Generalized Theta-Functions with Characteristics and Cusp Form Corresponding to Quadratic Forms in Ten Variables

The modular properties of generalized theta-functions with characteristics are used to build cusp form corresponding to quadratic forms in ten variables.

Experimental study on the forming characteristics of 1.5 GPa ultrahigh-strength dual-phase steel

The DP1500 steel series successfully produced by Baosteel is a marked improvement over the cold-rolled hot-dip galvanized dual-phase steel series.Sufficient parameter data related to forming characteristics are needed for the successful application of dual-phase steel series in engineering structures.Therefore,differences in the mech-anical properties,forming limit,hole expansion ratio,and stretch bend limit of the 1.5 GPa ultrahigh-strength steel,including DP1500,QP1500,and MS1500,have been systematically studied.Results show that the DP1500 exhibits good plastic deformation performance and approximately 5% uniform elongation,and its true major strain minimum on the forming limit curve(FLC_(0)) value is approximately 0.083,which is higher and lower than the FLC_(0) values of MS1500 and QP1500 of the same strength grade,respectively.DP1500 also exhibits good flanging and pore expansion capabilities and superior performance to QP1500 and MS1500.The minimum radius-to-thickness(R/T) ratio(1.4) of DP1500 in the 90° bend tests transverse to the rolling direction is between the R/T ratios of MS1500 and the QP1500.Overall,the formability performance of DP1500 is between that of MS1500 and QP1500.Its excellent crash energy absorption and formability performance render it a suitable structural component,and it has been successfully tested and verified on a typical complex ultrahigh-strength steel skeleton structure.

Characteristics of nitrogen forms in the southern Huanghai Sea surface sediments

The distributions of different forms of nitrogen in the surface sediments of the southern Huanghai Sea are different and affected by various factors. The contents of IEF-N, SOEF-N and TN gradually decrease eastward, and those of SAEF-N northward, while those of WAEF-N westward. Around the seaport of the old Huanghe (Yellow) River, the contents of both SOEF-N and TN are the highest. Among all the factors, the content of fine sediment is the predominant factor to affect the distributions of different forms of nitrogen. The contents of IEF-N, SOEF-N, and TN have visibly positive correlation with the content of fine sediments, and the correlative coefficient is 0.68, 0.58 and 0.71 respectively, showing that the contents of the three forms of nitrogen increase with those of fine sediments. The content of WAEF-N is related to that of fine sediments to a certain extent, with a correlative coefficient of 0.35; while the content of SAEF-N is not related to that of fine sediments, showing that the content of SAEF-N is not controlled by fine grain-size fractions of sediments. In addition, the distributions of different forms of nitrogen are also interacted one another, and the contents of IEF-N and SOEF-N are obviously affected by TN, while those of inorganic nitrogen (WAEF-N, SAEF-N and IEF-N) are not affected by SOEF-N and TN obviously, although they are interacted each other.

Effects of different nitrogen forms and concentrations on seedling growth traits and physiological characteristics of Populus simonii × P. nigra

Numerous growth and physiological variables of 3-week-old Populus simonii × P.nigra seedlings were assessed after treatment with either nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(−)--N)(0.1,0.5,1,5,or 10 mmol·L^(−1)) or ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)+-N)(0.1,0.5,1,5,or 10 mmol·L^(−1)) to determine the best nitrogen form and concentration to optimize growth,biomass allocation,pigment content,and photosynthetic capacity.The results of combining membership function and an evaluation index suggested that,5 mmol·L^(−1) nitrogen,regardless of the form,yielded the highest comprehensive evaluation index and good growth.In addition,a Pearson correlation analysis and network visualization revealed that the total mass,shoot mass,root mass,leaf dry mass,plant height,leaf area,chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll had a physiological index connectivity degree≥15 for both nitrogen forms.Net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII,total nitrogen content,ground diameter,chlorophyll b,and carotenoid were unique indices for evaluating NH_(4)^(+)+-N-based nutrition,which could provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on seedlings,cultivation periods,and stress tolerance in P.simonii× P.nigra.

