Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid regulates tissue inflammation and apoptosis in mice with influenza virus pneumonia

Background:The influenza A virus is the primary cause of respiratory infections and poses a global health risk.Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid(PDL)exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties.PDL is commonly employed in clinical practice to manage upper respiratory tract infections.However,there is still much to uncover regarding its potential therapeutic mechanism.Methods:Institute of cancer research mice were infected with influenza A virus via nasal drip.The general state of the mice,lung index,and lung index inhibition rate were used to evaluate the efficacy of PDL.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,western blotting,and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the presence of proteins and cytokines in the lung tissue.Apoptosis was evaluated using the TUNEL assay.Results:PDL improved the mental state of influenza A virus-infected mice,reduced the lung index,and inhibited viral replication.The expression of interleukin-1βand tumor necrosis factor-αwere decreased,whereas the expression of interleukin-10 in the lung tissue was increased due to PDL treatment.In addition,PDL treatment modulated Toll-like receptor 4 and MyD88 expressions in the lung tissues.PDL significantly reduced apoptosis and decreased cleaved caspase-3 and PARP levels,whereas increased B-cell lymphoma-2 expression in the lung tissue.Notably,the moderate-dose group of PDL exhibited a more pronounced effect.These findings indicate that PDL exerts a protective effect against pneumonia injury in influenza A virus-infected mice.Conclusion:PDL inhibited the inflammatory response and regulated apoptosis by regulating Toll-like receptor 4 and MyD88 protein expressions,thereby protecting the lung tissue from viral infection-induced lung tissue injury.

Pharmacodynamic study in multi-animal models on the efficacy and optimal dosage of antiviral oral liquid for children

Antiviral Oral Liquid(AOL)is an adult medicine in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia used to treat upper respiratory infections such as influenza.It has shown promising clinical efficacy in relieving flu-like symptoms such as fever,inflammation,and pharyngalgia both in adults and children.However,the instruction manual does not specify the exact usage and dosage of AOL for children.In this article,we set 6 dosage ranges:0.2,0.5,0.7,0.9,1.1,1.4 mL/kg/d,according to its dosage for adults and the conversion method between adult and children dosage.And six animal models were used to evaluate the effectiveness of AOL in different doses.The results indicated that AOL could reduce the lung index,virus load,and expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the lung.AOL could improve pathological changes and prolong the survival time of mice infected by the Influenza A virus(H1N1)A/PR/8/34 strains at 0.5–0.9 mL/kg/d concentrations in different degrees.The four dose groups of 0.7–1.4 mL/kg/d could significantly inhibit the ear shell swelling caused by xylene and reduce the rabbit body temperature induced by lipopolysaccharide(P<0.01,P<0.05).All the five dosage groups of 0.2–1.1 mL/kg/d could inhibit the increase of peritoneal capillary permeability induced by glacial acetic acid(P<0.01).AOL at 0.7 and 0.9 mL/kg/d reduced the painful writhing times in young mice induced by glacial acetic(P<0.01).These results indicated that the optimal dose of AOL in antiviral,antipyretic,anti-inflammatory,and analgesic effects is 0.7 mL/kg/d.

Efficacy evaluation of Shenlan oral liquid in the treatment of experimental thrombosis and hyperlipidemia

Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of Shenlan oral liquid on thrombosis rats and hyperlipidemia mice.Methods:Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups randomly:the control group,the Shenlan oral liquid groups(high dosage and low dosage),and the positive control group.Rats in the control group were treated with dd water intragastriclly;in the positive control group,rats were treated intragastric with aspirin.Rats were treated with different drugs intragastric for continuous 22 d.In the hyperlipidemia experiment,mice were fed with high-fat diet to induce hyperlipidemia model mice,then randomly divided into five groups;the control group,the model group,the atorvastatin calcium positive control group,and the Shenlan oral liquid groups(high dosage and low dosage).The serum lipid and body weight changes of mice were observed after 6 weeks.Animals in Shenlan oral liquid high and low dosage were treated intragastric with six times and double the clinical dose.Results:After treatment,the mix blocking rate and average blocking rate of the vascular after electrical stimulation were obviously reduced in aspirin group,and Shenlan oral liquid high and low dose groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The maximum aggregation rate was significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the normal coagulation function was not affected.In the treatment of hyperlipidemia,the effects of Shenlan oral liquid were measured on the total cholesterol(TC),triacylglycerol(total triglyceride,TG),low density lipoprotein(LDL-C)and high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C)with the hyperlipidemia mice.After 2 weeks administration,the serum TG level of Shenlan oral liquid high-dose group decreased compared with the model group.The TG level of serum in Shenlan oral liquid high-dose group significantly decreased compared with the model group from the fourth week(P<0.05).After 6 weeks administration,Shenlan oral liquid high-dose and low-dose group and positive drugs reached to the same therapeutic effect.Compared with model group,serum TG level was significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:Shenlan oral liquid can decrease the thrombosis formation in rats and inhibit the lipid level in blood in hyperlipidemia mice.

