Nondestructive Testing and Characterization of Residual Stress Field Using an Ultrasonic Method

To address the difficulty in testing and calibrating the stress gradient in the depth direction of mechanical components, a new technology of nondestructive testing and characterization of the residual stress gradient field by ultrasonic method is proposed based on acoustoelasticity theory. By carrying out theoretical analysis, the sensitivity coefficients of different types of ultrasonic are obtained by taking the low carbon steel（12%C） as a research object. By fixing the interval distance between sending and receiving transducers, the mathematical expressions of the change of stress and the variation of time are established. To design one sending-one receiving and oblique incidence ultrasonic detection probes, according to Snell law, the critically refracted longitudinal wave（LCR wave） is excited at a certain depth of the fixed distance of the tested components. Then, the relationship between the depth of LCR wave detection and the center frequency of the probe in Q235 steel is obtained through experimental study. To detect the stress gradient in the depth direction, a stress gradient LCR wave detection model is established, through which the stress gradient formula is derived by the relationship between center frequency and detecting depth. A C-shaped stress specimen of Q235 steel is designed to conduct stress loading tests, and the stress is measured with the five group probes at different center frequencies. The accuracy of ultrasonic testing is verified by X-ray stress analyzer. The stress value of each specific depth is calculated using the stress gradient formula. Accordingly, the ultrasonic characterization of residual stress field is realized. Characterization results show that the stress gradient distribution is consistent with the simulation in ANSYS. The new technology can be widely applied in the detection of the residual stress gradient field caused by mechanical processing, such as welding and shot peening.

Magnetic field characteristics analysis of a single assembled magnetic medium using ANSYS software

The section shape of an assembled magnetic medium is the most important structural parameter of a high gradient magnetic separator, which directly affects the induction distribution and magnetic field gradient of the magnetic separator. In this study, equilateral triangle, square, hexagonal, octagon, dodecagon, and round shape sections of the assembled magnetic medium are chosen to study their influence on magnetic field distribution characteristics using the ANSYS analysis. This paper utilizes a single assembled magnetic medium to understand the relationship between the geometry of the assembled magnetic medium and its magnetic field distribution characteristics. The results show that high magnetic field,regional field, magnetic field gradient, and magnetic force formed by the different sections of the assembled magnetic medium in the same background magnetic field reduce in turn based on the triangle,square, hexagonal, octagon, dodecagon, and round. Based on the magnetic field characteristics analytic results, the magnetic separation tests of the ilmenite are carried out. The results indicate that the section shape of the toothed plate compared with the section shape of cylinder can improve the recovery of ilmenite up to 45% in the same magnetizing current condition of 2A, which is consistent with magnetic field characteristics analysis of different assembled magnetic medium section shapes.

On Fielding's Characterization in “Tom Jones” and His Writing Philosophy

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地理信息智能技术发展分析

进入21世纪,智能化成为科技革命发展的主要方向,大数据、物联网、云计算和人工智能等技术更与各行各业加速融合,一个领域如果缺乏对智能的认知和实践,未来可能会在发展中没有足够动力。地理信息是时空框架的描述者、建立者与服务者,在多领域信息融合、无人化导航服务中,发挥着重要作用。本文从系统理论、高精度时空基准、全域感知、智能处理、高清刻画表达、智慧服务6个方面,梳理了地理信息相关智能技术,对比了国内外发展现状与差距,总结竞争发展的焦点,为地理信息领域智能化发展提供参考和借鉴。

碳纤维复合材料激光辐照温度场分布规律仿真

基于碳纤维复合材料激光辐照理论,应用有限元方法,开展了碳纤维复合材料激光辐照温度场仿真分析。首先,研究了碳纤维复合材料激光辐照温度场分布规律,建立了不同位置线上的温度场表征方程,定量分析了辐照表面温度变化规律,并通过文献数据验证了有限元模型的有效性。然后,基于该模型,探究了复合材料板材不同铺层方向、不同光斑直径和不同激光功率下的温度场变化规律。结果表明:在不同铺层方向下,热影响区为椭圆形,[0]_(16)和[0/90]_(4S)板材的长轴方向为碳纤维0°铺层方向,而[45/90/-45/0]_(2S)板材的长轴方向为碳纤维45°铺层方向,且三者最高温度均约为1830℃;当光斑直径分别为6 mm、10 mm和14 mm时,热影响区面积逐步增大,而中心最高温度逐步降低,整个过程中最高温度分别为3347℃、2401℃和1838℃;在200 W、400 W和600 W激光功率下,板材中心温度随激光功率增大而增大,中心点最高温度分别为1750℃、2401℃和2789℃。

