Sedimentary facies and depositional model of shallow water delta dominated by fluvial for Chang 8 oil-bearing group of Yanchang Formation in southwestern Ordos Basin,China

A systematic analysis of southwestern Ordos Basin's sedimentary characteristics,internal architectural element association styles and depositional model was illustrated through core statistics,well logging data and outcrop observations in Chang 8 oil-bearing group.This analysis indicates that shallow water delta sediments dominated by a fluvial system is the primary sedimentary system of the Chang 8 oil-bearing group of the Yanchang Formation in southwestern Ordos Basin.Four microfacies with fine grain sizes are identified: distributary channels,sheet sandstone,mouth bar and interdistributary fines.According to the sandbody's spatial distribution and internal architecture,two types of sandbody architectural element associations are identified: amalgamated distributary channels and thin-layer lobate sandstone.In this sedimentary system,net-like distributary channels at the delta with a narrow ribbon shape compose the skeleton of the sandbody that extends further into the delta front and shades into contiguous lobate distribution sheet sandstone in the distal delta front.The mouth bar is largely absent in this system.By analyzing the palaeogeomorphology,the palaeostructure background,sedimentary characteristics,sedimentary facies types and spatial distribution of sedimentary facies during the Chang 8 period,a distinctive depositional model of the Chang 8 shallow water fluvial-dominated delta was established,which primarily consists of straight multi-phase amalgamated distributary channels in the delta plain,net-like distributary channels frequently diverting and converging in the proximal delta front,sheet sandstones with dispersing contiguous lobate shapes in the distal delta front,and prodelta or shallow lake mudstones.

Early Cretaceous Climate Changes Recorded in Magnetic Susceptibility and Color Index Variations of the Lower Liupanshan Group, Central China

This study carried out comprehensive analysis on sedimentology, magnetic susceptibility （7of） and color data of the continental sediments of the Liupanshan Group in Central China so as to obtain climatic change information during the 129.14-122.98 Ma interval. Based on the results of the Xlf and of the redness （a＊）, the section can be divided into two segments： （1） 129.14-126.3 Ma, with the lowest Xlf values and strongly variable relatively high values of redness and （2） 126.3-122.98 Ma, with high Elf values and relatively low redness. Analysis of the lithology and facies as well as the magnetic minerals and their contents points to a detrital origin of the magnetic minerals and this allow us to interpret the relationship between magnetic susceptibility variations and climate changes. Our study shows that the climate was significantly dry and hot during the whole studied interval although the interval between 126.3 Ma and 122.98 was a little bit cooler with increased humidity.

Control Factors of Solutional Voids in Feldspars and Favorable Zone Forecast of Chang 2 Oil Reservoir Group in the Midwest Ordos Basin

The development of pores in a clastic reservoir is one of the most important research subjects in oil-gas exploration and development, whereas the many reasons for the formation of secondary porosity have increased the degree of difficulty in such research. Thus the research aims are to discover the controlling factors of solutional voids in feldspars and to predict favorable regions for these voids. Macroscopic and systematic researches into the relationship between the kaolinite content in the feldspar solutional void developed area of the Chang 2 reservoir group of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Midwest Ordos Basin and the solutional void in feldspar have been made, and from this it can be determined that the kaolinite content has an indicative function to the distribution of the solutional void in feldspar. Solutional void in feldspar is relatively well developed at the area where kaolinite content is high. Although the factors affecting kaolinite content are complicated, yet that of the research area is mainly affected by the impact of the leaching atmospheric water acting on the palaeogeomorphology. Three favorable zone belts for the development of solutional voids in feldspars are forecasted on the basis of restoration of palaeogeomorphology.