Systematic Evaluation and Meta-analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Zhichuanling Oral Liquid (止喘灵口服液) in the Treatment of Bronchial Asthma

Objective:To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Zhichuanling Oral Liquid(止喘灵口服液)in the treatment of bronchitis asthma.Methods:A systematic search of CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,CBM,Cochrane Library,PubMed,Embase and Web of Science was conducted to screen out randomized controlled trials of Zhichuanling Oral Liquid in the treatment of bronchial asthma.Meta-analysis and systematic evaluation of the included studies were conducted to finally included researches using the Cochrane Handbook 5.1 evaluation standard tool and RevMan 5.3 software.Results:Five studies were included,with a total sample size of 354 cases,176 in experimental group and 178 in control group.Meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate of Zhichuanling Oral Liquid combined with conventional treatment was better than that of conventional treatment alone(RR=1.27,95%CI[1.13-1.42],P<0.0001).Conclusion:Based on the existing data and methods,Zhichuanling Oral Liquid combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of bronchial asthma can improve the total effective rate.However,the quality of the included studies is not high and the number is small,so it is necessary to adopt clinical trial protocols with large samples,rigorous design and in line with international standards to improve the quality of evidence in the future.

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Efficacy and Safety of Xuefu Zhuyu Oral Liquid(血府逐瘀口服液)in the Treatment of Migraine

Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xuefu Zhuyu Oral Liquid(血府逐瘀口服液)in the treatment of migraine.Methods:All randomized controlled trials(RCTs)on the treatment of migraine with Xuefu Zhuyu Oral Liquid were screened out by systematically searching Cochrane Library,Pub Med,Embase,Web of Science,VIP,Wanfang,CNKI and CBM database from database establishment to March 2023.Literature screening was conducted strictly according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and the quality of the finally included RCTs was evaluated according to the Cochrane Handbook.All data analyses were completed using Rev Man 5.4 software provided by the Cochrane Collaboration.Results:A total of 8 RCTs involving 706 patients were included.Meta-analysis showed that Xuefu Zhuyu Oral Liquid alone(RR=1.22,95%CI[1.11,1.33],P<0.0001)or combined with conventional treatment(RR=1.19,95%CI[1.11,1.28],P<0.0001)was superior to conventional treatment alone in improving the severity of headache attacks and reducing recurrence.Three studies mentioned mild adverse reactions in individual patients during the treatment process,such as transient diarrhea,lethargy,etc.,which were not directly related to Xuefu Zhuyu Oral Liquid.Conclusion:Based on the existing data and meta-analysis results,Xuefu Zhuyu Oral Liquid alone or combined with conventional treatment can improve the total effective rate of migraine treatment,alleviate headache symptoms,reduce recurrence and adverse events.In the future,large-scale and high-quality original studies are needed to further verify the efficacy and safety of Xuefu Zhuyu Oral Liquid in the treatment of migraine,and provide a reference for the clinical medication of migraine.

