Structural Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Carbon Emission Spatial Association Network:A Case Study of Yangtze River Delta City Cluster,China

City cluster is an effective platform for encouraging regionally coordinated development.Coordinated reduction of carbon emissions within city cluster via the spatial association network between cities can help coordinate the regional carbon emission management,realize sustainable development,and assist China in achieving the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.This paper applies the improved gravity model and social network analysis(SNA)to the study of spatial correlation of carbon emissions in city clusters and analyzes the structural characteristics of the spatial correlation network of carbon emissions in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)city cluster in China and its influencing factors.The results demonstrate that:1)the spatial association of carbon emissions in the YRD city cluster exhibits a typical and complex multi-threaded network structure.The network association number and density show an upward trend,indicating closer spatial association between cities,but their values remain generally low.Meanwhile,the network hierarchy and network efficiency show a downward trend but remain high.2)The spatial association network of carbon emissions in the YRD city cluster shows an obvious‘core-edge’distribution pattern.The network is centered around Shanghai,Suzhou and Wuxi,all of which play the role of‘bridges’,while cities such as Zhoushan,Ma'anshan,Tongling and other cities characterized by the remote location,single transportation mode or lower economic level are positioned at the edge of the network.3)Geographic proximity,varying levels of economic development,different industrial structures,degrees of urbanization,levels of technological innovation,energy intensities and environmental regulation are important influencing factors on the spatial association of within the YRD city cluster.Finally,policy implications are provided from four aspects:government macro-control and market mechanism guidance,structural characteristics of the‘core-edge’network,reconfiguration and optimization of the spatial layout of the YRD city cluster,and the application of advanced technologies.

Comprehensive Measurement for Carrying Capacity of Resources and Environment of City Clusters in Central China

Studying the carrying capacity of resources and environment of city clusters in the central China has important practical guidance significance for promoting the healthy, sustainable and stable development of this region. According to their influencing factors and reciprocity mechanism, using system dynamics approaches, this paper built a SD model for measuring the carrying capacity of resources and environment of the city clusters in the central China, and through setting different development models, the comprehensive measurement analysis on the carrying capacity was carried out. The results show that the model of promoting socio-economic development under the protection of resources and environment is the optimal model for promoting the harmony development of resources, environment, society and economy in the city clusters. According to this model, the optimum population scale of the city clusters in 2020 is 42.80×106 persons, and the moderate economic development scale is 22.055×1012 yuan (RMB). In 1996-2020, the carrying capacity of resources and environment in the city clusters took on obvious phase-change characteristics. During the studied period, it is basically at the initial development stage, and will come through the development process from slow development to speedup development.

Issues of Eco-agricultural Industrialization for Big Qinling Eco-city Cluster

Firstly,the necessities of ecological agriculture development in Big Qinling Eco-city Cluster were discussed.Then,condition endowment of eco-agricultural industrialization in Big Qinling Eco-city Cluster was analyzed from the aspects of basic conditions and differential endowment of eco-agricultural industrialization.Finally,specific forms and functional orientation of eco-agriculture were pointed out.Countermeasures for the eco-agricultural industrialization in Big Qinling Eco-city Cluster were put forward.Firstly,the government guidance and the media publicity should be strengthened.Secondly,financial support for the eco-agricultural industrialization in Big Qinling Eco-city Cluster should be enhanced.Thirdly,branding strategies of eco-agricultural products in Big Qinling Eco-city Cluster should be implemented as soon as possible.

Order Exponential Evaluation Model for Road Traffic Safety in City Clusters

This study presents an order exponential model for estimating road traffic safety in city clusters.The proposed model introduces the traffic flow intrinsic properties and uses the characteristics and regular patterns of traffic development to identify road traffic safety levels in city clusters.Additionally,an evaluation index system of city cluster road traffic safety was constructed based on the spatial and temporal distribution.Then Order Exponential Evaluation Model(OEEM),a comprehensive model using order exponent function for road traffic safety evaluation,was put forward,which considers the main characteristics and the generation process of traffic accidents.The model effectively controlled the unsafe behavior of the traffic system.It could define the levels of city cluster road traffic safety and dynamically detect road safety risk.The proposed model was verified with statistical data from three Chinese city clusters by comparing the common model for road traffic safety with an ideal model.The results indicate that the order exponent approach undertaken in this study can be extended and applied to other research topics and fields.

