Effects of Biological Organic Fertilizer on Flue-cured Tobacco Chemical Composition

Through field experiment,special biological fertilizer and cake fertilizer were applied collectively to tobacco,and chemical compositions of Wanxi flue-cured tobacco leaves were researched.The results showed that the increase of biological organic fertilizer would significantly improve soil nutrient supplying capacity.Compared with conventional fertilization,the contents of reducing sugar,total sugar and starch in different parts of tobaccos which were applied with biological organic fertilizer were closer to standards of excellent tobacco.In the treatment,the ratio of reducing sugar and nicotine in tobacco was more suitable in middle and lower parts of the plant and the contents of total N,nicotine and chlorine in tobacco were lowered,improving tobacco quality.

Effects of Green Manure Mixed Cropping Patterns on Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil and Economic Characters of Flue-cured Tobacco

[Objective] The aim was to clear the suitable green manure cropping pat- terns in Xiangxi tobacco-planting areas. [Method] 8 treatments were set to study the effects of the monoculture and mixed cropping of common vetch （Vicia gigantea Bge.）, perennial ryegrass （Lofium） and rapeseed （Brassica campestris L.） on physi- cal and chemical properties of soil and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco. [Result] （1） Green manure turnover can reduce soil bulk density by 1.08%-8.62%, and the effect of green manure mixed cropping pattern was the best. （2） Green manure turnover also can increase the soil nutrient, soil organic matter, total nitro- gen （N）, total phosphorus （P）, total potassium （K）, alkali-hydrolyzale N, rapidly available P and rapidly available K by 1.44%-6.10%, 0.01-0.12 g/kg, 1.89%- 11.32%, 0.12%-3.56%, 1.06%-11.76%, 0.04%-18.93% and 0.98%-23.12%, respec- tively, and the effect of the monoculture of common vetch was the best.（3） The overall change of soil pH was not obvious.（4）Green manure turnover can increase the yield and output of flue-cured tobacco, and the effect of the monoculture of common vetch was the best. [Conclusion] The monoculture of common vetch can be generalized in the dry land of Xiangxi tobacco-planting areas.

Comparative Analysis on Chemical Components and Sensory Quality of Aging Flue-Cured Tobacco from Four Main Tobacco Areas of China

Complicated changes are happening during the aging process of flue-cured tobacco （FCT） and understanding of the changing components is of great significance in improving the quality,shortening aging time,and enhancing production and economic efficiency in tobacco industry.The aging samples of FCT from four main producing areas of China,i.e.,Yunnan,Sichuan,Hubei,and Dongbei,were used to study the changing rule of the components such as alkali,acid,and carbohydrate as well as the aroma and their relationship with sensory quality;and based on the correlation among the components and the sensory quality index,multivariable models were established to predict the aging quality.The results showed that the sensory quality of FCT increased steadily during the aging time,and at the same time,the acidic components （total organic acids,volatile acids） increased gradually,while the alkaline substances （nicotine,volatile alkali）,carbohydrate （total sugars,reducing sugar） and pH values showed a downward trend.Correlation analysis found that the sensory quality and pH values were negatively correlated （P0.05）,while the sensory quality with total organic acids and aroma were positively correlated.The optimal model for predicting the quality of FCT was y=56.75-0.63x12＋50.09x2-13.27x22,（y：sensory quality;x1：pH;x2：total organic acids）.The average predicating error was 1.04% with maximum predicating error of 2.89% and the accuracy rate of above 97%.

Changes of Polyphenols in Tobacco Leaves During the Flue-Curing Process and Correlation Analysis on Some Chemical Components

The changes of polyphenols in tobacco leaves during the flue-curing process and correlation analysis on some chemical components were studied. Leaf samples were taken from different tobacco-producing regions in Henan Province, China. The results indicated that the content of total phenols increased during the first 24 h of curing, and then decreased. It reached the lowest value at 72 h of curing and increased rapidly after that. The content of chlorogenic acid also increased during 0-24 h of curing. But the lowest point occurred at 60 or 72 h of curing and then it increased till the end of the curing process. The content of mtin generally increased with curing, and showed little fluctuations. The changes of PPO and POD activity were the opposite. Rutin was found to have a highly significant positive correlation with total sugar （r=0.822^＊＊）, but a highly significant negative correlation with starch, nicotine, and protein.

