Cultivars to Elevated Air Temperature and Soil Amendments: Implications towards Climate Change Adaptations and Mitigating Global Warming Potentials

Global mean surface air temperature is expected to increase 1.1˚C - 6.4˚C by the end of 21st century which may affect rice productivity and methane emissions in the future climate. This experiment was conducted to investigate the response of rice cultivars to elevated air temperature (+1.5˚C higher than ambient) and soil amendments in regards to rice yield, yield scaled methane emissions and global warming potentials. The experimental findings revealed that replacement of inorganic fertilizers (20% - 40% of recommended NPKS) with Vermicompost, Azolla biofertilizer, enriched sugarcane pressmud, rice husk biochar and silicate fertilization increased rice yield 13.0% - 23.0%, and 11.0% - 19.0% during wet aman and dry boro season, respectively. However, seasonal cumulative CH4 fluxes were decreased by 9.0% - 25.0% and 5.0% - 19.0% during rainfed wet aman and irrigated dry boro rice cultivation, respectively with selected soil amendments. The maximum reduction in seasonal cumulative CH4 flux (19.0% - 25.0%) was recorded with silicate fertilization and azolla biofertilizer amendments (9.0% - 13.0%), whereas maximum grain yield increment 10.0 % - 14.0% was found with Vermicompost and Sugarcane pressmud amendments compared to chemical fertilization (100% NPKS) treated soils at ambient air temperature. However, rice grain yield decreased drastically 43.0% - 50.0% at elevated air temperature (3˚C higher than ambient air temperature), eventhough accelerated the total cumulative CH4 flux as well as GWPs in all treatments. Maximum seasonal mean GWPs were calculated at 391.0 kg CO2 eq·ha−1 in rice husk biochar followed by sugarcane pressmud (mean GWP 387.0 kg CO2 eq·ha−1), while least GWPs were calculated at 285 - 305 kg CO2 eq·ha−1 with silicate fertilizer and Azolla biofertilizer amendments. Rice cultivar BRRI dhan 87 revealed comparatively higher seasonal cumulative CH4 fluxes, yield scaled CH4 flux and GWPs than BRRI dhan 71 during wet aman rice growing season;while BRRI dhan 89 showed higher cumulative CH4 flux and GWPs than BINA dhan 10 during irrigated boro rice cultivation. Conclusively, inorganic fertilizers may be partially (20% - 40% of the recommended NPKS) replaced with Vermicompost, azolla biofertilizer, silicate fertilizer and enriched sugarcane pressmud compost for sustainable rice production and decreasing GWPs under elevated air temperature condition.

CHS-DRG付费下超支病例分析及对策

按疾病诊断相关分组(diagnosis related groups,DRG)付费是国际公认较为先进和科学的支付方式之一。实践证明,DRG的引入能够增强医疗服务的可比性,提高医疗服务效率、降低医疗服务成本[1~4]。近年来,国家医保局加快推进医保支付方式改革。北京市作为国家医疗保障疾病诊断相关分组(China health-care security DRG,CHS-DRG)国家试点城市于2022年3月15日启动66家试点医院的实际付费。

大气CO_(2)浓度升高背景下优化施氮对淹水稻田CH4排放的影响

为探讨未来气候变化条件下,合理管理氮肥以充分协调水稻产量与温室气体排放量之间的矛盾,实现低碳排放并保持水稻产量,本研究探讨了大气CO_(2)浓度升高120μmol·mol^(-1)与氮肥减施40%对淹水稻田水稻生产及CH4排放的影响及机理。利用开顶式气室(OTC)组成的CO_(2)浓度自动调控平台设置4个处理,即环境CO_(2)浓度+施氮250 kg·hm^(-2)(CK)、大气CO_(2)浓度升高120μmol·mol^(-1)+施氮250 kg·hm^(-2)(C+)、环境CO_(2)浓度+施氮150 kg·hm^(-2)(N-)、大气CO_(2)浓度升高120μmol·mol^(-1)+施氮150 kg·hm^(-2)(C+N-),分析了稻田CH4累积排放量(CAC)、水稻生物量及产量、土壤理化性质及酶活性等指标。结果表明:与CK处理相比,C+处理使CAC/产量显著提高了16.93%,N-处理使CAC/产量显著降低了13.33%,C+N-处理使CAC/产量降低了7.89%,但不显著;N-处理在一定程度上削弱了C+处理对CAC、CAC/产量、水稻生物量、土壤可溶性有机碳含量的促进作用;逐步回归分析表明,基于可溶性有机碳和硝态氮含量及土壤脲酶活性的线性模型,可解释稻田CH4累积排放64%的变异。综上,在大气CO_(2)浓度升高条件下,氮肥减施可通过影响土壤碳、氮基质及土壤脲酶活性来调节稻田CH4排放。