Closed circle DNA algorithm of change positive-weighted Hamilton circuit problem

Chain length of closed circle DNA is equal. The same closed circle DNA＇s position corresponds to different recognition sequence, and the same recognition sequence corresponds to different foreign DNA segment, so closed circle DNA computing model is generalized. For change positive-weighted Hamilton circuit problem, closed circle DNA algorithm is put forward. First, three groups of DNA encoding are encoded for all arcs, and deck groups are designed for all vertices. All possible solutions are composed. Then, the feasible solutions are filtered out by using group detect experiment, and the optimization solutions are obtained by using group insert experiment and electrophoresis experiment. Finally, all optimization solutions are found by using detect experiment. Complexity of algorithm is concluded and validity of DNA algorithm is explained by an example. Three dominances of the closed circle DNA algorithm are analyzed, and characteristics and dominances of group delete experiment are discussed.

Redefinition of the Odorrana versabilis Group,with a New Species from China(Anura,Ranidae,Odorrana)

Taxonomic studies of the Odorrana versabilis group have been consistently disorganized,and they have often been incorrectly associated with an abandoned subgenus or genus Bamburana in existing literature.In this study,we conducted an integrative taxonomic analysis using molecular phylogenetic analysis of two mitochondrial gene fragments(16S rRNA and CO1)and morphological examination of 41 specimens collected during herpetological surveys in southern China.Our results confirmed the monophyly of O.versabilis group which exhibited distinct morphological traits.We also identified a cryptic lineage sister with O.exiliversabilis.Additionally,our study revealed that O.trankieni was nested within O.nasuta.Consequently,we redefined the morphological characteristics of the O.versabilis group,described a new species in this group,O.confusa sp.nov.,and proposed that O.trankieni be considered a junior synonym of O.nasuta.One of the most significant findings of this study was the observation of distinct morphological changes in adult males across all species within the O.versabilis group between the non-breeding and breeding seasons.This study contributes to research on various aspects of Asian amphibian fauna,including taxonomy,ecology,evolution,and physiology.

Rural coping and adaptation strategies for climate change by Himalayan communities in Nepal

Climate change has major impacts on the livelihoods of forest-dependent communities.The unpredictable weather conditions in rural Nepal have been attributed to a changing climate.This study explored the climate change adaptation and coping strategies that rural communities adopt for the conservation of natural resources and livelihoods in the mid-hills of Nepal.This paper explored major climatic hazards,assessed different coping and adaptation measures,and barrier faced to climate change adaptation based on perceptions by forest-dependent communities.We conducted focus group discussions,questionnaire surveys,and semistructured interviews with local communities and stakeholders.The results showed that rural communities had experienced significant impacts of climate change and variability.In response,they are practicing diverse coping and adaptation strategies,including the construction of bioengineering structures and planting different species that grow quickly and establish promptly.

Assessment of achievements of the Lima Climate Change Conference and perspectives on the future

The Lima call for climate action adopted at the Lima Climate Conference on Climate Change specifies that the principles of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,including the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities,shall apply to the new climate agreement to be adopted at the Paris Conference on Climate Change in 2015.Decisions on other heavily debated items,including the intended nationally determined contributions,were also made at the Lima Conference.The significant achievements in Lima and the positive momentum have laid a solid foundation for the adoption of a new climate agreement in the Paris Climate Conference.Four measures are proposed for China to meet great challenges in addressing climate change beyond 2020,including early formulation and issuance of a climate change law,establishment of a greenhouse gas emission trading scheme,promotion of advanced climate technology investments,and further international engagement for climate change.

Oscillation in Evolution of Cooperation for Addressing Climate Change

Climate protection is a problem of sustaining a public resource. All countries of the world should take action to deal with climate change. However, such an action is actually a game process where each country chooses to cooperate or defect under constrained condition. Here we study the group behavior of countries in dealing with climate change. In our study, the countries of the world are considered as players who are distributed on an assumed spatial network. A new evolution rule is proposed to model the game process among the players. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that under constrained condition, the local psychology of players possibly results in the formation of local group. Some local and global oscillations can be found where part or all of the players change their choices periodically.