HPLC Fingerprint with Multi-components Analysis for Quality Consistency Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Si-Mo-Tang Oral Liquid Preparation

Si-Mo-Tang（SMT） oral liquid preparation, a traditional Chinese medicine, was prepared from four crude herbal drugs, Fructus Aurantii Submaturus, Radix Aucklandiae, Semen Arecae and Radix Linderae Aggregatae. A combinative method using HPLC fingerprint and quantitative analysis was developed and validated for quality consistency evaluation of SMT. Individual HPLC chromatograms were evaluated against the mean chromatogram generated via a similarity evaluation computer program. Data from chromatographic fingerprints were also processed with principal component analysis（PCA） and hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA）. Additionally, six components （naringin, isonaringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, norisoboldine and potassium sorbate） in SMT were simultaneously determined to interpret the quality consistency. For fingerprint analysis, 20 peaks were selected as the characteristic peaks to evaluate the similarities of 26 SMT collected from different manufacturers. Among the 20 characteristic peaks, 10 peaks were assigned to be naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, isonaringin, neoeriocitrin, tangeretin, nobiletin, norisoboldine, 5-（ethoxymethyl）furan-2-carbaldehyde and potassium sorbate, respectively. The results of similarity analysis, PCA and HCA, indicate that the samples from different manufacturers were consistent with each other in composition. The results from the quantitative data show that the contents of six compounds were significantly different in SMT oral liquid preparations from different manufacturers. The combinative method of chromatographic fingerprint with quantitative analysis developed here offered an efficient way for the quality consistency evaluation of the traditional Chinese medicine SMT.

Study on the Effects of Guiqi Oral Liquid (归芪口服液) in Promoting Recovery of Hematopoiesis in AcuteIrradiation Injured Mice

Objective： To explore the effects and possible mechanisms of Guiqi Oral Liquid （归芪口服液, GQOL） on the recovery of hematopoiesis in acute irradiation injured mice. Methods： The acute irradiation injured mice were randomly divided into 2 groups： the treated group and the control group, and also a normal control group was set up with 6 mice in it receiving no treatment. After the mice in the former two groups were irradiated by 6.0 Gy ^60Coγ-ray, every one of them was given 0.4 ml GQOL or saline in equal volume through a gastric tube twice a day for 14 days. On the 4th, 8th and 14th day after irradiation, the bone marrow mononuclear cells （BMMNC） and megakaryocytes in bone marrow tissues of the mice were counted, the proportion of hematopoietic tissues （by area） was measured, and the expression of adhesion molecules, CD44 and CD54, in bone marrow were estimated by immunochemistry. The colony forming unit of spleen （CFU-S） in the mice were counted on the 8th day after irradiation. Results： On the 4th, 8th, 14th day after irradiation, the count of BMMNC and megakaryocyte, and the proportion of hematopoietic tissues in the treated group were higher than those in the control group （P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）. CD44 and CD54 expression in the treated group were higher than those in the control group on the 4th and 8th day （P〈0.01）, but near normal on the 14th day （P〈0.01）. On the 8th day, CFU-S count in the treated group was higher than that in the control group （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： GQOL can regulate the expression of adhesion molecules, CD44 and CD54, in the bone marrow of the acute irradiation injured mice, which may be one of the mechanisms of GQOL in accelerating the early phase hematopoiesis recovery of mice.

Effect of Lirukang Oral Liquid(利乳康口服液) on Neurotransmitters and Estrogen in Rats with Hyperplasia of Mammary Gland

Objective: To investigate the effects of Lirukang oral liquid (LRK, 利乳康口服液) on release of neurotransmitter in rats with hyperplasia of mammary glands (HMG) and to explore its mechanism. Methods: Sixty rats were divided into six groups, the normal control group, the model control group, the large dosage (3.6g/kg) and the small dosage (1.8g/kg ) LRK groups, the Ruzengning (乳增宁, RZN, 2.5g/kg) group and the tamoxifen (TAM, 5mg/kg) group, 10 in each group. Except those in the normal control group, all the animals were made into rat model of HMG by intraperitoneal injection of estradiol benzoate. Levels of dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in hypothalamus and mammary gland in rats were detected by fluorescence luminosity assay, and level of prolactin (PRL) in serum was detected by radioimmunoassay. Results: In the model group, the level of DA reduced significantly ( P<0. 01), and 5-HT and PRL increased obviously ( P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the LRK groups of both dosages and the TAM group had their level of DA significantly increased (P<0. 01), and level of 5-HT significantly decreased ( P<0.01). The serum PRL in both LRK groups was significantly decreased ( P<0. 01). No obvious changes in DA, 5-HT and PRL were found in the RZN group. Conclusion: LRK and TAM have similar effects in regulating the release of neurotransmitter in hypothalamus and mammary gland and serum content of estrogen in the animal models of HMG.

