Coupled DEM-FDM analyses of the effects of falling rock’s shape and impact angle on response of granular cushion and rock shed

Rock shed is an effective protection measure against rockfall.To investigate the influences of falling rock’s shape and impact angle on the impact effect of the cushioned rock shed,a modeling approach for a rock shed with a cushion layer using PFC-FLAC.The granular cushion is modeled as an aggregate of discrete non-cohesion particles,while the concrete plate and the beam are modeled as zones.The falling rock with different sphericities and impact angles is modeled as a rigid assembly.The numerical model is validated by comparing the simulation results with experimental and numerical results from previous literature.This model is applied to analyze the effects of rock shape and impact angle on the dynamic interaction effects between falling rock and cushioned rock shed,including the impact force,transmitted bottom force,penetration depth,and plate deflection.The numerical results show that the variation in the falling rock’s shape has different effects on the falling rock with different impact angles.These findings could support rock shed design by revealing the limitations of the assumptions in the past research,which may result in unsafe rock sheds for some rockfall cases.

A Ventral Diverterless High Offset S-shaped Inlet at Transonic Speeds

An investigation on the ventral diverterless high offset S-shaped inlet is carried out at Mach numbers from 0.600 to 1.534, angles of attack from -4° to 9.4°, and yaw angles from 0° to 8°. Results indicate： （1） a large region of low total pressure exists at the lower part of the inlet exit caused by the counter-rotating vortices in the S-shaped duct; （2） the performances of the inlet at Mach number 1.000 reach almost the highest, so the propulsion system could work efficiently in terms of aerodynamics; （3） the total pressure recovery increases slowly at first and then remains unvaried as the Mach number rises from 0.6 to 1.0, however, it does in an opposite manner in the conventional diverter-equipped S-shaped inlet; （4） the performances of the inlet are generally insensitive to angles of attack from -4° to 9.4° and yaw angles from 0° to 8° at Mach number 0.850, and angles of attack from -2° to 6° and yaw angles from 0° to 5° at Mach number 1.534.

ADO对象的Data Shape技术及其应用

讨论了ADO对象引入的Data Shape与层次结构记录集技术， 并通过一些具体的实例说明了该技术在各种的环境下的具体使用方法。这类技术为复杂的主 细表操作与分类统计计算问题提供了一个比较简单而又直观的处理方法。

Gaussian shaper for nuclear pulses based on multilevel cascade convolution

For nuclear measurements,it is necessary to obtain accurate information from nuclear pulses,which should be obtained by first shaping the pulses outputted by the detectors.However,commonly used pulse-shaping algorithms have certain problems.For example,certain pulse-shaping algorithms have long dead-times in high-counting-rate environments or are difficult to achieve in digital systems.Gaussian signals are widely used in analog nuclear instruments owing to their symmetry and completeness.A Gaussian signal is usually implemented by using a multilevel S–K filter in series or in parallel.It is difficult to construct a real-time digital Gaussian filter for the complex Gaussian filtering algorithm.Based on the multilevel cascade convolution,a pulse-shaping algorithm for double exponential signals is proposed in this study,which,in addition to double exponential signals,allows more complex output signal models to be used in the new algorithm.The proposed algorithm can be used in high-counting-rate environments and has been implemented in an FPGA with fewer multipliers than those required in other traditional Gaussian pulse-shaping algorithms.The offline processing results indicated that the average peak base width of the output-shaped pulses obtained using the proposed algorithm was reduced compared with that obtained using the traditional Gaussian pulse-shaping algorithm.Experimental results also demonstrated that signal-to-noise ratios and energy resolutions were improved,particularly for pulses with a low energy.The energy resolution was improved by 0.1–0.2%while improving the counting rate.