Evaluation of reservoir environment by chemical properties of reservoir water‒A case study of Chang 6 reservoir in Ansai oilfield,Ordos Basin,China

The Ordos Basin is the largest continental multi-energy mineral basin in China,which is rich in coal,oil and gas,and uranium resources.The exploitation of mineral resources is closely related to reservoir water.The chemical properties of reservoir water are very important for reservoir evaluation and are significant indicators of the sealing of reservoir oil and gas resources.Therefore,the caprock of the Chang 6 reservoir in the Yanchang Formation was evaluated.The authors tested and analyzed the chemical characteristics of water samples selected from 30 wells in the Chang 6 reservoir of Ansai Oilfield in the Ordos Basin.The results show that the Chang 6 reservoir water in Ansai Oilfield is dominated by calcium-chloride water type with a sodium chloride coefficient of generally less than 0.5.The chloride magnesium coefficients are between 33.7 and 925.5,most of which are greater than 200.The desulfurization coefficients range from 0.21 to 13.4,with an average of 2.227.The carbonate balance coefficients are mainly concentrated below 0.01,with an average of 0.008.The calcium and magnesium coefficients are between 0.08 and 0.003,with an average of 0.01.Combined with the characteristics of the four-corner layout of the reservoir water,the above results show that the graphics are basically consistent.The study indicates that the Chang 6 reservoir in Ansai Oilfield in the Ordos Basin is a favorable block for oil and gas storage with good sealing properties,great preservation conditions of oil and gas,and high pore connectivity.

Effectiveness in Group Facilitation Training in the Hospitality Industry: A Case Study

This paper aims at demonstrating that an acceptable level of performance as a group facilitator can be achieved byhospitality industry managers in a 35-hour course, to a maximum of fourteen trainees, experienced in groupleadership but not in small-group facilitation or large-group coordination. Based on a six-step model fororganizational intervention, the course was run in co-facilitation, using the effect of demonstration, modelling, andobservation to improve performance at individual level. The course represents a mix of organizational behaviourand human resources management that has proved to be effective in preparing managers to improve organizationalinnovation and accelerate change in companies. Each step produced outputs, namely three innovation projects.Participants rated the course in every item of an extensive questionnaire as Good and Very Good, except theintroduction (pre-consult), which was considered “too theoretical”. Therefore, the course model proved to beadequate for the preparation of managers as coaches for organizational innovation in the hospitality industry. As tofuture developments, they will have to do mostly with the functioning of a matrix structure in the hospitality industry,so that the whole approach may have a full impact on the company.

长江梯级水库群联合调度成效、挑战及对策

经过70 a的建设,长江流域控制性水库群基本建成。以三峡水库为核心的梯级水库群联合调度已经开展10 a。在总结控制性水库群在防洪、供水、生态和应急联合调度取得成绩的基础上,分析控制性水库群及与水网工程联合调度面临的问题和挑战,提出了相应的对策建议。研究表明:水库群联合调度因流域防洪调度而启,目前在防洪、抗旱供水、生态环境和应急等公益调度中发挥了重要作用。气候变化及水文中长期预报不确定性是联合调度面临的主要挑战,其次是水库群联合调度与单个水库多目标调度利益协调、定量评价调度效果及合理的补偿等管理问题。加强“四预”是解决气候变化和人类活动不确定性的主要对策。水库群与水网工程联合调度可以更广泛地发挥水利工程水安全保障作用。建立科学合理的水工程群联合调度体制和机制是解决联合调度管理问题的有效措施。

“全球变化生态学”教学改革与实践——以天童国家野外站为依托

“全球变化生态学”是华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院面向生态学专业三年级本科生开设的学科特色课程。课程充分利用浙江天童森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站优质的软、硬教学资源,从教学内容、教学手段和考核方式进行了改革,强调对教学内容的推陈出新,加入了现场教学和小组讨论等教学手段,实施了提交研究计划的课程考核方式。通过实践,强化了学生学科知识认知并提升了学生的创新意识及能力,可以为其他高校相关课程的教学提供借鉴。