面向下一代网络的近场通信:理论、应用与挑战

从电磁理论出发,分析了近场通信不可忽视的电磁特性和波束特性,以及对现有通信系统性能的影响。利用近场效应,阐释了几种典型近场应用场景以及如何实现更高的性能指标。最后,为实现近场通信容量的提升,介绍了一些实现方法与架构,并对近场信道估计的两种技术进行展望,指出了未来研究方向。本研究可为未来近场通信的研究提供参考。

智慧地热田技术研究现状与系统构建方案

针对地热开发中智能化技术应用面临的关键难题,构建了地热开发智能化应用场景,总结并分析了各场景下智能化技术研究现状和存在的挑战,提出智慧地热田系统构建方案。智慧地热田是地热开发工程与人工智能等先进技术的有机融合。目前智慧地热田技术尚处在探索阶段,在热储智能表征、热储动态智能仿真、开发方案智能优化和地热开发智慧管理等应用场景下开展了探索应用,但仍面临计算成本高、实时响应困难、结果多解且模型依赖性强、动态多约束实时优化难度大以及多源数据深度融合难等诸多问题。由此提出智慧地热田系统的构建方案:智慧地热田系统由全量数据库、智能表征、智能仿真和智能优化调控等模块构成,不同模块之间通过数据传递、模型交互建立联系。下一阶段需着力于智慧地热田系统各模块基础理论和关键技术攻关,加快地热开发利用全生命周期智能化转型,促进地热资源智能、稳定、长效、最优、安全生产。

有机-有机界面效应的原位及非原位研究

有机-有机异质结构已被广泛应用于各种有机电子器件,包括有机发光二极管(OLEDs)、有机场效应晶体管(OFETs)和有机太阳能电池等。全面理解有机-有机异质结构的界面效应,对于器件的设计和性能优化具有重要意义。然而由于有机半导体具有多样的化学特性以及分子间较弱的范德华力,界面电荷传输特性与有机-有机电子结构、环境气氛等密切相关。在此,我们报道了随着顶层半导体并五苯(pentacene)的沉积,并五苯/酞菁氧钒(VOPc)异质结构的原位实时电学性能监测。结果显示,异质结构晶体管的p型迁移率从0.4 cm2∙V−1∙s^(−1)下降至0.2 cm2∙V−1∙s^(−1),而n型迁移率从0.01 cm2∙V−1∙s^(−1)迅速增加至约0.9 cm2∙V−1∙s^(−1)。这种n型输运行为的增强归因于pentacene向VOPc的界面电子转移效应以及由此导致的VOPc层中陷阱态的填充。此外,非原位实验对比表明,当晶体管制备过程暴露于大气时会明显抑制这种界面电荷转移效应,导致沉积pentacene后n型输运几乎没有得到改善。薄膜形态、开尔文探针力显微镜(KPFM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)的结果表明,界面处存在从pentacene到VOPc的电子转移。进一步的密度泛函理论(DFT)计算表明,由于pentacene/VOPc之间较强的相互作用,pentacene往VOPc的电荷转移量约为0.15 e。此外,O_(2)/H2O的存在会抑制这种界面电荷转移效应,这与我们的实验结果一致。本研究通过原位电学表征对有机-有机界面之间的电荷转移效应给出了深入解释,有利于进一步的器件性能优化及界面效应分析。

海水激活电池电解液流道特性分析及结构优化

作为无人水下航行器(UUV)的重要组成部分,动力电池一直是UUV负载设备及动力系统正常工作和性能提升的主要影响因素,动力电池的发展是未来UUV更新换代的关键。选取海水激活电池作为研究对象,针对海水激活电池在主流场内海水流动均匀性差、电化学反应不充分等问题,基于Ansys Fluent对不同流量下电解液流道内部流场的流动特性进行仿真计算,根据分析结果对流道结构进行优化。对比电解液流道结构优化前后流动特性发现,流道结构优化后的电解液流道入口及出口支流道内压力变化小,且电极板主流场压力梯度明显变缓;进液口各支流道速度差变小,电极板主流场低速区的流速增大,流速最大峰谷距降低53%;电极板流场内漩涡变小且回流范围缩小,流速不均匀面积明显减小。