杀雄剂CH1对冬小麦雄性不育的效应研究

为探讨化学杀雄剂CH1对冬小麦雄性不育的诱导效果及其与乙烯利的互作效应、筛选CH1最佳使用剂量和表面活化剂组合,用6个CH1剂量水平、7种表面活化剂和3种浓度的乙烯利进行不同配伍组合,对不同组合处理下3个小麦品种的农艺性状、雄性不育率和饱和授粉结实率进行了分析。结果表明:(1)在15~30 g·hm^(-2)剂量下,CH1可诱导3个品种雄性不育率达95%以上,说明CH1具有诱导小麦雄性不育的作用;随CH1剂量的增加,3个品种的饱和授粉结实率均呈下降趋势,其中20~30 g·hm^(-2)处理的饱和授粉结实率明显偏低,推测雌蕊受到了一定的伤害;(2)观察花药和雌蕊发育情况,发现未喷施CH1的植株花药大且开裂,羽毛状柱头较大,而CH1处理的不育株花药瘦小,呈剑状,不开裂,羽毛状柱头较小;(3)随着CH1剂量的增加,3个品种均表现出株高逐渐降低和抽穗期延迟的现象,CH1对旗叶的药害反应因品种不同存在差异;(4)CH1剂量为10 g·hm^(-2)时,与其他表面活化剂相比,NE1820对普冰151的旗叶伤害较轻,对株高无明显抑制作用,可提高饱和授粉结实率;(5) CH1剂量为15 g·hm^(-2)时,添加2种浓度乙烯利后,3个品种的株高比未添加乙烯利降低,抽穗期延迟,其中添加5 mL·L^(-1)乙烯利后3个品种均能达到100%雄性不育,并且饱和授粉结实率相比未添加乙烯利平均高7%左右。因此,CH1采用15 g·hm^(-2)剂量,配伍1%NE1820和5 mL·L^(-1)乙烯利可诱导小麦产生完全的雄性不育,且获得较高的授粉结实率,可作为杂交小麦制种候选方案进一步研究与利用。

青蒿查尔酮合成酶(AaCHS)基因家族鉴定及光调控分析

[目的]为了解青蒿(Artemisia annua L.)查尔酮合成酶(chalcone synthase,CHS)基因家族的分子进化特性及其在不同组织部位的表达情况。[方法]从Pfam数据库下载CHS蛋白HMM模型,并使用HUMMER 3.0、Blastp和CD-search鉴定出青蒿基因组中的CHS基因家族成员。采用TBtools、EXPASy、CELLO v.2.5、MEGA 7.0、MEME、SOPMA、SWISSMODEL和PlantCARE等软件对其氨基酸与碱基序列进行生物信息学分析,通过8个不同组织部位的转录组数据对AaCHS基因家族成员进行表达分析。[结果]青蒿基因组中共有16个AaCHS基因家族成员,蛋白结构分析显示AaCHS蛋白质结构并不稳定,将其分为4个组,基因结构分析显示所有AaCHS基因蛋白均具有外显子,数量为2~4,内含子数量为0~2,其中8个AaCHS基因不具有内含子。启动子顺式作用元件分析表明该基因家族成员启动子上含有大量光响应、植物激素响应元件;CD-search验证结果发现每个AaCHS蛋白均有Chal-sti-synt_N结构域。[结论]AaCHS家族成员表达分析结果表明,16个AaCHS基因在不同组织和光处理下表达不同。GO富集结果得到GO二级分类的生物过程和分子功能,生物过程共富集了80条序列;细胞组分共富集了19条序列,其中二级分类过程细胞质中富集了11条序列,数量最多,与亚细胞定位预测结果一致;推测AaCHS基因在细胞质中调控黄酮类化合物的累积。通过青蒿光调控差异表达分析,推测AaCHS7、AaCHS10在青蒿受到红光光处理中起正向调控作用。

