In this work,the gas-Cherenkov detector with an off-axis parabolic reflector(Opr GCD)is designed using the Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit,which is helpful to improve the collection efficiency of Cherenkov photo...In this work,the gas-Cherenkov detector with an off-axis parabolic reflector(Opr GCD)is designed using the Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit,which is helpful to improve the collection efficiency of Cherenkov photons.The method to study the performance of Opr GCD based on femtosecond laser-wakefield-accelerated electron beams is presented.Cherenkov signals with high signal-to-noise ratio were obtained,and the measured Cherenkov signals changing with the CO2 pressure were consistent well with the simulation results.The design and study of this Opr GCD system lay the foundation for the application of fusion gamma diagnostics system in large laser facilities of China.展开更多
The water Cherenkov detector array(WCDA) is an important part of the large high-altitude air shower observatory(LHAASO),which is in a research and development phase.The central scientific goal of LHAASO is to explore ...The water Cherenkov detector array(WCDA) is an important part of the large high-altitude air shower observatory(LHAASO),which is in a research and development phase.The central scientific goal of LHAASO is to explore the origin of high-energy cosmic rays of the universe and to push forward the frontier of new physics.To simplify the WCDA's readout electronics,a prototype of a front-end readout for an application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC) is designed based on the timeover-threshold method to achieve charge-to-time conversion.High-precision time measurement and charge measurement are necessary over a full dynamic range[1-4000photoelectrons(P.E.)].To evaluate the performance of this ASIC,a test system is designed that includes the front-end ASIC test module,digitization module,and test software.The first module needs to be customized for different ASIC versions,whereas the digitization module and test software are tested for general-purpose use.In the digitization module,a field programmable gate array-based time-todigital converter is designed with a bin size of 333 ps,which also integrates an inter-integrated circuit to configure the ASIC test module,and a universal serial bus interface is designed to transfer data to the remote computer.Test results indicate that the time resolution is better than 0.5 ns,and the charge resolution is better than 30%root mean square(RMS) at 1 P.E.and 3%RMS at 4000 P.E.,which are beyond the application requirements.展开更多
“A Craftsman Must Sharpen His Tools to Do His Job,”said Confucius.Nuclear detection and readout techniques are the foundation of particle physics,nuclear physics,and particle astrophysics to reveal the nature of the...“A Craftsman Must Sharpen His Tools to Do His Job,”said Confucius.Nuclear detection and readout techniques are the foundation of particle physics,nuclear physics,and particle astrophysics to reveal the nature of the universe.Also,they are being increasingly used in other disciplines like nuclear power generation,life sciences,environmental sciences,medical sciences,etc.The article reviews the short history,recent development,and trend of nuclear detection and readout techniques,covering Semiconductor Detector,Gaseous Detector,Scintillation Detector,Cherenkov Detector,Transition Radiation Detector,and Readout Techniques.By explaining the principle and using examples,we hope to help the interested reader underst and this research field and bring exciting information to the community.展开更多
The research on geoneutrinos is a new interdisciplinary subject involving particle experiments and geo-science.Potassium-40(40K)decays contribute roughly to 1/3 of the radiogenic heat of the Earth,which is not yet acc...The research on geoneutrinos is a new interdisciplinary subject involving particle experiments and geo-science.Potassium-40(40K)decays contribute roughly to 1/3 of the radiogenic heat of the Earth,which is not yet accounted for by experimental observation.Solar neutrino experiments with liquid scintillators have observed uranium and thorium geoneutrinos and are the most promising experiments with regard to low-background neutrino detection.In this study,we present the new concept of using liquid-scintillator Cherenkov detectors to detect the neutrino-electron elastic scattering process of 40K geoneutrinos.Liquid-scintillator Cherenkov detectors using a slow liquid scintillator achieve this goal with both energy and direction measurements for charged particles.Given the directionality,we can significantly suppress the dominant intrinsic background originating from solar neutrinos in conventional liquid-scintillator detectors.We simulated the solar-and geo-neutrino scatterings in the slow liquid scintillator detector,and implemented energy and directional reconstructions for the recoiling electrons.We found that 40K geoneutrinos can be detected with three-standard-deviation accuracy in a kiloton-scale detector.展开更多