售货机升降系统S型速度控制策略

在传统三闭环控制方式下,售货机升降接货系统易因启停过程中加速度突变产生冲击,导致系统运行不平稳。针对这一问题,文中对传统升降系统加减速控制策略进行改进,加入前馈和微分负反馈,提出一种S型速度曲线控制算法。根据路径规划判别条件将S型速度曲线分为七段式、六段式和四段式3种,并给出各路径约束条件下的参数求解方法和具体执行流程。将该算法运用到升降控制系统中进行仿真和实际工况测试,实验结果表明,与传统三闭环控制相比,文中所提控制策略可以提高售货机升降系统运行的平稳性,减小冲击,使速度曲线更加柔和,并能够保持较好的跟踪性能。

基于S形速度曲线的键合头运动控制系统研究与分析

根据用户工艺需求,针对全自动芯片键合设备的运动控制模块以及键合头子模块开展需求分析,结合典型试验,设计出基于S形速度曲线的键合头运动控制系统,根据S形速度曲线重新规划了键合头的运动轨迹,使其对芯片键合周期缩短的同时也保证了键合精度。

基于DWDM的超100 Gbit/s混合组网分析

【目的】近年来,数据通信量呈爆炸性增长,为了应对高速、高容量数据传输及网络应用场景多样化的需求,超100 Gbit/s密集波分复用(DWDM)混合组网作为一种高效的解决方案逐渐受到关注。文章通过对超100 Gbit/s DWDM混合组网的需求、关键技术及实际案例进行分析,为构建高容量、高效率的通信网络提供了技术支持和指导。【方法】文章首先阐述了网络发展在容量扩展和支持复杂网络设计方面的需求,其次重点介绍了超100 Gbit/s混合组网的关键技术,包括星座图整形、频谱整形和灵活栅格技术等。其中,为支撑混合组网的业务速率设计,提供了一种用于级联掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)通信系统的光信噪比(OSNR)计算方法,仅利用信道配置信息、发端信号光功率、EDFA的增益及噪声等相关参数,即可计算出整个链路中各个波长的输出OSNR。最后,结合海外某网络案例,根据实际链路OSNR评估情况,合理进行混合速率网络设计,论证了超100 Gbit/s DWDM混合组网在实际工程中的应用效果。【结果】通过应用超100 Gbit/s DWDM混合组网,根据OSNR评估情况灵活配置传输速率和传输带宽,实现了200、600和800 Gbit/s混合速率网络部署,既满足了核心站点的大容量需求,也兼顾了边缘站点的长途大跨度需求,并在3年期间实现了网络的平滑升级和扩容。【结论】实践证明,超100 Gbit/s DWDM组网能够有效提升网络容量、灵活性及频谱资源利用率,同时也为网络的持续演进提供了空间,是推进大容量光传输网络发展的重要手段。

Numerical Investigation of Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) Flow Control in an S-Shaped Duct

An electrohydrodynamic （EHD） method, which is based on glow discharge plasma, is presented for flow control in an S-shaped duct. The research subject is an expanding channel with a constant width and a rectangular cross section. An equivalent divergence angle and basic function are introduced to build the three-dimensional model. Subsequently, the plasma physical models are simplified as the effects of electrical body force and work （done by the force） on the fluid near the wall. With the aid of FLUENT software, the source terms of momentum and energy are added to the Navier-Stokes equation. Finally, the original performance of three models （A, B and C） is studied, in which model A demonstrates better performance. Then EHD control based on model A is discussed. The results show that the EHD method is an effective way of reducing flow loss and improving uniformity at the duct exit. The innovation in this study is the assessment of the EHD control effect on the flow in an S-shaped duct. Both the parametric modeling of the S-shaped duct and the simplified models of plasma provide valuable information for future research on aircraft inlet ducts.