Evaluation of carrying capacity of city clusters in China with the example of the Blue Economic Zone of Shandong Peninsula

The conflict between city development and urban carrying capacity is getting ever prominent.In order to study and predict the restriction factors and prominent problems in the development of the Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone as well as promote the transfer of economic development pattern in this region,this study starts from four single factor carrying capacity indicators of water,earth,transportation and environment in the city and its comprehensive carrying capacity indicator,evaluates and analyzes its carrying capacity and then papooses policy suggestions for improving its carrying capacity.

Research on the Joint Development of Cities of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area: A Case Study of Foshan City

Promoting the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is a major policy decision and national strategy made by the central government of China,which significantly supports the Belt and Road Initiative and maintains the long-term prosperity for the whole country.As an important part of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,Foshan needs to find its own position and direction in order to accelerate the joint development with other cities through five measures.

Development Status and Policy Path of Cultivating Marine Bio-industry Cluster in Zhanjiang City

Cultivating the marine bio-industry cluster is a key industrial strategy for Zhanjiang to seize the manufacturing position of Guangdong's marine economy. By deconstructing the overall scale,characteristics and industrial composition of marine bio-industry cluster and the development status of the industrial parks and bases in Zhanjiang,the resource misallocation coefficient was used to analyze the problems in the marine bio-industry cluster and the resource allocation in Zhanjiang. It is found that in the cultivation of the marine bio-industry cluster in Zhanjiang,the leading effect of leading enterprises needs to be upgraded,the key technologies needs to be broken,the scientific and technological service system needs to be improved,and policy support needs to be strengthened. Moreover,there are serious resource misallocation and high efficiency losses. By optimizing resource allocation,the healthy development of cultivation of marine bio-industry cluster in Zhanjiang will be promoted. To this end,the policy paths that the government can implement are as follows: improving the market access system to appropriately guide medium and small-sized marine enterprises to enter the marine bio-industry,inspiring the marine bio-industry market demand with the industrialization of innovation results as the guide,improving the legal guarantee system to create an innovative atmosphere for the marine bio-industry,and promoting the deepening of the division of labor in the industrial parks.

An Overview of Smart City in China

The year of 2013 is considered the first year of smart city in China. With the development of informationization and urbanization in China, city diseases(traffic jam, medical problem and unbalanced education) are more and more apparent. Smart city is the key to solving these diseases. This paper presents the overall smart city development in China in term of market scale and development stages, the technology standards, and industry layout. The paper claims that the issues and challenges facing smart city development in China and proposes to make polices to support smart city development.

Empirical Analysis on the Rural Urbanization Development in Luoyang City,China

Development status of rural urbanization in Luoyang City is introduced.A total of 6 indices are selected,such as total households in townships,total population in townships,total grain output,financial budget income,balance of savings deposits at the end of the year,and per capita net income of farmers.According to the data in 2009 Luoyang Statistical Yearbook,cluster analysis of 53 designated towns is carried out.Result shows that 53 designated towns are divided into 4 types according to the economic strength.Problems in the development of rural urbanization in Luoyang City are analyzed,such as imperfect management system,lack of effective economic measures,irrational town layout,unbalanced regional development,inadequate urban infrastructure,limited population absorption,lack of main industry in small towns,insufficient development capital,serious environmental pollution,and great pressure on environmental protection of towns.Countermeasures for the development of rural urbanization in Luoyang City are put forward.For instance,judging from the dynamic mechanism,Luoyang City should gradually change its dynamic mechanism of urbanization into socialist market system.Judging from the scale of town,Luoyang City should actively develop the central city and cultivate strong counties and key towns.Judging from the function of town,Luoyang should select a special urban development mode with its own characteristics for its development of rural urbanization.

Cluster Development of Zhengzhou Urban Agriculture Based on Diamond Model

Based on basic theory of Diamond Model,this paper analyzes the competitive power of Zhengzhou urban agriculture from production factors,demand conditions,related and supporting industries,business strategies and structure,and horizontal competition.In line with these situations,it introduces that the cluster development is an effective approach to lifting competitive power of Zhengzhou urban agriculture.Finally,it presents following countermeasures and suggestions:optimize spatial distribution for cluster development of urban agriculture;cultivate leading enterprises and optimize organizational form of urban agriculture;energetically develop low-carbon agriculture to create favorable ecological environment for cluster development of urban agriculture.