Effects of fufang yimucao oral liquid on acute ache model mice

BACKGROUND： Fufang yimucao oral liquid has markedly effects on ameliorating circulation, restraining uterine constriction induced by oxytocin, alleviating dysmenorrhea, as a traditional medicine on promoting blood circulation by removing blood stasis, yimucao could ameliorate abnormal hemorrheological when hemorrhagic shock happens, enhance the hemoperfusion of organs and actively react on the result of hemorrhagic shock. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the abirritation offufang yimucao oral liquid on pain model mice induced by hot board method and acetic acid twist body method and dysmenorrhea model mice induced by estradiol. DESIGN： Entirely randomly grouping and control experiment. SETTING： Pharmacological Laboratory, Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MATERIALS： A total of 200 female Kunming genus mice of grade 2 and weighing 18- 21 g were collected. Fufang yimucao oral liquid, mainly consist ofyimucao, danggui, chuanxiong, muxiang, and so on, was produced by Henan Joyline ＆ Joysun Pharmaceutical Stock Co., Ltd. （batch number： 050701）; yimucao oral liquid was produced by Shangqiu Lvyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. （batch number： 050108）; estradiol slice by Shanghai Xinyi Kangjie Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. （batch number： 050301）; YSL-6A intelligence hot plate instrument by Shandong Equipments Station of the Medical Science. METHODS： The experiment was carried out in the Animal Experiment Center of the Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August to November 2005. The high-, middle- and low-dosage fufang yimucao oral liquid in the experiment was 1, 0.5 and 0.25 in volume fraction, respectively, andyimucao oral liquid was 0.5. ① Among 80 mice, 60 mice were eligible in pain threshold tested by hot plate, and randomly dividing into 5 groups with 12 in each group. Mice in the high-, middle- and low-dose fufang yimucao oral liquid groups were perfused with 1 mL, 0.5 mL and 0.25 mL/mLfufang yimucao, and mice in the yimucao group and saline group were perfused with the same volume yimucao oral liquid and saline, respectively, once a day for 3 successive days. Half an hour and one hour after administration for the last time, the range of pain was tested in hot plate and the increasing numerical value was counted. ② Another 60 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups. The grouping ways, numbers of animal and administration were as the same as those mentioned above. Forty minutes after administration for the last time, mice were given the celiac injecting with the fresh acetic acid, then observed and registered the delitescence of turned body and the times of turning in 10 minutes. ③ The rest of 60 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups with 10 in each group. The five groups were divided as the same as mentioned above, and the last group was the blank control group. Mice in the 5 former groups were given synestrin tablets CMC suspension with the dose of 2 mg/kg, 0.1 g/L and 0.2 mL/10 g once a day for 12 successive days. Ten days later, mice were administrated as the same ways and dosage mentioned above. Mice in blank control group were perfused with the same volume of saline. Two days after modeling and 40 minutes after administration, mice were injected with oxytocin to observe the latent period and the frequency of twisting reaction in 10 minutes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Effect offufangyimucao oral liquid on mice pain model induced by hot board method, twisting body response induced by acetic acid and mice dysmenorrhea model. RESULTS： ① Effect offufang yimucao oral liquid on mice pain model induced by hot board： Thirty minutes after administration, the pain threshold ofyimucao oral liquid group and high-, middle- and low-dose fufang yimucao oral liquid groups were respectively （25.42 ± 2.10）, （22.40 ± 3.42）, （25.24± 2.51 ） and （ 19.80 ±2.00） s, which were markedly higher than saline group [（17.98± 1.68） s, P 〈 0.05 - 0.01]. Sixty minutes after administration, the pain threshold ofyimucao oral liquid group and high-, middle- and low-dosefufang yimucao oral liquid groups were respectively （27.42 ± 2.17）, （23.83 ± 2.66）, （27.64 ± 2.64） and （21.51 ± 2.41 ） s, which were markedly higher than saline group [（17.8± 1.75） s, P 〈 0.01]. ② Effect offufangyimucao oral liquid on twisting body response induced by celiac injecting acetic acid： The twisting body latent period of yimucao oral liquid group and high-, middle- and low-dose fufang yimucao oral liquid groups were respectively （2.43±0.19）, （2.09±0.20）, （2.60±0.14） and （1.85±0.35） s, which were markedly higher than saline group [（1.45±0.22） s, P 〈 0.01]. The twisting body times in 10 minutes ofyimucao oral liquid group and high-, middle- and low-dose fufang yimucao oral liquid groups were respectively （14.8 ±4.0）, （15.8 ± 3.5）, （12.2±3.7） and （18.7±3.3） times, which were markedly lower than saline group [（25.0±5.0） times, P 〈 0.01]. ③ Effect offufangyimucao oral liquid on mice dysmenorrhea model： After injecting estradiol, the twisting body latent period ofyimucao oral liquid group and high-, middle- and Iow-dosefufangyimucao oral liquid groups were respectively （61.8±20.8）, （105.8±29.8）, （78.9± 14.0） and （71.9±20.0） s, which were higher than the saline group [（31.6± 14.71） s, P 〈 0.01]. The twisting body times in 10 minutes of yimucao oral liquid group and high-, middle- and low-dose fufang yimucao oral liquid groups were respectively （18.1± 4.2）, （9.5 ±2.8）, （16.2 ± 3.5） and （19.9 ±4.6） times, which were lower than the saline group [（28.5 ±4.7） times, P 〈 0.01]. CONCLUSION： Fufang yimucao oral liquid has a good effect on abirritation, condignly as yimucao oral liquid, besides it does not have obvious dependent effect.