液压成形对液体火箭发动机多层增强S型波纹管结构疲劳寿命的影响

完善液体火箭发动机燃气摇摆装置中增强S型波纹管组件的疲劳寿命评估方法,提高其疲劳寿命预测精度,是发展可重复使用液体火箭发动机的重要课题之一。针对多层增强S型波纹管,为了计算其液压成形后的实际寿命数据,了解成形工艺对其疲劳寿命的影响,提出一种充分考虑成形制备过程对结构不同区域几何构型和材料力学性能造成差异化影响后的波纹管疲劳寿命分析方法。该方法基于成形仿真和材料拉伸试验结果,构建实际波纹管有限元模型并进行三维仿真分析,得到其在高内压和不同摆动工况下结构危险点的循环载荷信息,并根据波纹管结构的低周疲劳失效特点采用子午向应力应变数据,以及经过平均应力应变修正的Manson-Coffin(M-C)公式对波纹管的循环寿命进行估算和对比分析。结果表明:波纹管疲劳寿命薄弱点位置和大小均与循环摆角有关;在预测计算中考虑液压成形作用影响更接近实际场景,所得结构疲劳寿命大小和所在区域均与理论模型值存在差异,在结构设计、优化和健康监测中不应忽视其影响。

Incorporating S-shaped testing-effort functions into NHPP software reliability model with imperfect debugging

Testing-effort（TE） and imperfect debugging（ID） in the reliability modeling process may further improve the fitting and prediction results of software reliability growth models（SRGMs）. For describing the S-shaped varying trend of TE increasing rate more accurately, first, two S-shaped testing-effort functions（TEFs）, i.e.,delayed S-shaped TEF（DS-TEF） and inflected S-shaped TEF（IS-TEF）, are proposed. Then these two TEFs are incorporated into various types（exponential-type, delayed S-shaped and inflected S-shaped） of non-homogeneous Poisson process（NHPP）SRGMs with two forms of ID respectively for obtaining a series of new NHPP SRGMs which consider S-shaped TEFs as well as ID. Finally these new SRGMs and several comparison NHPP SRGMs are applied into four real failure data-sets respectively for investigating the fitting and prediction power of these new SRGMs.The experimental results show that：（i） the proposed IS-TEF is more suitable and flexible for describing the consumption of TE than the previous TEFs;（ii） incorporating TEFs into the inflected S-shaped NHPP SRGM may be more effective and appropriate compared with the exponential-type and the delayed S-shaped NHPP SRGMs;（iii） the inflected S-shaped NHPP SRGM considering both IS-TEF and ID yields the most accurate fitting and prediction results than the other comparison NHPP SRGMs.

水泵水轮机S特性区能量损失及流动特性研究

为了调节电网的稳定性,抽水蓄能电站需要频繁启停和变换工况运行,导致水泵水轮机容易进入S特性区,机组振动增加,并网失败。本文以模型水泵水轮机为研究对象,采用熵产理论详细分析了S特性区不同工况下的能量损失规律,明确了熵产率分布与内部流动结构的关系。结果表明:S特性区内近飞逸工况总熵产最大,约为设计工况的5.1倍,脉动熵产占据的比例接近80%,随着流量的减小,转轮熵产占比逐渐降低,活动导叶和尾水管的熵产占比增加。小流量工况转轮进口靠近下环位置首先出现了明显的漩涡,导致了活动导叶出口和转轮进口的高熵产区,随着流量进一步减小,漩涡逐渐向上冠转移,并且切向速度增大,在转轮进口形成挡水环,阻碍水流进入转轮,在无叶区内出现了环状分布的高熵产区。反水泵工况,水流在低压边与逆时针旋转的叶片撞击,导致水流很难进入叶片内部,形成了大尺度的回流涡结构;双列叶栅内充满大量涡结构,导致活动导叶吸力面的熵产率增大,并且向固定导叶传播。

多因素影响下的S型管道冲刷腐蚀速率分析

S型管道应用于输运过程中的复杂地形,在上下游弯头处,会形成不同程度的冲刷腐蚀,造成安全隐患。为分析其腐蚀影响因素,建立S型管道腐蚀模型,采用ANSYS的Workbench平台搭建Fluent模块对不同影响因素下的腐蚀模型进行研究,创建数据传输,进而研究流体在流入弯管后各因素与冲蚀速率的关系。结果表明,S型管道冲刷腐蚀受到多因素的影响,尤其是下游弯头处的冲刷腐蚀更为明显。适当减小颗粒物直径、颗粒物质量流量,增大管径和弯径比可以减缓腐蚀及减小腐蚀区域。研究可为管道安全稳定运行提供理论依据。