Towards Urban Resource Flow Estimates in Data Scarce Environments: The Case of African Cities

Data sourcing challenges in African nations have led many African urban infrastructure developments to be implemented with minimal scientific backing to support their success. In some cases this may directly impact a city’s ability to reach service delivery, economic growth and human development goals, let alone the city’s ability to protect ecosystem services upon which it relies. As an attempt to fill this gap, this paper describes an exploratory process used to determine city-level demographic, economic and resource flow data for African nations. The approach makes use of scaling and clustering techniques to form acceptable and utilizable representations of selected African cities. Variables that may serve as the strongest predictors for resource consumption intensity in African nations and cities were explored, in particular, the aspects of the Koppen Climate Zones, estimates of average urban income and GDP, and the influence of urban primacy. It is expected that the approach examined will provide a step towards estimating and understanding African cities and their resource profiles.

Research on Traffic Accessibility and Transportation Integration Level of Chang-Zhu-Tan City Group in China

Aiming at the problem of lack of data model to analyze the level of transportation integration, the paper taking Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group of China as the research object, based on the Gravity measurement model, transportation comprehensive distance model, weighted road density model, analysis of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group accessibility and transportation integration level. A new method to measure the level of traffic integration is proposed and verified by the road network data and socio-economic data of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group. The results show that: Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group traffic accessibility was “point to surface” shape distribution, taking the core region of Changsha as the optimal, Xiangtan, Zhuzhou, Changsha County next, in remote Yanling County, Chaling county has the lowest accessibility;the correlation between traffic network connection degree and economic connection degree reached 0.871, indicating that the transportation integration level of urban agglomerations has a high degree of fit with the level of economic integration. The research results on the one hand for the Chang-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration traffic present situation to make an annotation;on the other hand, that provide a reference for further optimization of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration traffic planning.

An Innovative City： Impact of Innovations on City Development

The process of innovative development is stimulated by cities as centers of accumulated （regional） growth and innovative enterprises as elements of urban space. Cities stimulate innovations by creating a specific demand for innovations and innovative products as well as specific incentives such as preferable conditions for creation, accumulation, usage, and exchange of knowledge and information. Diffusion of ideas has an impact on changes in environment resulting in increase in dynamics of innovation, which means possibilities of innovative development for local firms. The paper highlights the idea of an innovative city with respect to the impact of innovations on city development. The concept of an innovative city is not clearly defined because the interpretation of innovation is differentiated and ambiguous except for common denominator of the novelty. The paper underlines the role of city＇s environment for innovations＇ creation acting as an incubator for clusters of firms, particularly those engaged in the process of high-tech involvement （technology parks）. The option of an innovative city approach presented here is the author＇s view on an innovative city＇s growth and it is based on the role of synergic interaction between innovative firms as elements of a city space and an innovative city itself.

Design Strategies of Urban Cluster Based on the Concept of Green Transportation

Taking the planning practice of green transportation in Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city as an example,the key factors and design strategies for its healthy development were summarized from the aspects of the coordination of land use and traffic development,the development of the public transport plus slow traffic model,and the development of reasonable and humanized traffic management measures,through analyzing the connotation and scale of green cluster.In addition,the design strategies of the green transportation concept suitable for the development of urban clusters represented by Guangming New District in Shenzhen were proposed,so as to provide a reference for promoting better the coordinated development of green traffic and cities,and maximizing the economic,social and environmental benefits of green transportation development.

城市群规划实施效果评估研究——以长株潭城市群为例

长株潭城市群经济发展对于湖南省以及中国中西部地区的发展至关重要,且该城市群规划实施的效果对其他城市群有重要借鉴意义。基于此,文章根据2000-2017年地级市面板数据,采用合成控制法,评估长株潭城市群规划实施后对城镇化和环境质量的影响。评估分析表明,长株潭城市群规划的实施推动了城市群城乡融合,在一定程度上促进了城镇化的进程,但对环境造成了一定的负面影响,其原因在于长株潭城市群内城市之间的非均衡发展。因此,城市群应着眼于制定合理规划,促进城市均衡发展,重点落实城乡融合和生态文明;各级政府应加强公共治理,强化监督和治理责任,以更好地实现城市群规划的既定目标。

Evaluating Cities’Independent Innovation Capabilities Based on Patent Using Data Analysis Methods

City innovation ability evaluation is becoming an important research field these days.The quantity and quality of patent that a city owns as well as the capability of managing patent institution indicate urban technological innovation ability and core competence.In this work,starting from patent analysis point of view,we construct urban technological innovation ability evaluation system.Factor analysis method is applied to 15 vice-provincial cities in China to analysis the collected patent data samples and a demonstration research is indicated upon the experimental results.Experimental results show that the littoral cities in south China have distinct advantages over the others in innovation activity,innovation capability,and innovation livability and innovation contribution.In the meantime,some old industrial bases own superiority in innovation cooperation and potential.