Effects of Tobacco Curing on Accumulation of Chemical Components and Aroma Components in Tobaccos

[Objective]The aim was to explore effects of curing technique parameters on chemical components and aromatic material accumulation to formulate a suitable curing technique and for and to achieve tobacco scalding, drying and giving aromat- ic flavor. [Method] With tobacco variety KRK 26 as test materials, the test involved parameters of three curing-techniques in down, middle and upper parts of flue-cured tobaccos in an oven to measure chemical components and aromatic substances in tobaccos. [Result] The effects of curing techniques on total sugar and reducing sug- ar differed upon temperature and humidity. The contents of chemical components, such as total alkaloid, total N and the ratio of sugar/ alkali by moderate temperature and high humidity technique were of significant differences with those by moderate temperature and moderate humidity technique and with low temperature and low hu- midity technique; the chemical components by moderate temperature and moderate humidity were of insignificant differences with the treatment by low temperature and low humidity technique. Total amount of aroma components by different curing tech- niques from high to low was the treatment by low temperature and low humidity technique （461.72 μg/g）, the treatment by moderate temperature and moderate hu- midity technique （450.06μg/g） and the treatment by moderate temperature and high humidity technique （385.12μg/g）, suggesting the content of aromatic substances is high at low temperature and low humidity. [Conclusion] Moderate temperature and high humidity curing technique has significant effects on total alkaloid, total N and the ratio of sugar/ alkali of tobaccos and different curing techniques also affect the total amount of aromatic substances of flue-cured tobaccos.

Classification and Distribution of Common Aroma Components in Tobacco Leaf Based on Their Physical and Chemical Properties

[Objective] This study was aimed to find a new method for the classification of common aroma components in tobacco leaves. [Method] Sixty-four common aroma components in tobacco leaves were classified by cluster analysis based on their relative molecular weight. The contents and distribution of aroma components in another 71 C3F and 64 B2F tobacco leaf samples were analyzed by using the new method. [Result] The 64 common aroma components were divided into three categories trough the cluster analysis based on their molecular weight. CategoryⅠ consisted of 12 aroma components which had high molecular weight（281.308±21.536on average） and high boiling point（371.311±29.904 ℃ on average）. Category Ⅱ included 27 components which had low molecular weight（103.722 ± 13.115 on average） and low boiling point（176.132±42.342 ℃ on average）. Category Ⅲ included 25components which had middle molecular weight（175.393 ± 24.906 on average） and middle boiling point（250.562±45.431 ℃ on average）. The content of high-molecularweight aroma components in middle leaves（547.344±224.391 μg/g） was much higher than that in upper leaves（477.549±182.066 μg/g）. The content of low-molecularweight aroma component in middle leaves（17.468±3.459 μg/g） was also significantly higher than that in upper leaves（15.936±3.456 μg/g）. The content of middle-molecular-weight aroma component in middle leaves（44.931 ±8.953 μg/g） was extremely significantly higher than that in upper leaves（37.997±6.042 μg/g）. [Conclusion] This study proposed a new way to classify the aroma components in flue-cured tobacco leaves using the relative molecular weight as the index, which will provide theoretical reference for developing special tobacco leaves.