S弯收扩喷管过膨胀状态下流动分离特性研究

为了研究S弯收扩喷管过膨胀状态下的流动分离特性,数值模拟了不同落压比(NPR)下S弯收扩喷管内的流动特征。结果表明:在落压比为2.0时,喷管内发生非对称分离,出现非对称的双“λ”激波结构,喷流整体向上偏转,上侧出现限制性流动分离RSS,下侧出现自由性流动分离FSS,并产生三维分离涡,喷流出现明显的三维效应。随着落压比从高度过膨胀状态下开始增加,喷管下侧保持FSS不变,喷管上侧RSS逐渐向后移动,直至与外界大气相连,转变为FSS,之后随着落压比增加,上下侧分离结构逐渐对称。推力矢量角随着落压比的增加先增加,后在极小的落压比变化范围内快速降低,直至变为0°,之后保持0°不变。

低比速水泵水轮机“S”形特性对尾水管最小压力敏感性研究

水泵水轮机“S”形特性对机组的水力过渡过程有着要的影响,“S”形特性的优劣是判定模型转轮研发成功与否的关键指标之一,对低比速水泵水轮机显得更为重要。为更深入研究转轮“S”形特性、模型转轮优化设计、水力过渡过程三者间联系,本文定义一种对“S”特性曲线定点定量的分析方法,利用不同试验特性曲线,通过水力过渡过程仿真分析加以判定,对“S”形曲线量化分析以探索三者之间的内在联系。研究表明全特性曲线中间等开度线“S”区弯曲程度对尾水管最小压力敏感性最强,等开度线在“S”区内单位流量与单位转速的比值越大,同一等开度线上飞逸单位流量越大,对提高尾水管进口最小压力越有利;叶片型式和活动导叶翼型优化设计可在一定程度上改善“S”形特性品质,提高甩负荷时尾水管最小压力值。本研成果在低比速水泵水轮机模型转轮研发和水力过渡过程优化计算方面均具有一定参考意义。

基于Sigmoid函数的非对称式S型曲线机械臂加减速控制方法

机械臂广泛应用于制造、装配、搬运、码垛等方面,对提高生产力起着重要作用。为减小机械臂在运动过程中的振动和冲击,提高机械臂轨迹执行效率,提出一种非对称式S型曲线加减速控制方法。该方法通过在双段Sigmoid函数中插入直线段,构成加加速度连续的运动学曲线。通过粒子群算法进行参数优化求解,无需反复确认每个时间段的存在性即可求出非对称约束下的曲线参数,并分别在关节空间和笛卡尔空间采用时间同步和位移同步方法使机械臂的运动轨迹更加协调自然。结果表明,相同条件下提出的方法比三角函数方法轨迹执行效率更高且加加速度仅为三角函数方法的55%。与梯形加加速度曲线相比,采用提出的方法规划的运动轨迹可减少35.7%的残余振动,验证了该方法的有效性。

基于改进ShuffleNetV2的男西服领型识别与分类模型

针对男西服领型款式识别分类效果不佳的问题,提出一种基于改进ShuffleNetV2的识别与分类模型。首先收集男西服样本图像,建立包含9类男西服领型的样本库;其次以ShuffleNetV2模型为基础,引入CBAM注意力机制、H-Swish激活函数来增强模型特征提取能力,有效防止神经元坏死;另外利用迁移学习的方法再次增强模型的特征提取能力,提高模型的识别适应性和识别精度;最后对样本库数据集进行数据增强后开始训练验证。实验结果对比表明,本文的改进模型可以实现对男西服领型的有效识别和分类,平均准确率达到92.82%。本文为解决男西服领型识别与分类困难等问题提供了有效的解决方案,对服装定制行业的分类识别具有借鉴意义。

Enhancement of Characteristics of Antenna Arrays Employing S-Shaped Resonators

This paper illustrates a simple kind of tri-band printed G-shaped monopole antenna for Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems. The proposed antenna is used to achieve three operating frequencies, 2.45 GHz, 5.2 GHz and 8.2 GHz for wireless communications. To improve the isolation between the two radiating elements, we use left-handed materials composed of only S-shaped resonators to get negative refractive index at the three operating frequencies. When one layer of S-shaped resonators is employed, the antenna correlation, the diversity gain and the bandwidth are also enhanced. The simulated results are presented and evaluated with and without left-handed materials.