拉曼光谱在碳纤维增强复合材料性能研究中的应用

碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)因其高强度、高模量、轻质化、耐腐蚀等卓越性能,在航空航天领域中的应用日趋广泛。CFRP的生产工艺、服役环境会对CFRP的微观结构造成影响,从而改变其拉伸、剪切等力学性能、界面性能以及热电性能。为了提升CFRP的结构稳定性,保证其性能和服役安全性,对CFRP进行原位、无损的微观结构检测,损伤识别与监测工作具有重要意义。拉曼光谱法作为一种高分辨率、非破坏性的检测技术,能够用于碳纤维取向、结晶度以及界面相互作用等微观结构特性的测试表征,继而评估材料的组分、缺陷、变形等情况。该文概述了CFRP在航空航天领域减轻飞行器重量、吸收电磁波等方面的应用优势,总结了拉曼光谱用于CFRP结构表征、力学性能和热电性能研究、高温损伤过程研究的场景和原理,以及使用拉曼光谱分析检测CFRP时的注意事项,以期为CFRP在航空航天领域的性能优化、质量保证、服役行为监控等方面提供理论支持和实践指导。

基于GA-LM算法的材料磁特性模型特征参数辨识及变压器振动特性分析

针对油浸式变压器的安全稳定运行问题,提出一种基于多物理耦合的油浸式变压器振动计算方法。首先,基于经典J-A磁滞理论建立模型,结合实验测量数据进行参数辨识,采用遗传-最小二乘优化算法获得模型的特征参数。在此基础上,基于有限元仿真软件,建立电磁-结构多物理场耦合模型,并将辨识得到的特征参数带入模型中进行计算,得到油浸式变压器正常工况下的磁场分布和振动位移分布,为油浸式变压器振动的准确计算提供依据。

基于字段感知的文本协议灰盒模糊测试方法

基于变异的灰盒协议模糊测试方法使用便捷、可扩展性好,但缺乏协议报文格式信息,只能对报文整体进行变异以产生测试用例,导致生成的大部分测试报文会被被测协议实现直接拒绝,严重影响测试效率。针对这一问题,提出了基于字段感知的文本协议模糊测试方法。该方法在基于变异的协议模糊测试中加入了模板学习的概念,使用分隔符划分报文字段,使用字段字典获取每个字段的合法取值;然后,针对划分后的报文,设计了多种字段级的变异策略,并根据每个字段可能的取值数量和覆盖率反馈计算相应的字段变异能量;此外,还利用对报文进行字段划分的结果,对被测协议实现的状态进行更细粒度的刻画。实验结果表明,该方法可以提高经典的基于变异的协议模糊测试框架AFLNET产生的可被被测协议实现接受的测试用例的比例,进而将测试效率提高到5倍以上。这表明基于变异的协议模糊测试方法普遍存在的可被接受的测试用例比例过低的问题确实会影响最终的测试效率,改善测试用例的被接受率可以大幅提高测试效率。

基于交流电磁场的高铁钢轨表面裂纹无损检测研究及展望

针对高铁钢轨表面产生滚动接触疲劳(RCF)裂纹导致对钢轨带来危害的问题,本文分析了钢轨表面滚动接触疲劳裂纹的形成机理及扩展规律,系统归纳了高铁裂纹的无损检测与表征方法。聚焦于交流电磁场检测(ACFM)技术,重点研究了ACFM技术发展及研究现状、理论研究成果以及存在的问题,综述了ACFM技术的特点及应用,通过与其他无损检测方法进行分析比较,阐述了ACFM测量法对钢轨表面裂纹的精准量化表征的优势。结果表明:ACFM探针传感器沿45°方向扫描,通过结合ACFM信号补偿量算法可将非均匀裂纹口袋深度误差降到5.5%,垂直深度误差降到7.1%,裂纹簇误差减小到7.1%;经过人工神经网络训练对钢轨RCF裂纹尺寸进行精准表征,最终计算的误差在10%以内。进一步讨论了融合人工智能技术的钢轨表面裂纹无损检测技术的发展趋势,为后续ACFM技术对钢轨表面RCF裂纹的检测和表征研究提出相关建议和展望。