Effect of Controlled Atmosphere Storage(CAS)Technology of Flue-cured Tobacco Laminas on the Alcoholization Quality of Tobacco

To achieve the continuous maintainence of optimum quality state of flue- cured tobacco laminas and the effective regulation and control on alcoholization time for controlled atmosphere storage （CAS） method in the process of storage, the lam- ina samples of natural alcoholization for 1 year were selected. Comparable analysis on the appearance quality, chemical components and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco laminas in the process of alcoholization was carried out by using the meth- ods of CAS and natural alcoholization. The results showed that appearance and color through the treatment of natural alcoholization were deep, browning and ac- companied by the phenomenon of oil, while color scale of flue-cured tobacco lami- nas through the treatment of CAS was uniform, fullness was better, and these two methods were close or identical after opening for 3 months. The contents of total sugar and reducing sugar during the process of alcoholization were also gradually decreased, but the ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar of laminas via CAS was higher than that of the natural alcoholization treatment. Compared with the natural alcoholization,the descending trends of total nitrogen and nicotine contents during CAS were gentler, the ratio via CAS was closer to 1, and the coordination of chemical components was more superior. During the period of alcoholization for 6 to 12 months, sensory quality of laminas via the natural alcoholization treatment was more superior than that of CAS treatment. However, after 18 months of alcoholiza- tion, sensory quality of laminas via the CAS treatment was more superior than that of the natural alcoholization treatment, and the CAS treatment could improve opti- mum sensory quality by 0.5 to 1.5 scores. Additionally, the CAS treatment could prolong the time of optimum alcoholization quality for 6 months, compared with the treatment of natural alcoholization. The CAS method could influence the alcohoJiza- tion quality of flue-cured tobacco laminas and prolong the retention period of opti- mum quality status for flue-cured tobacco laminas by regulating the environmental aas composition, thereby realizin.q quality control of flue-cured tobacco laminas.

Study on Chemical Characteristics of Rainfall in Tobacco-Growing Regions of Chenzhou, Hunan Province

In order to clarify the chemical properties of rainfall in typical tobacco areas in Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, and analyze its potential for soil and flue-cured tobacco planting, rainfall samples in 2020 were collected by rainfall instruments in Fangyuan Town and Aoquan Town of Guiyang County, and the chemical properties that are closely related to the quality of flue-cured tobacco were determined, such as pH, EC, total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (), ammonium nitrogen () and ion concentrations (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, , Al3+, , Cl−,). The results show that the pH values of rainfall samples at Fangyuan and Aoquan monitoring sites are in the range of 4.92 - 6.17 and 4.93 - 5.69 respectively, with an average of 5.27 and 5.27 respectively. The acid rain characteristic is very obvious, which is mainly dominated by . The variation of rainfall EC has seasonal characteristics. EC is low from January to September, in the range of 6.09 - 56.72 and 11.83 - 30.93 μS/cm respectively, besides, it is high from October to December, in the range of 102.63 - 174.60 and 25.05 - 86.37 μS/cm respectively. The annual deposition of TN was 22.19 and 20.76 kg/hm2/yr respectively, which were higher than that in the western regions with less human disturbance, but lower than or equal to that in the developed agricultural regions in eastern China. The proportion of in the annual deposition of TN was higher than that of at two monitoring sites, with an average of 56.51% and 38.86% respectively. Ammonia volatilization from agricultural activities contributed more to rainfall nitrogen content. The ratios of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen deposition at two monitoring points were 1.84, 1.81, 1.86 and 1.34, 1.46, and 1.29 during the whole year, summer and autumn, winter and spring respectively. The ratio is higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring. The weighted average equivalent concentrations of the main ions at two monitoring sites were 238.88 μeq/L and 211.21 μeq/L respectively, and the orders of the ion concentrations were slightly different. Both the concentrations of and are higher, while Mg2+, and Al3+ are lower. , and are mainly from human activities with a contribution rate between 91.90% and 99.35%. Ca2+ mainly comes from soil and ground dust, besides, Cl− and Mg2+ mainly come from marine sources and K+ mainly comes from terrestrial sources. In general, the acidic rainfall and higher concentration are beneficial to reducing the high pH value of soil in Aoquan tobacco area and improving the quality of flue-cured tobacco. Higher concentrations of and in rainfall are not conducive to the improvement of flue-cured tobacco quality, because of the high content of soil available sulfur in Chenzhou tobacco area and the characteristics of flue-cured tobacco’s preference for ammonium.