Design of an 868 MHz Printed S-Shape Monopole Antenna

The purpose of this work is to design and analyze an s-shaped printed circuit board (PCB) monopole antenna. The antenna was analyzed to operate at a resonance frequency band of 868 MHz;acceptable in 915 MHz as well. The s-shape is selected due to the need of reducing the overall size of the normal monopole antenna. The printed antenna was designed with an approximate overall size of 39 × 56 mm2 of which the antenna’s upper side is 26 × 39 mm2 while its reference ground board was sized at 39 × 30 mm2. The antenna is fed by a strip line of 3 × 1.5 mm2, in series with a 4.4 pF capacitance and shunt with an 8.7 nH inductance for purpose of antenna’s impedance matching with the input. A couple of existing publications showed that PCB antenna is not a new technology;however not an old technology for telecommunication industry. The raised problem by this work was duly solved with HFSS as a tool;excellent results are presented. After duly matching the antenna’s impedance with 50 Ω microstrip feed-line, solutions for overall performance were analyzed and demonstrated optimal: radiation patterns were proven omnidirectional, antenna gain optimized. The present antenna prototype’s overall dimensions can be readjusted according to any industrial and manufacturing requests.

Shaping ability of thermomechanically treated files in simulated S-shaped root canals

Aim: the aim of this study was to investigate the shaping ability of thermomechanically treated files manufactured by twisting(Twisted files)and compare it to conventional rotary system (K3, Sybron Endo, Orange, CA) in S-shaped canals, including formation of ledges, zipping, elbow, outer widening, danger zone, perforation and file deformation. Materials & Methods: Forty S-Shaped canals in resin blocks were randomly divided into 2 groups of 20 each. Pre-instrumentation images of the canals were taken via a digital camera and superimposed on images taken after preparation with TF and K3 systems to apical size of 25/06 and 30/06. Canal aberrations were measured from the superimposed image at five levels using AutoCAD system. Fisher exact test and Mann Whitney test were used for analysis of the data. Results: the incidence of zipping, elbow and apical transportation was significantly lower in the TF group (P = 0.04). Generally the incidence of aberration increased when the apical size increased to 30/0.06 regardless of the file system. Significant file deformation was evident in the TF after single use (P ? 0.001). Conclusion: Under the conditions of this study, TF manufactured by new technique performed better than K3 systems when used up to size 25/06 in simulated S-shaped canals. Clinical significance: The flexibility of thermomechanically treated files is beneficial in canals with multiple curvatures;however, attention should be paid to the instrument taper and final apical size of the preparation.

“S”形检测试件测量结果可视化研究及其软件开发

“S”形检测试件已成为国内航空主机厂商检验五轴联动数控机床加工性能的一项必要环节,为方便机床调试人员分析数控机床误差,提高调试效率,对S形试件测量结果可视化进行研究。分析了S形试件的几何特性及现有测量方法,通过获取S形试件的点云数据,对点云数据进行预处理,为S形试件测量结果的可视化奠定了基础。利用克里金插值法将试件测量点的点位误差映射到整个形面的点云上,得到了密化的形面误差数据,利用色谱图和分层显示的方式实现了S形试件测量结果的可视化显示,并对可视化结果进行了实验验证。基于上述处理流程及相关算法,基于Python语言,开发了S形试件测量结果可视化软件。此种方法开发的可视化软件小巧、轻量化且可移植性强,适合工程应用。