金融要素集聚的绿色创新效应:空间关联特征与城市群异质性

区域绿色技术创新体系建设是经济绿色转型的重要基础,而金融要素空间集聚则充当着科技创新活动的重要加速器。现有文献围绕着金融要素集聚和绿色技术创新两条主线展开广泛讨论,也关注到金融要素集聚所内生的绿色创新效应,但较少基于城市群这一新时期区域协同发展的新型空间载体,系统考察两者的空间关联效应及其区域异质性特征。因此,选取国内十大代表性城市群,对其内部金融要素集聚和绿色技术创新的时空演变轨迹和空间关联异质性进行多维度诊断。研究发现:第一,金融要素集聚有助于通过各种空间效应加速城市群内部的绿色金融发展,进而正向驱动区域绿色技术创新水平的提升;第二,城市群范围内的金融要素集聚不仅会对区域绿色技术创新产生明显的本地促进效应,也会同时形成显著的空间溢出效果;第三,金融要素集聚对于绿色技术创新的空间效应还会受到城市群金融集聚模式、行政层级特征、经济发展状况等因素制约。有鉴于此,区域协同发展过程中,应围绕城市群发展定位构建差异化的金融要素集聚模式,因之打造契合于不同城市群现实约束的绿色金融服务体系和绿色技术创新体系;同时深度挖掘金融要素集聚对于绿色金融发展和绿色技术创新的空间传导效应及其异质性特征,推动金融改革和绿色发展的有效空间互动。

黄河流域乡村集群的空间协同发展路径——以黄河滨州段为例

立足于黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展、乡村振兴国家战略在山东的地域性实践背景,基于对黄河流域乡村集群的空间协同发展路径研究,阐释乡村集群的概念并归纳沿黄乡村集群特征,从黄河流域乡村的发展壁垒入手,将乡村集群类型划分为城乡融合型、带状集聚型、组团提升型等3种集群空间模式,提出统筹体系架构与空间优化两层面的协同路径。随后,以《滨州市黄河沿岸国土空间规划》为例,以229个村庄为样本,构建由城乡融合示范区、特色集聚段、门户提升段构成的“一区三段”乡村集群空间格局,提出“尺度嵌合、显隐结合、城乡融合”的空间协同路径,以及空间多尺度的分类传导和规划多嵌套的分级传导体系,以期为黄河流域乡村高质量发展提供可参考的路径模式。

宜荆荆恩森林城市群建设的总体布局研究

宜昌市、荆州市、荆门市和恩施州构成的宜荆荆恩城市群是湖北省三大城市群之一,也是长江经济带上重要的生态安全屏障区,开展森林城市群建设对促进区域生态、经济、社会和文化协同发展具有重要意义。文章分析了宜荆荆恩城市群生态安全格局、森林湿地资源、生态产业发展、生物多样性保护等现状,从城市群尺度指出存在的问题和发展需求;在此基础上,提出“山区强四库,平原织两网,城乡提三景,全域筑四链”的宜荆荆恩森林城市群总体建设布局,并阐述具体的建设内容。

城市群型自创区创新共同体的建构基础与策略

创新共同体作为促进跨区域创新体系建设的有效途径,已成为城市群型自创区引领区域均衡发展和跨界协同创新的重要模式,其建构基础决定着自创区的创新路径选择与突破重点。结合城市群型自创区创新共同体的基本内涵与运行结构,设计涵盖自主创新力、协同配置力、效益贡献力和国际竞争力的“四力”评价体系,运用全局熵值法和耦合协调度模型测度我国8个城市群型自创区41个核心园区的“四力”耦合协调水平。结果表明:核心园区“四力”耦合协调水平整体呈结构稳定的偏态分布,板块间差异显著且趋势向好;自创区“四力”两极分化且优势各异。随后基于Dagum基尼系数揭示创新共同体建构基础的组内和组间差异,并对差异性溯源分析。组内差异显示:覆盖核心园区越多,协同创新难度越大;核心园区非均衡异化,差异性变动反差明显。组间差异显示:创新共同体建构基础表现出奋力争先、震荡纠缠、低速稳健、成长禁锢4种类型。基于此,从创新动力、协同配置、效益输出、国际竞争等方面提出创新共同体建构策略,以期为打造高质量紧密型创新生态圈提供参考。