Effect of Tongmai Jiangzhi Oral Liquid (通脉降脂口服液) on Serum P-selectin, von Willebrand Factors and D-Dimer in Patients with Atherosclerosis

Objective: To explore the role of cytokines on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and the effect of Tongmai Jiangzhi oral liquid (通脉降脂口服液,TMJZ) on cytokines through observing serum P-se-lectins (Ps), von Willebrand (vWF), and D-dimer (D-D) in atherosclerosis (AS) patients. Methods: Sixty-three AS patients were randomly divided into the treated group (n = 33, treated with TMJZ, 10 ml each time, three times a day) and the control group (n = 30, treated with Lovastatin, 10 mg, once daily). The levels of serum lipids (enzymatic methods), Ps, vWF, and D-D were measured before and after 8 weeks of treatment. Results: Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apo-protein B-100 (apoB-100) were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P< 0.01) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly raised (P<0.05) after TMJZ treatment. Serum Ps, vWF, and D-D also declined (P<0.05) after treatment. There was no significant difference between the treated and the control groups in these parameters except serum HDL-C level. Conclusion: TMJZ has good therapeutic effect in regulating serum lipids, improving endothelial cell function, inhibiting activation of platelets, and preventing the disturbance of blood coagulation/fibrinolysis function in patients with AS.

Application of Xiao’er Kechuanling Oral Liquid Combined with Tulobuterol Patch in Children with Bronchiolitis

[Objectives]To explore the use of Xiao’er Kechuanling Oral Liquid combined with Tulobuterol Patch on the basis of comprehensive treatment,compare it with the combined aerosol inhalation of terbutaline,ipratropium bromide and budesonide which are commonly used in clinic,and observe the curative effect in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis and the effect on serum IL-4 and IL-8.[Methods]80 children with acute bronchiolitis were randomly divided into observation group(n=40)and control group(n=40),and both groups were given routine comprehensive treatment.The observation group was treated with Xiao’er Kechuanling Oral Liquid combined with Tulobuterol Patch and budesonide,while the control group was treated with combined aerosol inhalation of terbutaline,ipratropium bromide and budesonide.The curative effect of the two groups was observed;the remission duration of cough,wheezing,dyspnea and nocturnal wheezing,and the disappearance time of wheezing rales and moist rales were observed in the two groups;the treatment course of intravenous infusion of methylprednisolone sodium succinate,oxygen inhalation time,sputum suction times and hospitalization time were observed in the two groups;the changes of serum IL-4 and IL-8 were observed before and after treatment in the two groups;the adverse drug reactions were observed.[Results](i)The total effective rate of the two groups was 100%(P>0.05),but the cure rate of the observation group(72.5%)was significantly higher than that of the control group(42.5%)(P<0.01).(ii)The disappearance time of cough,wheezing rales and moist rales and hospitalization time in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group(P<0.01),the remission duration of nocturnal wheezing in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the remission duration of wheezing and dyspnea in the control group was slightly longer than that in the control group(P>0.05).(iii)There was no significant difference(P>0.05)in serum IL-4 and serum IL-8 between the two groups before and after treatment.After treatment,the levels of serum IL-4 and IL-8 in the observation group and the control group were significantly lower than those before treatment in the observation group and the control group.[Conclusions]On the basis of comprehensive treatment,the use of Xiao’er Kechuanling Oral Liquid combined with Tulobuterol Patch in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis could reduce the effect of nocturnal wheezing on sleep,reduce the levels of serum IL-4 and IL-8,and significantly improve adverse symptoms.

Simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid and baicalin in heat-clearing and detoxicating oral liquid by NIRS

The calibration model for simultaneous deter-mination of chlorogenic acid and baicalin in heat-clearing and detoxicating oral liquid was built by partial least squares and near infrared spectroscopy, and the method of spectral pre-treatment was discussed. Building model from calibration set obtained good results, and vali-dated by prediction. According to heat-clearing and detoxicating oral liquid from 30 batches of 6 factories, the correlation coefficient of chloro-genic acid and baicalin model are 0.9993 and 0.9923, The root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) are 0.467 and 0.480, and the standard Error of prediction (SEP) of chloro- genic acid and baicalin are 0.356 and 0.370 re-spectively. The correlation coefficients in pre-diction set are 0.9997 and 0.9969, prediction results are accurate and reliable. This method can be applied in rapid analysis of heat- clearing and detoxicating oral liquid, and it is fit for on-line detection and has a wide application prospect.

Effect of Biejiajian Oral Liquid on the Expression of RAAS in Hepatic Fibrosis Rats

Objective: To study the effect of Biejiajian Oral Liquid (BOL) on the rennin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) in plasma of hepatic fibrosis rats and in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) of normal rats. We explore the mechanism of BOL on inhibiting the activation of HSC and illustrate its mechanism of anti-hepatic fibrosis further. Methods: SD Rats were divided into 5 groups randomly: normal control group, model group, Enalapril group and BOL groups with different concentration (2.0 g/ml or 1.0 g/ml). Every group was administered with CCl4 and olive oil solution to induce hepatic fibrosis except normal one. Each group was treated with the respective drug for 5 weeks and then got the blood. The level of renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone in the plasma of liver fibrosis rats were detected by the radioimmunoassay. By using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to measure the gene expression of the rennin, ACE, angiotensinogen, AT1R and ALD. The AT1R gene expression in normal HSC was determined by the immunohistochemical measurement. Results: BOL could effectively reduce the activity of the PRA, AngIIand ALD, which showed a significant effect on the inhibition of the AngII (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, compared with the normal control group, there was a notable inhibitory action on the PRA of HSC which was administrated by serum containing BOL (P < 0.05). And yet, drug applied group showed no difference with the model group for other factors of the RAAS. Conclusion: BOL can inhibit the expression of RAAS in the rat plasma and can inhibit the expression of the mRNA of renin in the normal HSC, which could be the mechanism of anti-hepatic fibrosis.

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Biyuanshu Oral Liquid in the Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis

[Objectives]The objective was to study the clinical efficacy and safety of Biyuanshu oral liquid in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS).[Methods]Randomized controlled trial was adopted to conduct scientific and standardized assessment on the risk of bias in the included papers.With overall effect and incidence of adverse reactions as indices,meta-analysis was performed,and sensitivity and safety analysis was conducted on the included literature.[Results]A total of 15 papers were included,involving 1489 patients.The efficiency of Biyuanshu oral liquid combined with Western medicine was better than that of Western medicine alone.[Conclusions]Biyuanshu oral liquid is safe and effective in treating chronic rhinosinusitis,and is suitable for patients who are not convenient for surgery.However,as the 15 papers included are all low in quality and there is a certain degree of publication bias,the objectivity of the results is affected to some extent.