Enclosed Extent of the Saline Water and its Constraints on the Sedimentary and Salt Forming Characteristics:A Case Study of the Paleogene Playas in Hoh Xil Basin

1 Introduction There is a long period of hot,arid climates in the Jurassic-Neogene,in the eastern of the Neo-Tethys where is been called Western Yunnan—Qiangtang tectonic belt(Zheng et al.,2010).Especially in the Paleogene,under the control of the planetary winds and the north subtropical high pressure belts,a ribbon arid,semi-arid

Influence of Lithological Characters of Coal Bearing Formation on Stability of Roof of Coal Seams

Lithology is one of the important factors influencing the stability of roof of coal seams. In order to investigate this, the phenomenon of underground pressure and distribution of pressure were studied by using the local observation and simulation test with similar materials. The observation results show that the distance of initial weighting and periodic weighting of the mudstone roof is shorter than that of sandstone roofs. The sandstone roof with a high strength has a longer distance of initial weighting and periodic weighting, the abutment stress on the working face is big and the height of caving and fracture zone is high. The peak point of abutment stress in the sandstone roof is near to the working face and the pressure bump is inclined to occur. The result is contrary to that in case of the mudstone roof with a low strength. While in the transition zone of nipped sandstone, roof rock-mass is broken and is poor in stability, therefore, it is difficult to hold the roof.

Numerical investigation of film forming characteristics and mass transfer enhancement in horizontal polycondensation kettle

The process of producing high viscosity polyester by transesterification polycondensation needs to adjust the operating conditions and equipment structure of pre-polycondensation kettle and final polycondensation kettle to realize process intensification.In view of this,the fluid volume function method of computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation was used to investigate the film formation and surface renewal characteristics of horizontal polycondensation kettle under different operating conditions,including viscosity,rotating speed and liquid height.The results show that the viscosity and rotating speed were positively correlated with the film area and surface renewal in the pre-polycondensation stage.However,increasing the viscosity by several orders of magnitude in the final polycondensation kettle,the larger the film area and film thickness,but the overall surface renewal of the disk decreased.Therefore,a hexagonal hole disk is designed.By comparison,it is found that the film is more uniform,the surface update frequency is higher,and the power consumption can be reduced by more than 20%.

Study on Distribution Characteristics and Occurrence Form of Soil Fluorine in Sorghum Base of Renhuai City

In order to find out the effects of soil fluorine on ecological environment and crop safety in the sorghum cultivation base of Renhuai City, Guizhou Province, the content and the occurrence forms of soil fluorine and its influencing factors of Maoba Town were investigated and studied. The results showed that the total fluorine content in the soil of the sorghum base ranged from 668.60 to 2 596.80 mg/kg, with an average of 1 483.25 mg/kg, which was 3.10 and 1.85 times of the national soil background value and the average value of the soil in endemic areas, respectively. The spatial distribution of fluorine in the soil of the study area was uneven, and the fluorine content was in the order of Anliang Village>Yangliu Village>Houba Village>Xiongfeng Village. The soil fluorine contents of various forms varied greatly, and the distribution law was as follows: residual state>water soluble state>organically bound state>exchangeable state>Fe/Mn-F state. The residual fluorine content was the highest, accounting for more than 99% of total fluorine content, while the sum of other four forms was less than 1%, with their respective proportions ranging from 0.10% to 0.30%. The content and proportion of available fluorine in water-soluble and exchangeable states were relatively low, which had limited influence on the surrounding water environment and crop safety. The physicochemical properties of soil, such as pH, organic matter, cation exchange capacity and clay particles had a certain influence on the occurrence forms of soil fluorine, thus changing the availability and migration of soil fluorine, which might endanger the ecological environment safety, food safety and human health.