面向电子装备领域的标准数字化探索应用

针对数字化转型过程中传统纸质或影印标准文件难以满足标准知识的实时性、准确性、关联性、对比性以及快速响应的获取需求,结合典型电子装备领域行业标准文件,采用TF-IDF和余弦相似度计算方法对标准文本进行词频统计及关联性分析,构建电子装备领域词表;然后利用基于规则和BERT-BiLSTM-CRF模型完成了分层知识抽取,采用Neo4j图数据库构建了电子装备领域知识图谱;最后设计了电子装备领域知识图谱应用系统架构、功能模块以及应用原型系统界面,为电子装备领域标准数字化的应用提供了解决方案和思路.

Three-Dimensional Modelling of a Multi-Layer Sandstone Reservoir： the Sebei Gas Field, China

Multi-layer sandstone reservoirs occur globally and are currently in international production. The 3D characteristics of these reservoirs are too complicated to be accurately delineated by general structural-facies-reservoir modelling. In view of the special geological features, such as the vertical architecture of sandstone and mudstone interbeds, the lateral stable sedimentation and the strong heterogeneity of reservoir poroperm and fluid distribution, we developed a new three-stage and six-phase procedure for 3D characterization of multi-layer sandstone reservoirs. The procedure comprises two-phase structural modelling, two-phase facies modelling and modelling of two types of reservoir properties. Using this procedure, we established models of the formation structure, sand body structure and microfacies, reservoir facies and properties including porosity, permeability and gas saturation and provided a 3D fine-scale, systematic characterization of the Sebei multi-layer sandstone gas field, China. This new procedure, validated by the Sebei gas field, can be applied to characterize similar multi-layer sandstone reservoirs.

Effects of High-voltage Pulse Electric Field Treatment on the Structure Stability of Konjac Glucomannan

Structures of KGM treated in two high-voltage pulse electric fields were characterized by infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction and so on.The results showed that intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions of KGM were reduced after being treated with high-voltage pulse electric field,but there was no significant effect on its fiber chain form and thermal characteristics.Results of the study can provide a useful reference for further study on the structure and property of KGM,and especially can provide theoretical basis for the effect of physical field on the foodstuff deep processing related to KGM.

柳江盆地二叠系山西组露头致密砂岩储层非均质性表征方法

为了深入研究致密砂岩露头储层的非均质性,解决致密砂岩储层非均质性影响因素多、综合定量表征储层非均质性难度大的问题,对柳江盆地二叠系山西组露头储层进行了系统化密集采样。利用地质统计分析、样品实验分析和显微镜薄片观察等方法,确定了致密砂岩储层各项性质及相关定量数据。同时基于洛伦兹曲线理论分析处理数据,运用层次分析法确定了渗透率、孔隙度、面孔率、填隙物含量和粒度等影响因素的权重,提出了综合定量表征致密砂岩储层非均质性的方法。研究表明,靶区山西组露头致密砂岩为强非均质性储层,区域垂直层面和平行层面的孔、渗特征近乎一致。孔隙度与渗透率之间的差相关性表明,基于突进系数、变异系数和级差等参数的传统非均质性评价方法不适用于致密砂岩储层。用新方法得到的结果比传统仅基于渗透率指标所构建的参数能更好地反映致密岩储层和非均质性。该方法也适用于其他类型非常规储层的非均质性评价。

Well Log Petrophysics of the Cretaceous Pay Zones in Zubair Field, Basrah, South Iraq