姬塬地区长8油层组储层特征分析

为确定长8油层储层现今表征,储层物性受黏土矿物胶结物控制模式,储层沉积作用和沉积后期所经历的成岩变化,通过铸体薄片、扫描电镜等方法研究了储层基本特征和成岩作用及沉积作用,在整体低渗的背景下,部分位于相对渗透率较高区域的油井有较高的产量,理清研究区长8储层富集规律,对地区内岩石孔隙度下降因素进行剖析。结果表明,姬塬地区有利储层多发育水下分流河道和河口坝沉积,特别是砂体中心部位储层物性是最好,可见长8油层组的储集性能和渗流性能好,即粒间孔型、粒间孔+溶孔型和溶孔+粒间孔型。溶孔型、粒间孔+微孔型两种孔隙组合类型的渗流性能较差。微孔型和溶孔+微孔型两种孔隙组合类型的储集空间主要由半径极小的微孔构成,连通性较差,其孔隙内表面积和渗流阻力,储集性能和渗流性能较差。

商周时期图腾崇拜文化变迁与鸟禽类意象群的演化

商周时期的诗人们将远古时代神鸟图腾物中的祖先神之象、物候之象、司马之象、礼仪之象、凶猛之象、阳刚之象、慈祥之象、怪鸟之象、益鸟之象等意象原型,逐渐转换成为现实社会生活中的婚恋之象、贤者之象、政治生态环境之象、社会生活现象之象;同时,他们以“鸒”自由求食之象来象征太子宜臼被废嫡而失位,以捕“雉”之象来象征小人得志而君子罹祸。这些鸟禽类意象以图腾崇拜为前提,原始象征意义变得隐蔽,习惯性联想形式成为显性因素,从而显示出由图腾对象到占卜形式,再到民俗物候乃至审美意义动态变化的发展链条。由于鸟禽意象中融入了作者对自然观察的感受,展现了人们的日常生活场景与政治生态环境,使原始兴象所体现的习惯性联想与象征之间具有更多的相似点。诗人们以此来建立意义与兴象之间的多种关联,自然表现出多种象征意蕴,让读者产生一种感官愉悦之美、心灵愉悦之美与时空意识之美。

Dynamics of a two-group model for assessing the impacts of pre-exposure prophylaxis,testing and risk behaviour change on the spread and control of HIV/AIDS in an MSM population

Although much progress has been made in reducing the public health burden of the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV),which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS),since its emergence in the 1980s(largely due to the large-scale use and availability of potent antiviral therapy,improved diagnostic and intervention and mitigation measures),HIV remains an important public health challenge globally,including in the United States.This study is based on the use of mathematical modeling approaches to assess the population-level impact of pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP),voluntary testing(to detect undetected HIV-infected individuals),and changes in human behavior(with respect to risk structure),on the spread and control of HIV/AIDS in an MSM(men-who-have sex-with-men)population.Specifically,a novel two-group mathematical model,which stratifies the total MSM population based on risk(low or high)of acquisition of HIV infection,is formulated.The model undergoes a PrEP-induced backward bifurcation when the control reproduction number of the model is less than one if the efficacy of PrEP to prevent a high-risk susceptible MSM individual from acquiring HIV infection is not perfect(the consequence of which is that,while necessary,having the reproduction number of the model less than one is no longer sufficient for the elimination of the disease in the MSM population).For the case where the efficacy of PrEP is perfect,this study shows that the disease-free equilibrium of the two-group model is globally-asymptotically stable when the associated control reproduction number of the model is less than one.Global sensitivity analysis was carried out to identify the main parameters of the model that have the highest influence on the value of the control reproduction number of the model(thereby,having the highest influence on the disease burden in the MSM population).Numerical simulations of the model,using a plausible range of parameter values,show that if half of the MSM population considered adhere strictly to the specified PrEP regimen(while other interventions are maintained at their baseline values),a reduction of about 22%of the new yearly HIV cases recorded at the peak of the disease could be averted(compared to the worst-case scenario where PrEP-based intervention is not implemented in the MSM population).The yearly reduction at the peak increases to about 50%if the PrEP coverage in the MSM population increases to 80%.This study showed,based on the parameter values used in the simulations,that the prospects of elimination of HIV/AIDS in the MSM community are promising if high-risk susceptible individuals are no more than 15%more likely to acquire HIV infection,in comparison to their low-risk counterparts.Furthermore,these prospects are significantly improved if undetected HIV-infected individuals are detected within an optimal period of time.