Effects of Yinzhihuang oral liquid and albumin on bilirubin, inflammatory factors, immune indexes and related factors in neonatal pathologic jaundice

Objective: To explore the effects of Yinzhihuang oral liquid and albumin on bilirubin, inflammatory factors, immune indexes and related factors in neonatal pathologic jaundice. Methods: A total of 134 neonates with pathologic jaundice admitted to our hospital from May 2017 to April 2018 were randomly selected as the control group (n=67) and the observation group (n=67), the control group was treated with albumin, the observation group was treated with Yinzhihuang Oral Liquid on the basis of the control group. The bilirubin, inflammatory factors, immune indicators, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and transferrin (TRF) were compared and analyzed before and after treatment. Results: After treatment, the levels of TBIL, DBIL and IBIL in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.05), and the levels of TBIL, DBIL and IBIL [(118.60±10.85) μmol/L, (6.95±1.52) μmol/L, (115.30±14.20)μmol/L] in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group;the levels of CRP and IL-6 in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.05), and the levels of CRP and IL-6 [(8.26±2.07) mg/L, (12.69±2.15) pg/mL] in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05);the levels of CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ in both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.05), while the levels of CD8+ was significantly lower than that before treatment, the levels of CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ [(47.08±5.70)%, (2.08±0.41)] in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05), and the level of CD8+ [(22.90±2.05)%] was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05);the levels of AFP in significantly higher than before treatment (P<0.05), and the levels of AFP [(12.69±3.04)mg/L] in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05), the levels of TRF [(2.02±0.35) g/L] were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: The combination of Yinzhihuang oral liquid and albumin can effectively reduce the bilirubin level in neonatal jaundice, inhibit its inflammatory reaction, enhance the cellular immune function and improve the expression of AFP and TRF, which is of clinical significance.

Mechanism of Zixinyin oral liquid in the treatment of insomnia based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Objective:To explore the molecular mechanism of Zixinyin oral liquid(ZOL)in the treatment of insomnia.Methods:The compounds and action targets of four herbal medicines in ZOL were collected via Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform.Genes corresponding to the targets were queried from the UniProt database.Genecards database was searched to screen the related targets of insomnia.A Gene Ontologyfunction enrichment analysis and a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomespathway enrichment analysis were performed by Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated Discovery.AutoDock software was used for molecular docking to verify the results of network analysis.Results:A total of 47 effective compounds and 187 potential targets of ZOL were screened out from the four drugs.A total of 2592 disease targets were screened out from the genecards database,and there were 1576 genes whose relevance score≥0.5.46 genes were obtained by taking the intersection of 187 potential targets of ZOL and 1,576 targets of insomnia.A total of 3,405 entries were obtained from Gene Ontologyfunctional enrichment(P<0.05).A total of 195 signaling pathways were obtained through a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomespathway analysis(P<0.05).Tumor necrosis factor,interleukin 17and hypoxia inducible factor-1signaling pathways were closely related to insomnia.The results of molecular docking show that all the core compounds of ZOL had a certain degree of affinity with gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1(GABRA1)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).Paeoniflorgenone shows the highest affinity with GABRA1,and beta-sitosterol shows the highest affinity withTNF-α.ZOLmay have a therapeutic effect on insomnia through its action on targets such as GABRA1 and TNF-α,meanwhile regulating many signaling pathways.

The Therapeutic Effects of Rehmannia Oral Liquid for the Syndrome of Heat Accumulation with Yin Consumption in Esophagus Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy——A Report of 60 Cases

Objective: To observe the clinical therapeutic effects of Rehmannia Oral Liquid on the syndrome of heat accumulation with Yin consumption in intermediate or late esophagus cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Methods: The IFN-α, TNF-α, IL-1β and TGF-β1 levels in sera were determined by the method of ABC-WLISA before and after the treatment with Rehmannia Oral Liquid. At the same time, the observation was carried out on the patient's general condition, symptoms and signs, barium meal or CT examinations, and biopsy. Another 30 cases of esophagus cancer were treated singly with radiotherapy as the control group. Results: Rehmannia Oral Liquid could obviously improve the patient's general condition, and the symptoms and signs after radiotherapy. Based on the X-ray examination and biopsy, the short-term local control rate of the treatment group and the control group was 70.0% and 40.0% respectively, showing a significant difference (P<0.05). Before the treatment, the level of serum IFN-α of both cancer groups was lower and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and TGF-β1 were higher than that of normal group. After treatment, the level of IFN-α in both treatment group and control group increased significantly (P<0.01), and the treatment group improved more obviously than the control group (P<0.05). The level of TNF-α of both groups decreased significantly (P<0.01) after treatment, and the level of IL-1β decreased in treatment group and increased in control group without the significant difference as compared with that before treatment. The level of TGF-β1 was significantly increased in control group (P<0.05) and decreased in treatment group (P>0.05) after treatment. The difference between groups was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Rehmannia Oral Liquid can obviously reduce the radiotherapy reaction, improve the quality of life, and raise the therapeutic effects. The action mechanism of the Liquid may lie in balancing the cytokine network and regulating the disordered signal transmission.