Identification of Quality Characteristics of Sun-cured Tobacco Leaves

[Objective] The aim was to explore tobacco varieties which satisfy tobacco formula and is suitable to be grown in ecotopes simultaneously. [Method] Interior and exterior qualities of tobacco were compared and identified based on agronomic and economic characters of tobacco in fields. [Result] Yunshai No.1 was better in both agronomic and economic characters. Specifically, the fragrance was dominated by empyreumatique and aroma; the highly-qualified variety is fragrant and sweet, with little irritation, which gives the tobacco smoke a light, mild flavor. As for Virgini- a934, economic characters were better, but agronomic characters were just ordinary. Similar to Yunshai No.l, dominated by empyreumatique and aroma, the variety was with distinctive resin and herbaceous fragrance. What＇s more, it tasted good with high quality and usability. Cunsanpi was ordinary in agronomic characters, and poor in economic characters, with coordinated quality and chemical composition. It is fra- grant and the smoke is clean. However, the quality was not so high and it tasted not so good. Tengruan No.2 was good in agronomic characters, but poor in eco- nomic characters, which gives delicate fragrance, but not clean enough. Waiweiba and Mijie Qinggeng neither taste well nor smell sweet, performing ordinary in agro- nomic and economic characters. Hence, the two varieties seem bad in quality and ranks poorly. [Conclusion] In terms of sensory quality, the varieties from high to low were Yunshai No.1, Virginia 934, Cunsanpi, Tengruan No.2, Waiweiba and Mijie Qinggeng.

3种类型烟草种质资源烟叶生物碱等化学成分差异性分析

为筛选能为科研、生产和育种利用的优异烟草种质资源。对来源于国内外的141份烤烟、18份白肋烟和6份雪茄烟的烟叶常规化学成分和主要生物碱进行检测、比较和聚类分析。结果表明:总糖和还原糖含量以烤烟最高,总氮、烟碱和氧化钾以白肋烟种质最高。总植物碱和烟碱含量以烤烟种质自来黄2243最高,雪茄烟种质Dutch(Ohio)最低;降烟碱和烟碱转化率以烤烟种质平板柳叶最高,以烤烟种质二性子和白肋烟种质Burley11B最低。聚类分析将165份种质分成4类,烤烟种质主要集中在第1和第4类,其主要特征是总糖和还原糖含量较高,烟碱转化率较低;第2类的总糖和还原糖含量低,总氮、总植物碱和氧化钾含量高;第3类的烟碱和总植物碱含量低,降烟碱含量高,烟碱转化率高。不同类型种质资源的化学成分和生物碱差异明显,筛选出的不同梯度烟碱的种质可为烟碱的进一步研究提供材料支撑。

主成分分析法在山东上部烟质量评价中的应用

本研究旨在运用主成分分析法对山东地区上部烟叶的质量进行综合评价,以便为该地区烤烟质量的准确评估提供科学依据。研究以山东10个主要植烟县2020年和2021年间105份B2F等级烟叶样品为材料,通过应用标准化法和主成分分析法对这些烟叶样品的物理特性和化学成分指标进行归类处理,并对各植烟县样品的上部烟叶质量进行分类。研究发现,单叶重与叶长和叶宽、叶片密度与叶片厚度、总糖与还原糖、烟碱与氮间极显著正相关,且主成分特征向量一致,可分别归为一类指标。根据物理特性评价结果,可将山东产区上部烟分为三类,根据化学成分评价结果,可将山东产区上部烟分为两类。综合考虑物理特性和化学成分评价结果,山东产区上部烟叶可分为四类。其中沂源、五莲、临朐为一类,兰陵、沂水、莒县、莱芜为一类,淄川、黄岛为一类,诸城则单独构成一类。