Validation of the Simplified Chinese-character Version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form in Urban Community-dwelling Adults:a Cross-sectional Study in Hangzhou,China

Objective To assess the test-retest reliability and criterion validity of the Simplified Chinese-character version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Long form （IPAC）.-L） in urban community-dwelling adults in Hanghzou, China. Methods A total of 158 eligible participants aged 25-59 years from 6 neighbourhoods in two central districts of Hangzhou completed the IPAQ-L questionnaire twice within a 7-day interval. Half of the subjects wore pedometers during the first 7 days. Test-retest reliability was examined by comparing the first （Day 1） and the second （Day 9） survey of IPAQ-L Criterion validity was assessed by comparing IPAO,-L with pedometer data. Results Modest to good test-retest reliability was found with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.67 for total PA, 0.37 to 0.73 for specific dimensions, and 0.56 to 0.71 for different intensities of PA. Total PA measured by IPAO.-L was moderately correlated with exercise levels （partial r = 0.27, P = 0.020） and walking distance （partial r = 0.31, P = 0.007）, which were measured by a pedometer, after adjusting for gender, age, educational attainment and employment status. Conclusion Our results indicate that the IPAO.-L is a reliable and validated measure for assessing physica activity levels in this population and possibly the adult population in other mainland Chinese cities.

New approaches to identification and characterization of tioconazole in raw material and in pharmaceutical dosage forms

Tioconazole(TCZ), a broad-spectrum antifungal agent, has significant activity against Candida albicans and other Candida species, and therefore, it is indicated for the topical treatment of superficial mycoses.The main goal of this work is to report an exhaustive identification and characterization procedure to improve and facilitate the online quality control and continuous process monitoring of TCZ in bulk material and loaded in two different dosage forms: ovules and nail lacquer. The methodologies were based on thermal(differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), melting point, and thermogravimetry(TG)),spectroscopic(ultraviolet(UV), Raman, near infrared(NIR), infrared spectroscopy coupled to attenuated total reflectance(FTIR-ATR), and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)), microscopic and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The TCZ bulk powder showed a high crystallinity, as observed by XRD, with a particles size distribution(3–95 mm) resolved by microscopic measurements. TCZ melting point(82.8 °C) and a degradation peak centered at 297.8 °C were obtained by DSC and DTG, respectively. An unambiguous structure elucidation of TCZ was obtained by mono-and two-dimensional1 H and13 C NMR spectral data analysis. The FTIR-ATR, Raman and NIR spectra of both the raw material and the commercial products were analyzed and their characteristic bands were tabulated. The best methods for TCZ identification in ovules were DSC, TG, XRD, NIR and Raman, while NIR and FTIR-ATR were the most appropriate techniques to analyze it in the nail lacquer. DSC, TG, DRX, Raman, FTIR-ATR and NIR spectroscopy are effective techniques to be used in online process analysis, because they do not require sample preparation, and they are considerably sensitive to analyze complex samples.

Release Characteristics of Different N Forms in an Uncoated Slow/Controlled Release Compound Fertilizer

This study examined the release characteristics of different N forms in an uncoated slow/controlled-release compound fertilizer （UCRF） and the N uptake and N-use efficiency by rice plants. Water dissolution, soil leaching, and pot experiments were employed. The dynamics of N release from the UCRF could be quantitatively described by three equations： the first-order kinetics equation [N1=N0 （1-e^-kt）], Elovich equation （N1=a ＋ blnt）, and parabola equation （N1=a ＋ bt^0.5）, with the best fitting by the first-order kinetics equation for different N （r= 0.9569^＊＊-0.9999^＊＊）. The release potentials （No values estimated by the first-order kinetics equation） of different N in the UCRF decreased in the order of total N 〉 DON 〉 urea-N 〉 NH4^＋-N 〉 NO3^-N in water, and total N 〉 NH4^＋-N 〉 DON 〉 urea-N 〉 NO3^--N in soil, respectively, being in accordance with cumulative amounts of N release. The constants of N release rate （k values and b values） for different N forms were in decreasing order of total N 〉 DON 〉 NH4^＋-N 〉 NO3^--N in water, whereas the k values were urea- N 〉DON 〉 NH4^＋-N 〉 total N 〉 NO3^--N, and the b values were total N 〉 NH4^＋-N 〉 DON 〉 NO3^--N 〉 urea-N in soil. Compared with a common compound fertilizer, the N-use efficiency, N-agronomy efficiency, and N-physiological efficiency of the UCRF were increased by 11.4%, 8.32 kg kg^-1, and 5.17 kg kg^-1, respectively. The ratios of different N to total N in the UCRF showed significant correlation with N uptake by rice plants. The findings showed that the first-order kinetics equation [Nt=N0 （l-e^kt）] could be used to describe the release characteristics of different N forms in the fertilizer. The UCRF containing different N forms was more effective in facilitating N uptake by rice compared with the common compound fertilizer containing single urea-N form.

MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SPRAY FORMED HIGH SPEED STEEL FOR WORK ROLL

The mechanical properties and microstructure characteristics of a high speed steel (HSS) for roll has been studied. As compared with the as-cast HSS, the spray-formed HSS have fine grain and segregation free microstructures. Carbides distribute uniformly. The morphology and types of the carbides in spray-formed HSS are different from those in as-cast HSS. The results of the high temperature tensile experiment show that, as to spray-formed HSS, there is a possibility of superplastic deformation in the range of 780-810℃.

Relationship between catchment characteristics and nitrogen forms in Cao-E River Basin, Eastern China

The distribution of different nitrogen forms and their spatial and temporal variations in different pollution types of tributaries or reaches were investigated. Based on the catchments characteristics the tributaries or reaches can be classified into 4 types, including headwater in mountainous areas （type Ⅰ）, agricultural non-point source （NPS） pollution in rural areas （type Ⅱ）, municipal and industrial pollution in urban areas （type Ⅲ）, and combined pollution in main stream （type IV）. Water samples were collected monthly from July 2003 to June 2006 in the Cao-E River Basin in Zhejiang, eastern China. The concentrations of NO3^--N, NH4^＋ -N, and total nitrogen （TN） were measured. The mean concentrations of NO3^- -N were decreased in the sequence type IV 〉 type Ⅱ〉 type Ⅲ 〉 type Ⅰ, whereas, NH4^＋-N, total organic nitrogen （TON）, and TN were in the sequence： type Ⅲ〉 type Ⅳ 〉 type Ⅱ〉 type Ⅰ. In headwater and rural reaches, CNO^-2-N was much higher than Crea^＋ 4-N. In urban reaches, TON and NH4^＋ -N were the main forms, accounting for 54.7% and 32.1% of TN, respectively. In the whole river system, Crea^＋ 4--N decreased with increasing distance from cities, and CNo^-3 -N increased with the increasing area of farmland in the catchments. With increased river flow, CNO^-3 N increased and Crea4^＋-N decreased in all types of reaches, while the variations of CTON and CTN were different. For TN, the concentration may be decreased with the increase of river flow, but the export load always increased.

Characteristics of nitrogen forms in the surface sediments of southwestern Nansha Trough,South China Sea

The area of the southwestern Nansha Trough is one of the most productive areas of the southern South China Sea.It is a typical semi-deep sea area of transition from shoal to abyssal zone.To understand distributions and roles of nitrogen forms involved in biogeochemical cycling in this area,contents of nitrogen in four extractable forms:nitrogen in ion exchangeable form(IEF-N),nitrogen in weak acid extractable form(WAEF-N),nitrogen in strong alkali extractable form(SAEF-N) and nitrogen in strong oxidation extractable form(SOEF-N),as well as in total nitrogen content(TN) in surface sediments were determined from samples collected from the cruise in April-May 1999.The study area was divided into three regions(A,B and C) in terms of clay sediment(<4 μm) content at <40%,40%-60% and >60%,respectively.Generally,region C was the richest in the nitrogen of all forms and region A the poorest,indicating that the finer the grain size is,the richer the contents of various nitrogen are.The burial efficiency of total nitrogen in surface sediments was 28.79%,indicating that more than 70% of nitrogen had been released and participated in biogeochemical recycling through sediment-water interface.

Dehydrogenation characteristics of LiAlH4 improved by in-situ formed catalysts

The hydrogen storage properties and catalytic mechanism of FeCl-doped LiAlHwere investigated in minute details. LiAlH-2 mol% FeClsamples start to release hydrogen at 76 °C, which is 64 °C lower than that of as-received LiAlH. Isothermal desorption measurements show that the 2 mol% FeCl-doped sample releases 7.0 wt% of hydrogen within 17 min at 250 °C. At lower temperatures of 110 °C and 80 °C, the sample can release 4.4 wt% and 3 wt% of hydrogen, respectively. The apparent activation energy of LiAlH-2 mol% FeClsamples for R2 is 105.02 k J/mol, which is 67 k J/mol lower than that of pure LiAlH. The reaction between LiAlHand FeClduring ball milling was found by analyzing the X-ray diffraction results,and Fe-Al particles formed in-situ from the reaction act as the real catalyst for the dehydrogenation of LiAlH.