一份新的玉米永久性失绿突变体chs10的鉴定及基因克隆

【目的】利用60Co-γ射线处理自交系齐319获得了一份新的玉米叶色突变体,对该突变体进行遗传分析、基因定位与克隆,并对候选基因的功能进行初步分析。【方法】以该突变体为亲本,构建遗传分析群体和基因定位群体;通过图位克隆技术获得关键候选基因;利用生物信息学方法分析关键候选基因的结构和进化关系;通过qRT-PCR技术检测候选基因在不同组织中的表达差异;同时运用烟草瞬时表达技术对候选基因进行亚细胞定位表达分析。【结果】鉴定了一份玉米永久性失绿突变体chs10(Permanent chlorosis 10),chs10自V2时期开始,叶片从幼苗基部到顶部逐渐由绿转黄,后期的生长发育过程中不再复绿,并且,整个植株包括叶鞘、叶环、茎秆、苞叶和雄穗也均为黄色。该突变体受一对隐性核基因控制,可稳定遗传,植株生长发育正常,可正常授粉结实。突变基因被定位于玉米第10染色体长臂标记SNP-2和SNP-3之间约0.17 Mb范围内,确定了关键候选基因Zm00001d025860,qRT-PCR结果显示Zm00001d025860在玉米根、茎、叶和叶鞘中均有表达,但在叶片中高表达,亚细胞定位结果显示目标蛋白被定位在细胞膜和叶绿体中。利用STRING预测发现Zm00001d025860与卟啉结合蛋白GUN4基因互作,GUN4与叶绿素合成中的镁离子螯合酶(MgCh)具有反馈调节作用。【结论】Zm00001d025860基因的突变导致突变体chs10叶色的改变,并且Zm00001d025860可能通过参与叶绿素合成途径来调控叶色变化。突变体chs10的发现一方面丰富了玉米叶色突变体研究的基因资源,同时为解析镁离子螯合酶在叶绿素合成途径中的作用机理奠定了材料基础。

基于CH579的高速串口服务器

针对目前的串口到网口数据透传模块存在传输速度慢、稳定性差、串口参数无法远程配置等问题,设计了一种基于CH579型号单片机的高速串口转以太网服务器。该系统通过采用串口八级FIFO缓存方式提高数据传输速率,通过优化串口成帧机制降低丢包率从而提高系统稳定性,通过设计串口参数配置协议实现上位机对串口参数的远程配置。测试结果表明:系统进行透明传输时串口最高波特率能达到5 Mbit/s,平均丢包率为0.0650%。因此该系统在提高串口波特率,提升系统稳定性和通用性上有明显改善。