不同尺寸和结构的烟梗吸湿特性及其成因

【目的】研究细梗、中等梗、拐头的吸湿特性及其成因,以优化不同尺寸和结构的烟梗分组加工技术。【方法】采用自主研制的烟梗热湿特性分析装置考察3种烟梗的吸湿特性,使用扫描电镜观测样品表皮和梗横断面的微观结构,利用连续流动分析仪检测烟梗的化学组成。【结果】细梗、中等梗、拐头吸湿能力依次降低,随着空气湿度的增大,吸湿速率和平衡含水率增大,其吸湿曲线符合Weibull模型。细梗、中等梗、拐头表皮的气孔数量依次减少;中等梗和细梗横断面的气孔明显大于拐头的气孔。细梗、中等梗、拐头的总糖、还原糖和总植物碱含量依次减少,蛋白质含量依次增加。【结论】细梗、中等梗、拐头的吸湿速率与其孔隙发达程度正相关,且吸湿速率随着空气湿度的增大而增大;拐头、中等梗、细梗的平衡含水率依次增大,原因是其总糖(或还原糖)含量依次增大,提供了更多的水分吸附位点。不同尺寸和结构烟梗的吸湿特性差异明显,有必要按照尺寸和结构对烟梗进行分组加工。

有机肥+生物炭+微生物菌剂配施对烤烟多酚和化学成分的影响

以云烟87为研究对象,采用三因素三水平正交试验设计,设置3个生物炭(900、1800、2700 kg/hm^(2))、3个微生物菌剂(30、60、90 kg/hm^(2))和3种有机肥(羊粪肥、芝麻饼肥、菜籽饼肥)组合成9个处理,并以无机肥为对照处理,研究了上述因素对烤后烟叶多酚类和常规化学成分的影响。结果表明:生物炭施用量是影响烤烟的多酚和化学成分含量的主效因素,随着生物炭施用量的增加,烟叶的总糖、还原糖及各种多酚类物质含量均有所增加,施用2700 kg/hm^(2)生物炭的整体表现较优。微生物菌剂也是重要的影响因素,随着微生物菌剂施用量的增加,烟叶的总糖、还原糖、多酚类、绿原酸含量均有所增加,施用60 kg/hm^(2)微生物菌剂的整体表现较优。施用有机肥的影响则较小,其中,羊粪肥的表现相对较好。综上,最佳组合方式为2700 kg/hm^(2)生物炭+60 kg/hm^(2)微生物菌剂+羊粪肥,并且将其可应用于凉山产区烤烟的施肥管理中。

上部烟叶在热泵密集烤房稳温降湿烘烤工艺下的物质动态变化

为了探析热泵密集烤房稳温降湿烘烤工艺对上部烟叶物质动态变化的影响,以云烟87上部烟叶为试验材料,对稳温降湿和四步式烘烤工艺下烟叶中的水分、色素、淀粉和还原糖含量的动态变化及其相似性进行比较分析。结果表明:与四步式烘烤工艺相比,在黄片前期稳温降湿烘烤工艺处理烟叶的含水率更高,更有利于叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素的降解。稳温降湿烘烤工艺处理烟叶的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量分别较四步式烘烤工艺低7.51%、38.19%、9.53%,但烟叶的淀粉、还原糖含量差异不明显。不同物质在2种烘烤工艺处理下的动态变化相似性表现为水分>叶绿素a>淀粉>叶绿素b>还原糖>类胡萝卜素。烘烤过程中物质动态变化差异可以分为3类,第Ⅰ类包括水分、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、淀粉,2种烘烤工艺的差异主要发生在变黄期;第Ⅱ类为类胡萝卜素,整个烘烤过程,2种烘烤工艺均存在较大差异;第Ⅲ类为还原糖,2种烘烤工艺的差异主要表现在定色期和干筋期。综合分析,采用稳温降湿烘烤工艺有利于上部烟叶色素的降解。

