In this study,the sperm ultrastructure of three species of Idarnes genus was investigated using light and transmission electron microscopy.Spermatozoon morphology of the three species was similar to that of most Chalc...In this study,the sperm ultrastructure of three species of Idarnes genus was investigated using light and transmission electron microscopy.Spermatozoon morphology of the three species was similar to that of most Chalcidoidea,with helicoidally twisted nucleus and flagellum.The head region consists of an acrosome and a nucleus;the nucleus-flagellum transition region characterized by the presence of mitochondrial derivatives and the centriolar adjunct;a flagellum region,which includes the axoneme with microtubular arrangement 9+9+2 and two mitochondrial derivatives.However,the sperm of these three species exhibit features that discriminate one species from each other:(1)only one species,Idarnes sp.2(carme group)exhibited an extracellular sheath surrounding the anterior portion of the nucleus,which extends to the anterior region of the flagellum,but it did not present filaments;(2)the acrosome in the three species was quite different,Idarnes sp.1 and Idarnes sp.2(carme group)has two compartments(acrosomal and subacrosomal vesicles)while Idarnes sp.3(flavicollis group)has a third compartment(perforatorium);(3)the centriolar adjunct elongated and its location among the mitochondrial derivatives is similar for the three species analyzed;(4)mitochondrial derivatives differ between the species,with triangular(Idarnes sp.1 and sp.3)and elongated or flat shaped(Idarnes sp.2)appearance.These data shows that sperm structure may differ within the same genus and confirms the potential of these cells in phylogenetic and taxonomic analyses in the Chalcidoidea superfamily,as well as in Hymenoptera in general.展开更多
Chalcidoidea is one of the most biologically diverse groups among Hymenoptera.Members are characterized by extraordinary parasitic lifestyles and extensive host ranges,among which several species attack plants or serv...Chalcidoidea is one of the most biologically diverse groups among Hymenoptera.Members are characterized by extraordinary parasitic lifestyles and extensive host ranges,among which several species attack plants or serve as pollinators.However,higher-level chalcidoid relationships remain controversial.Here,we performed mitochondrial phylogenomic analyses for major clades(18out of 25 families)of Chalcidoidea based on 139 mitochondrial genomes.The compositional heterogeneity and conflicting backbone relationships in Chalcidoidea were assessed using various datasets and tree inferences.Our phylogenetic results supported the monophyly of 16families and polyphyly of Aphelinidae and Pteromalidae.Our preferred topology recovered the relationship(Mymaridae+(Signiphoridae+Leucospidae)+(Chalcididae+((Perilampidae+Eucharitidae)+remaining Chalcidoidea))).The monophyly of Agaonidae and Sycophaginae was rejected,while the gall-associated((Megastigmidae+Ormyridae)+(Ormocerinae+Eurytomidae))relationship was supported in most results.A six-gene inversion may be a synapomorphy for most families,whereas other derived gene orders may introduce confusion in phylogenetic signals at deeper nodes.Dating estimates suggested that Chalcidoidea arose near the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary and that two dynamic shifts in diversification occurred during the evolution of Chalcidoidea.We hypothesized that the potential codiversification between chalcidoids and their hosts may be crucial for accelerating the diversification of Chalcidoidea.Ancestral state reconstruction analyses supported the hypothesis that gallinducers were mainly derived from parasitoids of gallinducers,while other gall-inducers were derived from phytophagous groups.Taken together,these findings advance our understanding of mitochondrial genome evolution in the major interfamilial phylogeny of Chalcidoidea.展开更多
Two species of Acerophagus from Yunnan Province, China, are reported. One species, A. ovaliclavus sp. nov., is described as new to science, and one species, A. solidus Hayat is reported as new to China. A key to all d...Two species of Acerophagus from Yunnan Province, China, are reported. One species, A. ovaliclavus sp. nov., is described as new to science, and one species, A. solidus Hayat is reported as new to China. A key to all described species from China based on females is given. All the type materials are deposited in the insect collections of Northeast Forestry University, China.展开更多
基金Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/CNPq(Grant No.302355/2016-2)Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos/FINEP(Grant No.01.08.0457.00)+1 种基金Fundação de AmparoàPesquisa do Distrito Federal/FAPD-DF(Grant No.00193.00000920/2020-23)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior/CAPES(Code 001).