多花黄精查尔酮合酶PcCHS的原核表达、亚细胞定位及表达分析

【目的】探究查尔酮合酶(chalcone synthase,PcCHS)基因在多花黄精类黄酮合成中的作用,为后续解析PcCHS功能以及多花黄精新品种选育提供可靠的理论依据。【方法】以多花黄精为cDNA模板,克隆多花黄精PcCHS基因的编码序列,对该基因进行生物信息学分析。通过构建PcCHS的原核表达载体,纯化目的重组蛋白,验证该酶的体外表达活性。利用瞬时超表达体系探究该基因过表达后总黄酮的含量变化。利用Gateway技术构建亚细胞定位载体35S::PcCHS-GFP,通过本氏烟草表达系统确定目的蛋白亚细胞定位情况。【结果】PcCHS基因的开放阅读框为1 251 bp,理论分子量为44.63 kD,等电点为5.89,属于亲水蛋白,与石刁柏(Asparagus officinalis)CHS亲缘关系较近。原核表达实验表明,pET28a-PcCHS经IPTG(异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷)诱导表达可溶性重组蛋白,Western-blot显示大小约为45 kD,与预期大小一致,且纯化的目的蛋白具有一定的酶活性,能催化对香豆酰辅酶A和丙二酰辅酶A转化为柚皮素查尔酮。此外,PcCHS瞬时超表达中,PcCHS组的表达量显著高于空载K组,总黄酮含量也显著高于空载K组,最高可达1.83倍。亚细胞定位结果显示,该基因在细胞膜和细胞核中发挥作用。【结论】PcCHS基因原核表达的酶具有体外酶活性,其亚细胞定位于细胞膜和细胞核,且瞬时超表达能够显著提高多花黄精叶片总黄酮含量。

NH3/CH4混合燃料层流火焰速度的数值分析及其反应机理的优化

NH3作为一种无碳燃料,且具有较长的应用历史、较高的市场成熟度和较完整的产业链,因此在推动全球低碳发展中具有很大的发展前景。为了解决NH3在燃烧时火焰传播速度较慢的问题,可行的方法是将NH3与CH4混合燃烧。针对NH3/CH4混合燃烧的数值模拟研究时采用的反应机理比较多样且都存在相对误差的问题,对NH3/CH4混合燃料的层流燃烧速度进行模拟并通过反应灵敏度等方法分析了重要影响因素。结果表明燃料CH4的添加可有效使NH3的层流火焰速度线性增加,燃烧强度显著提升。同时发现层流火焰速度在很大程度上受火焰中自由基O、H、OH数量以及基元反应H + O2 O + OH反应速率的影响,随CH4加入火焰中的O、H、OH的摩尔分数也随之增大,因此进一步提高NH3的层流火焰速度。此外通过敏感性分析以及火焰结构分析发现基元反应的参数设置是各个机理模拟产生差异的根本原因,因此本研究基于模拟表现最好Okafor机理,根据其他常用机理的参数设置和实验数据形成了优化机理Okafor-Modified,与实验结果的平均相对误差在10%内。

基于CH565W的图像采集系统设计

针对当前嵌入式设备图像采集装置功耗大、成本高的问题,提出了一种低成本、低功耗的实时系统设计方案。在硬件设计方面,采用OV2640 CMOS传感器作为采集前端,CH565W芯片作为主控芯片进行控制与处理,RTL8211FS作为千兆以太网物理层芯片进行数据收发。在软件设计方面,介绍了具有双缓冲模式的图像采集程序、数据收发流程以及低功耗管理程序。该系统测试结果表明,图像传输清晰流畅,功耗、成本以及实时性满足设计要求。

SCAPS 1D Simulation of a Lead-Free Perovskite Photovoltaic Solar Cell Using Hematite as Electron Transport Layer

In recent years, there has been remarkable progress in the performance of metal halide perovskite solar cells. Studies have shown significant interest in lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to concerns about the toxicity of lead in lead halide perovskites. CH3NH3SnI3 emerges as a viable alternative to CH3NH3PbX3. In this work, we studied the effect of various parameters on the performance of lead-free perovskite solar cells using simulation with the SCAPS 1D software. The cell structure consists of α-Fe2O3/CH3NH3SnI3/PEDOT: PSS. We analyzed parameters such as thickness, doping, and layer concentration. The study revealed that, without considering other optimized parameters, the efficiency of the cell increased from 22% to 35% when the perovskite thickness varied from 100 to 1000 nm. After optimization, solar cell efficiency reaches up to 42%. The optimization parameters are such that, for example, for perovskite: the layer thickness is 700 nm, the doping concentration is 1020 and the defect density is 1013 cm−3, and for hematite: the thickness is 5 nm, the doping concentration is 1022 and the defect concentration is 1011 cm−3. These results are encouraging because they highlight the good agreement between perovskite and hematite when used as the active and electron transport layers, respectively. Now, it is still necessary to produce real, viable photovoltaic solar cells with the proposed material layer parameters.