非优质烤烟烟叶外观质量与化学成分特征分析

[目的]归纳非优质烤烟烟叶的常见特征,为其品质改良提供参考。[方法]以8个地市产区各10个工业等级样品为研究对象,比较不同质量档次烟叶外观质量得分和化学成分含量情况,并分析指标间的相关性。[结果]非优质烟叶外观质量主要特征部位间表现不同,下部叶为油分少、身份薄、均匀度差,中部叶为油分少、均匀度差、有杂色,上部叶为身份厚、有杂色、均匀度差;化学成分主要特征部位间表现趋势相似,均为含氮化合物、类胡萝卜素、有机酸含量偏高,糖类化合物偏低,但下部烟叶差异程度更大。烟叶颜色深度、身份厚度、叶片结构紧密度主要与含氮化合物及部分中性致香成分含量呈正相关;烟叶油分、均匀度、杂色得分主要与糖类化合物含量呈正相关,与部分有机酸含量呈负相关;杂色得分与含氮化合物含量呈负相关。[结论]非优质烤烟烟叶外观质量相对特征3个部位的侧重指标有所不同,化学成分差异有共性规律并与外观指标存在较强相关性。

有机肥配施对我国烟叶品质影响的整合分析

为研究有机无机肥配施对烤烟烟叶中主要化学成分的影响,探究不同影响因素下有机无机肥配施对烤烟烟叶主要化学成分含量的具体效应,以“烤烟”“有机肥”“品质”“化学成分”为关键词,检索并整合了国内相关的169篇文献,提取出631组主要数据建立数据库,选择对数响应比作为效应量进行整合分析。结果表明,相比于无机肥单独施用,有机无机肥配施可显著提升烟叶中还原性糖含量和糖碱比(5.5%和9.3%)、降低烟碱含量(-5.6%),还可小幅度提高烤烟香气质、香气量、余味、杂气、刺激性和细腻度(4.5%、5.2%、2.5%、1.5%、1.8%和3.4%)。有机无机肥配施在北方烟区土壤中对提升烤烟烟叶中还原性糖含量、糖碱比和降低烟碱含量有更明显的效果(18.06%、25.86%、−5.26%);有机无机肥配施在相对贫瘠的土壤上效果更明显,当土壤有效氮含量小于100 mg·kg^(-1)时,其增加烤烟烟叶中还原性糖含量和糖碱比、降低烟碱含量的效果更加明显(6.82%、14.11%、-9.43%)。当烤烟种植密度在15000~17000株·hm^(-2)时,有机无机肥配施对提高烟叶中还原性糖、钾离子含量和糖碱比、降低烟碱含量有更好的效果(9.53%、9.42%、18.06%、-7.04%)。当有机氮比例为50%时,有机无机肥配施有大幅降低烟碱含量、提升烟叶中钾离子、还原性糖含量和糖碱比的效果(-8.80%、11.50%、8.9%、13.80%)。综上所述,有机无机肥配施对烤烟烟叶中还原性糖、钾离子、烟碱、糖碱比影响较大,且能通过影响烟叶化学成分含量来协调烤烟的感官质量。在北方烟区或当土壤有效氮磷钾含量较低、无机氮投入总量大于100 kg·hm^(-2)、肥料有机氮比例为50%时,有机无机肥配施更有利于烤烟烟叶中钾离子、还原性糖的积累,降低烟碱含量,提升糖碱比。因此,在烤烟种植和施肥前,应根据对烟叶化学成分的需求,综合考量环境、土壤、施肥等因素,制定合适的有机无机肥配施方案,以达到生产目的。

臭氧对过度醇化片烟原料质量的影响

为研究臭氧对过度醇化片烟原料质量的影响并解决过度醇化片烟霉变问题,分别设置了2组不同臭氧浓度水平(0、50、100、150μmol/mol;0、100、200、300μmol/mol)和3个臭氧处理时间(30、60、90 d),研究臭氧对已醇化3年和7年烟叶的祛霉效果及颜色和品质的影响。结果表明,200μmol/mol臭氧处理烟叶60 d后即可杀灭霉菌并祛除大部分霉味,50~150μmol/mol臭氧处理烟叶90 d后可明显抑制颜色向棕黑色方向转变。对于已醇化3年烟叶,臭氧处理会产生较大的负面作用,使品质变差,对于已醇化7年烟叶,臭氧处理会产生较大的正面作用,且100μmol/mol臭氧对烟叶品质的改善效果最优。因此,臭氧可以改善过度醇化片烟原料质量,提高其利用价值,并有效祛除烟叶霉变,解决片烟原料霉变问题。但是,对于刚过最佳醇化期的烟叶,不宜采用臭氧处理。