Disease resistant and Growth promoting Effect of Nvhuang Fuzheng Oral Liquid on Chicks and Its Enhancement Effect on Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) Vaccine

[Objective] The paper was to investigate the clinical effects of Nvhuang Fuzheng oral liquid on immunity enhancement,disease resistance and growth promotion of chicks. [Method] In the test,3-day-old Daninghe chicks were divided into normal control group,Nvhuang Fuzheng oral liquid group and positive control group. Chicks were administrated with drugs for 7 d before immunization. After vaccination,chicks were observed for 4 weeks,to statistically count the incidence state of chicks. Effects of Nvhuang Fuzheng oral liquid on growth performance,serum immunoglobulin,cytokine and infectious bursal disease virus( IBDV)antibody were studied. [Result] Compared to normal control group,Nvhuang Fuzheng oral liquid significantly improved the weight of chicks and reduced the feed gain ratio( P < 0. 05); significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality and increased the survival rate of chicks( P < 0. 05); continuously increased IgG,IgM and IL-2 content significantly in the serum of chicks( P < 0. 05); extremely improved IFN-γ content in the serum at 7 d post drug administration( P < 0. 01). After vaccination of IBDV vaccine for 1 and 2 weeks,Nvhuang Fuzheng oral liquid significantly improved IBDV antibody titer and positive rate of chicks compared to normal control group( P < 0. 05); at 3 weeks post immunization,the antibody positive rate reached 100%. [Conclusion]Nvhuang Fuzheng oral liquid improved immunoglobulin and cytokine levels of chicks,enhanced the immunity and reduced the occurrence of diseases( the morbidity was reduced by 15% and the mortality was reduced by 30%),enhanced disease-resistant ability and promoted the growth of chicks. Meantime,it improved the immune effect of IBDV vaccine.

Preparation of Compound Ban Huang Oral Liquid

[Objectives] To determine the optimal preparation process of compound Ban Huang oral liquid. [Methods] Orthogonal test and other methods were used to optimize the preparation conditions of compound Ban Huang oral liquid. [Results] The optimal conditions determined were as follows: soaking for 12 h,decocting twice with 2 h per time,concentrating filtrate to 1. 18-1. 25 g/m L at 80 ℃,ethanol precipitating twice with ethanol contents of 600 and 750 ml/L,standing for 24 h. [Conclusions] The optimized preparation process is simple,feasible and stable,and can be used for preparing compound Ban Huang oral liquid.

Study of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. in Nuhuang Fuzheng Oral Liquid by Thin Layer Chromatography

[Objectives] To better control the quality of Nuhuang Fuzheng Oral Liquid and study the main component Cuscuta chinensis Lam.by Thin Layer Chromatography. [Methods] Through changing the treatment methods of the test sample solution,proportion of the developing solvent and sample application volume,taking the spot resolution,definition,and Rf value,optimal Thin Layer Chromatography conditions were screened for Cuscuta chinensis Lam. [Results] After the test sample solution passing the neutral alumina column,it was extracted two times using the ethyl acetate. Methanol was added to dissolve. Benzene-ethyl acetate-formic acid( 5∶5∶2.5) was used as developing solvent.And ammonia fumigation was carried out to develop color. In the thin layer chromatograph obtained through these conditions,Nuhuang Fuzheng Oral Liquid test sample solution showed the same stripe in the same position of the control drug chromatogram and there was no obvious tailing phenomenon and the spot was clear. [Conclusions] The thin layer chromatography identification conditions can be used as the method for quality control of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. in Nuhuang Fuzheng Oral Liquid.