Discovered in 1949 with a rate of (195,000) bbl/day from pay zones in Mishrif and Zubair Formation, the expected production of Zubair field is anticipated to be 1125 million bbl/day. Despite this production history, there is a major deficiency in detailed petrophysical analysis of the producing zones. In the present study well log data of 7 wells, selected from numerous wells, are investigated in details to examine the reservoir properties and characterize the reservoir architecture. The petrophysical analysis of Mishrif Formation indicated two or three pay zones. Lithologically, all zones of Mishrif Formation are dominantly clean limestone to dolomitic limestone with zone 2 and 3 reporting higher dolomitic content (20% to 40%) compared to zone 1 (6% to 13%). Mishrif pay zones indicated a relatively good porosity (18% - 24%) with zone 2 predominant in secondary porosity associating dolomitization processes. In Zubair Formation one pay zone is identified but locally could separate into two zones. The clay content is generally low with average content between 2% and 3% while the average porosity showed slightly better values in zone 1 (~0.20) compared to average porosity of zone 2 (0.17) that is rich in silt content associating deposition at a relatively deeper parts of the shelf. The average water saturation shows distinct lower values that vary between 15% and 18.7%. The petrophysical results are statistically analyzed and property histograms and crossplots are constructed to investigate mutual relationships. Such analysis is essential for understanding the reservoir architecture and calculations of reservoir capacity for future development.

近远场统一的广义RCS定义及其对雷达方程的拓展推导

雷达散射截面(RCS)是表征目标散射特性的物理量,是雷达方程中的重要参数。传统RCS定义是基于远场的散射问题,针对近程雷达(包括汽车雷达、室内定位系统、引信、导引头等)面临的近场散射问题,传统的RCS定义已不再适用,需要给出一种新的RCS定义,新定义不仅能表征目标的近场散射特性,并可以在此基础上构建近程雷达所需要的理论体系。根据传统RCS的定义及其在雷达方程中的应用,新定义的RCS需要满足三个特征:1)RCS只与目标本身的特性相关,与外加天线性能无关;2)RCS需与传统RCS在远区场结果一致,实现近远场的统一;3)对雷达系统进行评估时,RCS数据可以代替目标本身,实现目标、发射天线和接收天线的电特性解耦。基于电磁场等效原理,给出了一种新的广义RCS定义。基于该定义对典型目标(平板、圆柱和球)的RCS进行了仿真计算,计算结果与远场情况下的传统RCS定义结果一致。基于该定义对目标进行数据替代,同时利用收、发天线的近场口径特征辐射数据对远场辐射方向图进行了替代,拓展了雷达基本方程中Friss公式,提出了近场条件下雷达接收功率的计算方法,计算结果与全波仿真(FEKO)结果吻合良好。上述结果表明,该定义满足上述三种特征,可以为雷达近场探测过程中的数据化动态仿真提供理论基础。值得强调的是,基于所提出的广义RCS定义,可以为近场探测的各类军/民用雷达的系统设计、目标精细识别与抗干扰技术突破,近场条件下RCS测试方法构建,雷达目标强散射点分析,目标微波成像算法拓展等提供理论基础支持。

普光高含硫气田开发特征及提高采收率对策

普光气田是我国最大的碳酸盐岩高含硫气田,具有埋深大、储层非均质性强、边底水活跃、高含H2S及CO_(2)等特点。气田自2005年投入开发,目前逐渐步入稳产末期,面临进一步延长稳产期、提高采收率等挑战。为此,文中系统梳理普光气田不同开发阶段的关键开发指标变化规律,建立了普光礁滩相储层剩余气分布模式,提出了气藏提高采收率对策。研究结果表明:1)普光气田开发阶段分为建产阶段、稳产阶段和调整阶段,期间通过持续跟踪研究、及时优化,使得气田稳产期延长3 a,实现了长期高产稳产;2)普光气田水侵经历快速见水、限产波动、均衡见水及缓慢见水等4个阶段,硫沉积呈现从地面流程向井口、再向井筒深部扩展的趋势,受地层压降、水侵、硫沉积及措施等综合影响,气田产能较初期下降40.63%;3)普光气田剩余气类型分为2大类5小类,其中,井网未控制型分为断层遮挡和独立礁体型,井网控制型分为纯气区动用不充分、水侵区致密层遮挡和水封气型;4)提出了普光高含硫气田提高采收率对策,即通过不同类型剩余气针对性挖潜、井筒-储层硫沉积综合治理、全生命周期控水、整体与分区相结合增压开采等,进一步改善气田开发效果,提高采收率,延长稳产期。文中研究结果将为进一步实现气田长期高效开发提供技术支撑。