潍坊烟区不同品种烤烟化学成分差异及评价

采用近红外光谱法检测潍坊烟区不同品种烤烟的化学成分含量,分析化学成分差异,并利用主成分分析和聚类分析法进行评价。结果表明:除中川208外,其他品种总糖、还原糖含量及钾氯比均处于适宜范围。云烟301烟碱含量适宜,其他品种烟碱含量均不在适宜范围。各品种的总氮、钾、氯、蛋白质含量均适宜,糖碱比均高于15.00,中烟101和NC55的淀粉含量适宜。主成分综合得分由高到低依次为中川208、中烟100、NC55、中烟特香301、中烟101、云烟301。聚类后可以分为3类,第一类为中川208、NC55、中烟100,有高糖、高氯、低碱、高糖碱比、低钾氯比的特点,第二类为中烟特香301和中烟101,第三类为云烟301,有低糖、低氯、高碱、低糖碱比、高钾氯比的特点。

适宜延边地区种植的烤烟品种筛选

为筛选适宜延边地区推广种植的烤烟品种,以吉烟九号为对照,以云烟121、中烟特香301等7个引进的烤烟品种为材料进行筛选试验,通过调查各品种植物学性状、主要农艺性状、经济性状及化学成分等,考察各品种在研究区种植的综合表现。结果表明,中川208植株高大,身份较好,光泽鲜亮,经济性状表现突出;秦烟99株型中等,产量产值高,烟叶品质相对较好;其他品种特性在研究区暂没有充分表现出来,可进一步进行栽培试验。中川208和秦烟99在研究区综合表现较好,可在研究推广种植。

山东省不同类型烟叶质量特征差异及原因分析

为明确山东省不同类型烟叶质量特征差异及原因,本研究连续3年采集山东烟区烟叶样品,分析不同类型烟叶物理特性、化学成分和感官评吸质量,通过相关分析,解析影响评吸质量的主要因素。结果表明:中、上部叶物理特性方面,香吃味型最好,香味型居其次,吃味型最低,表现在部分吃味型中、上部叶发育过旺,叶片大小、单叶重、叶面密度超出适宜范围。化学成分方面,香味型中部叶化学成分协调性最好,香吃味型中部叶居于其次,吃味型中部叶最低,主要是部分吃味型烟叶淀粉、氯离子含量高且钾氯比低;3种类型上部叶化学成分协调性基本一致。感官评吸质量方面,中部叶质量得分为香味型最高,香吃味型其次,吃味型最低,差异主要体现在香气质、余味、杂气、刺激性等指标;3种类型上部烟叶评吸质量差异不明显。相关分析表明,叶宽对中部叶评吸质量产生显著负效应,叶长、叶片厚度对上部叶评吸质量产生显著负效应;钾和钾氯比对中部叶评吸质量产生显著正效应,而还原糖、硫、氯离子、纤维素、半纤维素产生显著负效应;还原糖、总糖对上部叶评吸质量产生显著正效应,而烟碱、纤维素产生负效应。吃味型中部叶评吸质量较低,与其叶片发育过旺及硫、氯含量较高有关;3种类型上部叶评吸质量无显著差异,但其原因各有不同,香味型、香吃味型上部叶虽然钾含量高、氯离子含量低,但总糖含量低、烟碱含量高,糖碱比协调性变差,而吃味型上部叶钾含量低、氯离子含量高,总糖含量高、烟碱含量低,糖碱比协调。因此,需针对不同类型烟叶的问题,采取相应农艺措施,提高烟叶质量。