基于CH32V303的微型四旋翼无人机控制系统设计

设计了一款基于RISC-V内核微控制器的微型四旋翼无人机,采用CH32V303单片机作为无人机控制系统的核心控制芯片。遥控器通过2.4G无线模块NRF24L01与无人机主控制器进行通信;主控制器利用MPU6050采集无人机的实时加速度和角速度信息,并通过MPU自带的DMP解算出姿态角度,结合串级PID算法控制PWM输出,实现对无人机四个电机的转速控制,最终完成了无人机的稳定飞行。

成都CHUG:把酒卖给真正需要的人

夏日,烟火气的成都再增一缕外出堂食消费的氛围,餐饮业老板正在期待第一波消费热潮的到来。下午三点左右,是位于成都太古里街区的CHUGAsian Bistro&Wine餐吧一天中的得闲时刻,也是酒吧老板孔楠女士钟爱的“下午酒”时间。定位无国界创意菜。

CH透明纸热封时间的MICROOⅡ程序控制设计

针对CH透明纸热封过度收缩使烟包变形的问题,为降低因透明纸热封收缩后使烟包变形的烟包数量,提高烟包外观质量,采用试验方法,分析可能引起CH透明纸热封过度收缩使烟包变形的因素,提出两套解决方案,对两套方案进行对比分析,最终建立一套完善的MICROOⅡ程序控制解决方案,通过上机试验运行与跟踪统计分析,该方案可行,且能解决因短暂或间歇停机引起的透明纸热封收缩导致烟包变形的问题,达到了良好的应用效果。

纳米BaTiO_3载Ni催化剂在CO_2重整CH_4中的活性

用溶胶 凝胶法合成出平均粒径为 30nm左右的纳米BaTiO3 ,并以其为载体通过浸渍法制备出Ni/BaTiO3 催化剂 ,该催化剂在CO2 重整CH4制合成气反应中有较高活性。考察了焙烧温度、还原温度和制备方法对催化剂活性的影响。焙烧温度和还原温度对活性影响不大 ,而溶胶

Germination Characteristics and Secondary Metabolism Regulation of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Seeds under Different Light Intensities

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the primary and secondary metabolisms during the germination of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi seeds under different light intensities. [Method] The activities of CHL, soluble sugar, PAL, C4H and CHS were determined with ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The secondary metabolites were detected by High Performance Liquid Chromatography （HPLC）. [Result] The results indicate that the germination of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi seeds is not sensitive to light and the seedlings were very sensitive to light. The CHL, soluble sugar, PAL, C4H and CHS continuously increased with light intensity. The content of secondary metabolites also increased. [Conclusion] Light increased the formation of leaf photosynthetic pigment, thereby affecting the primary metabolites. The activities of PAL, C4H and CHS significantly increased with the development of light intensity. Finally the secondary metabolites of medicinal plants increased sharply. Therefore, the quality of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi materials can be improved by increasing the light intensity moderately.

二维聚合物[MnNa(Salicylate)_2(CH_3OH)(H_2O)]_n·0.5nH_2O的合成、晶体结构与活性研究

In this paper, a novel polymeric complex [MnNa（Salicylate）2（CH3OH）（H2O）]n·0.5nH2O was obtained and characterized by IR spectra, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The titled complex is crystallized in triclinic system, space group P1 with a=0.763 82（15） nm, b= 1.037 1（2） nm, c=1.290 9（3） nm, α= 103.59（3）°, β=104.65（3）°, γ=109.50（3）°, V=0.873 6（3） nm 3, Z=2, Dc=1.556 Mg/m 3, Mr=409.20, μ=0.823 mm -1, F（000）=418, R=0.0614, wR= 0.147 6. The activity in catalyzing the superoxygen anionic free radical dismutation was determinated.