文摘In this study,the sperm ultrastructure of three species of Idarnes genus was investigated using light and transmission electron microscopy.Spermatozoon morphology of the three species was similar to that of most Chalcidoidea,with helicoidally twisted nucleus and flagellum.The head region consists of an acrosome and a nucleus;the nucleus-flagellum transition region characterized by the presence of mitochondrial derivatives and the centriolar adjunct;a flagellum region,which includes the axoneme with microtubular arrangement 9+9+2 and two mitochondrial derivatives.However,the sperm of these three species exhibit features that discriminate one species from each other:(1)only one species,Idarnes sp.2(carme group)exhibited an extracellular sheath surrounding the anterior portion of the nucleus,which extends to the anterior region of the flagellum,but it did not present filaments;(2)the acrosome in the three species was quite different,Idarnes sp.1 and Idarnes sp.2(carme group)has two compartments(acrosomal and subacrosomal vesicles)while Idarnes sp.3(flavicollis group)has a third compartment(perforatorium);(3)the centriolar adjunct elongated and its location among the mitochondrial derivatives is similar for the three species analyzed;(4)mitochondrial derivatives differ between the species,with triangular(Idarnes sp.1 and sp.3)and elongated or flat shaped(Idarnes sp.2)appearance.These data shows that sperm structure may differ within the same genus and confirms the potential of these cells in phylogenetic and taxonomic analyses in the Chalcidoidea superfamily,as well as in Hymenoptera in general.
基金supported by the Key International Joint Research Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31920103005)General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070467)+3 种基金Provincial Key R&D Program of Zhejiang,China(2021C02045)Key Project of Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture(NT2021003)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesSpecial Research Fund for Distinguished Scholars of Zhejiang Province,China(2018R51004)。
文摘Chalcidoidea is one of the most biologically diverse groups among Hymenoptera.Members are characterized by extraordinary parasitic lifestyles and extensive host ranges,among which several species attack plants or serve as pollinators.However,higher-level chalcidoid relationships remain controversial.Here,we performed mitochondrial phylogenomic analyses for major clades(18out of 25 families)of Chalcidoidea based on 139 mitochondrial genomes.The compositional heterogeneity and conflicting backbone relationships in Chalcidoidea were assessed using various datasets and tree inferences.Our phylogenetic results supported the monophyly of 16families and polyphyly of Aphelinidae and Pteromalidae.Our preferred topology recovered the relationship(Mymaridae+(Signiphoridae+Leucospidae)+(Chalcididae+((Perilampidae+Eucharitidae)+remaining Chalcidoidea))).The monophyly of Agaonidae and Sycophaginae was rejected,while the gall-associated((Megastigmidae+Ormyridae)+(Ormocerinae+Eurytomidae))relationship was supported in most results.A six-gene inversion may be a synapomorphy for most families,whereas other derived gene orders may introduce confusion in phylogenetic signals at deeper nodes.Dating estimates suggested that Chalcidoidea arose near the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary and that two dynamic shifts in diversification occurred during the evolution of Chalcidoidea.We hypothesized that the potential codiversification between chalcidoids and their hosts may be crucial for accelerating the diversification of Chalcidoidea.Ancestral state reconstruction analyses supported the hypothesis that gallinducers were mainly derived from parasitoids of gallinducers,while other gall-inducers were derived from phytophagous groups.Taken together,these findings advance our understanding of mitochondrial genome evolution in the major interfamilial phylogeny of Chalcidoidea.
基金This research was funded bythe grants fromthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30330090) ,the National Science FundforFostering Talents in Basic Research(No.NSFC-J0030092)and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Innovation Program(No.KSCX3-IOZ-01)
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31470652)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2572015AA31)
文摘Two species of Acerophagus from Yunnan Province, China, are reported. One species, A. ovaliclavus sp. nov., is described as new to science, and one species, A. solidus Hayat is reported as new to China. A key to all described species from China based on females is given. All the type materials are deposited in the insect collections of Northeast Forestry University, China.