INTERFACE DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF BIMETAL FORMING

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Characterization of Deformations of Multiaxial Warp Knitted Fabrics during Forming Process

The typical structure(with four inserting yarn systems) of multi-axial warp knitted fabrics shows unsatisfactory conformability according to hemisphere pressing experi-ments.The structure containing only two bias inserting yarn systems(TBMWK fabric),however,proves to possess good conformability.This paper characterized in detail the forming behavior of TBMWK fabric.It was found that the two bias inserting yarn systems tend to gather always along the weft direction,and the angles between them along this direction are basically linear to the perpendicular distances from the measured points to the longitudinal axis of the hemisphere.And

Superplastic forming characteristics of AZ41 magnesium alloy

An AZ41 magnesium alloy in the hot-rolled condition without further thermomechanical processing to modify its microstructure was investigated to establish its suitability for use within a superplastic forming process and to establish optimum forming parameters.Formability was assessed using elevated temperature tensile testing and hot gas bulging,across a range of strain rates(1×10^(−1)−1×10^(−3)s^(−1))and temperatures(350−450℃).Circle grid analysis with GOM Aramis cameras was used to understand peak strains and material thinning in relation to industrial forming processes.Post forming EBSD and STEM analysis was conducted to understand the mechanisms responsible for the materials formability,with dynamic recrystallization being clearly evident.Peak elongation of 520%was achieved at 450℃ and 1×10^(−3)s^(−1);industrially relevant elongation was achieved at 1×10^(−2) s^(−1) at both 450℃(195%)and 400℃(170%).

The chemical distribution characteristics of variant form phosphorus in the seawater of the South China Sea

According to two cruises investigation information in summer and winter during 1998 and 1999, the phosphorous concentration distribution and changes of summer and winter were discussed primarily in the South China Sea. The results show that the phosphate concentration of surface seawater in summer is distinctly lower than that in winter, averaging 0.04 mumol/dm(3) in summer and 0.35 mumol/ dm(3) in winter. The organic phosphorous concentration of surface seawater in summer is higher than that in winter, averaging 0.12 mumol/dm(3) in summer and 0. 04 mumol/dm(3) in winter respectively. The seasonal changes of total phosphorus are similar to phosphate, averaging 0.22 mumol/dm(3) in summer and 0.61 mumol/dm(3) in winter respectively. In vertical direction, phosphate, TDP and TP content are the lowest in upper 50 m water column, and increase in linearity rapidly with water depth, increasing slowly under 500 m, reach to maximum about 1000 m, then decrease slightly with water depth increasing. The vertical distribution is typical in summer, and there is small dispersed for phosphorus concentration for the same depth of different stations. However, in winter there is a large disperse for phosphate, TDP and TP, specifically for phosphate at 200 m at which the concentration is maximum. This result indicates that there are large differences in hydrology and biology conditions that affect largely the chemical environment of the South China Sea. The organic phosphorus is the predominant in surface seawater of the South China Sea, but the inorganic phosphorus is the predominant in layers below depth of 150 m. The organic phosphorus concentration in deep water usually decreases with water depth increasing. The organic phosphorus in summer is remarkably more than that in winter because of the strong biology activities in summer.

Microstructure and forming characteristics of spray-formed M42 high speed steel

M42 high speed steel （HSS）, a high grade alloy, was produced using the spray forming technology. Optical metallography （OM）,X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscope （SEM） were used to investigate the microstructures of the as-sprayed M42 HSS and the as-atomized powders. It is found that as-sprayed M42 HSS is composed of martensite, retained austenite and carbides. The grain size, as well as the morphology, size and distribution of the carbides have been greatly improved compared with those of the as-cast M42 steel （ a traditional process）. The size of the powder obtained at a high cold speed was ranged from 50 μm to 100μm in diameter. Its representative microstructures include dendrite, dendritic fragments, a mixture of dendrites, equiaxed grains and dendritic fragments,and equiaxed grains. The rapid solidification in the spray forming is a key factor to cause the refinement of the M42 HSS.