2023:A year of accomplishments for the 13 Science Citation Index Expanded-and Emerging Sources Citation Index-indexed Baishideng journals

In 2023,Baishideng Publishing Group(Baishideng)routinely published 47 openaccess journals,including 46 English-language journals and 1 Chinese-language journal.Our successes were accomplished through the collective dedicated efforts of Baishideng staffs,Editorial Board Members,and Peer Reviewers.Among these 47 Baishideng journals,7 are included in the Science Citation Index Expanded(SCIE)and 6 in the Emerging Sources Citation Index(ESCI).With the support of Baishideng authors,company staffs,Editorial Board Members,and Peer Reviewers,the publication work of 2023 is about to be successfully completed.This editorial summarizes the 2023 activities and accomplishments of the 13 SCIEand ESCI-indexed Baishideng journals,outlines the Baishideng publishing policy changes and additions made this year,and highlights the unique advantages of Baishideng journals.

鄂尔多斯盆地马岭—乔川地区长6油层组油藏分布特征及控制因素

基于岩心观察、测井解释及开采数据分析,结合流体包裹体等测试,对马岭—乔川地区长6油层组的油藏分布特征及控制因素开展研究。研究结果表明,研究区油藏纵向上主要分布在长63油层段,长62、长61油层段含油性显著变差;平面上,长63油层段以L125,B452和L411井区为中心,油藏团块状分布,呈两条带沿北西南东向延伸,油层厚度主要在5~20 m之间,长62、长61油层呈孤立土豆疙瘩状分布,分布规模小。长6油层组油藏以岩性油藏为主,包裹体均一温度集中在70~90℃,荧光以黄褐色为主,结合区域埋藏史分析显示该区油藏充注为晚侏罗世和中-晚白垩世,表现为早期充注。长6油层组烃源岩厚度、距离,砂体砂质碎屑流砂体性质、物性和叠置类型是其形成油气藏的重要影响因素;长63油层段相比长62和长61油层段具有更靠近烃源岩,砂质碎屑流成因砂体分布广、孔渗条件好、叠置厚层砂体类型发育等优势。研究区最为有利油藏的勘探目标为长63油层段Y470,L374,B452等井区附近,有利勘探区面积达到517.28 km 2。

川东地区寒武系洗象池群下段厚层白云岩特征及成因

四川盆地东部寒武系洗象池群厚层白云岩分布广泛,具有勘探潜力。文中以川东地区南川三泉洗象池群野外剖面为研究对象,基于其岩石学、沉积学、岩石地球化学和矿物学特征,分析其在沉积旋回中的变化,探讨白云岩化流体性质、来源与迁移路径。结果表明:洗象池群白云岩阴极发光弱,δ^(13)C,^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr值与洗象池群同期海水区间重叠,表明白云岩化流体来源于同期海水,白云岩化作用发生在准同生—浅埋藏时期;岩石地球化学和矿物学特征与沉积旋回具有相关性,在向上变浅的旋回中,白云石含量、化学计量数和δ^(18)O升高,有序度降低,表明随相对海平面下降,白云岩化流体的温度、盐度和Mg/Ca值升高,旋回顶部白云岩化程度高;相对海平面较高时,研究区西北侧潟湖中的咸化海水穿过刚形成不久的泥晶灰岩和先期形成的孔渗性好的颗粒灰/白云岩,发生以横向远源渗透回流为主的白云岩化作用;随着相对海平面逐渐下降,潟湖水体循环逐渐变差、盐度升高,潮间—潮下带古地貌高地处形成颗粒灰岩,发生暴露溶蚀;暴露区域经波浪和潮汐作用带来潟湖中的咸化海水,白云岩化流体向下流动,发生以垂向近源渗透回流为主的白云岩化作用;多期横向远源和垂向近源渗透回流白云岩化事件持续叠加,形成川东洗象池群下段潮间—潮下带厚层白云岩。