Based on theoretical calculation and Monte Carlo simulation,this paper proposes a new method for the diagnosing of 16.7 MeV high-energy pulse gamma,named "scattering absorption method". The ratio of the sens...Based on theoretical calculation and Monte Carlo simulation,this paper proposes a new method for the diagnosing of 16.7 MeV high-energy pulse gamma,named "scattering absorption method". The ratio of the sensitivity of high-energy gamma to that of the low-energy background gamma can reach 106 to 108 by this new method. The sensitivity of 16.7 MeV high-energy gamma ranges from 10-21 to 10-16 C·cm2. It's better than the traditional method which is based on the magnetic analyzer and Cherenkov detector on some aspects.展开更多
讨论了羊八井大型高海拔宇宙线探测实验(Large High Altitude Air Observatory,LHAASO)的水切伦科夫探测器阵列(water Cherenkov detector array,WCDA)分布式电子学系统原理。并设计了一个包括两个原型模块的原理验证电子学系统,用于验...讨论了羊八井大型高海拔宇宙线探测实验(Large High Altitude Air Observatory,LHAASO)的水切伦科夫探测器阵列(water Cherenkov detector array,WCDA)分布式电子学系统原理。并设计了一个包括两个原型模块的原理验证电子学系统,用于验证相关原理,包括远距离大范围时钟分配方案和回声原理的校准方法。测试结果表明分布式电子学原理满足WCDA实验需求,并将运用到实际工程设计中。展开更多
在脉冲辐射混合场(n,γ)中进行γ射线参数测量,要求探测器系统必须有很快的时间响应,还应有很高的γ/n分辨能力。本文详述了切伦科夫(Cherenkov)辐射原理,用蒙特卡罗软件MCNP模拟计算了γ、中子在不同光纤阵列材料中的能量沉积,根据计...在脉冲辐射混合场(n,γ)中进行γ射线参数测量,要求探测器系统必须有很快的时间响应,还应有很高的γ/n分辨能力。本文详述了切伦科夫(Cherenkov)辐射原理,用蒙特卡罗软件MCNP模拟计算了γ、中子在不同光纤阵列材料中的能量沉积,根据计算结果选择铅玻璃作为光纤阵列切伦科夫辐射体,配合常聚甲基丙烯甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA)塑料光纤光导传输,由光电倍增管转换为电信号输出,研制了一种γ灵敏切伦科夫铅玻璃光纤阵列探测器。在中国原子能科学研究院的600 k V高压倍加器上进行了14.1 MeV中子灵敏度实验,又在西北核技术研究所60Co源上完成了1.25 MeVγ灵敏度实验。实验数据与模拟结果推算得出的数据基本相符,表明该探测器系统具有较高的γ/n分辨能力,可满足在脉冲中子、γ辐射混合场中对γ射线参数测量的分辨能力要求。展开更多
文摘In this work,the gas-Cherenkov detector with an off-axis parabolic reflector(Opr GCD)is designed using the Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit,which is helpful to improve the collection efficiency of Cherenkov photons.The method to study the performance of Opr GCD based on femtosecond laser-wakefield-accelerated electron beams is presented.Cherenkov signals with high signal-to-noise ratio were obtained,and the measured Cherenkov signals changing with the CO2 pressure were consistent well with the simulation results.The design and study of this Opr GCD system lay the foundation for the application of fusion gamma diagnostics system in large laser facilities of China.
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJCX2-YW-N27)the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics(CCEPP)
文摘The water Cherenkov detector array(WCDA) is an important part of the large high-altitude air shower observatory(LHAASO),which is in a research and development phase.The central scientific goal of LHAASO is to explore the origin of high-energy cosmic rays of the universe and to push forward the frontier of new physics.To simplify the WCDA's readout electronics,a prototype of a front-end readout for an application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC) is designed based on the timeover-threshold method to achieve charge-to-time conversion.High-precision time measurement and charge measurement are necessary over a full dynamic range[1-4000photoelectrons(P.E.)].To evaluate the performance of this ASIC,a test system is designed that includes the front-end ASIC test module,digitization module,and test software.The first module needs to be customized for different ASIC versions,whereas the digitization module and test software are tested for general-purpose use.In the digitization module,a field programmable gate array-based time-todigital converter is designed with a bin size of 333 ps,which also integrates an inter-integrated circuit to configure the ASIC test module,and a universal serial bus interface is designed to transfer data to the remote computer.Test results indicate that the time resolution is better than 0.5 ns,and the charge resolution is better than 30%root mean square(RMS) at 1 P.E.and 3%RMS at 4000 P.E.,which are beyond the application requirements.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12222512,U2032209,12075045,12335011,1875097,11975257,62074146,11975115,12205374,12305210,11975292,12005276,12005278,12375193,12227805,12235012,12375191,12005279)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1601300)+13 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB34000000)the CAS Pioneer Hundred Talent Programthe CAS“Light of West China”Programthe Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.101300261)the Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Fund(2023JJ12GX013)the Special Projects of the Central Government in Guidance of Local Science and Technology Development(Research and development of three-dimensional prospecting technology based on Cosmic-ray muons)(YDZX20216200001297)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Gansu(20JR10RA645)the Lanzhou University Talent Cooperation Research Funds sponsored by both Lanzhou City(561121203)the Gansu provincial science and technology plan projects for talents(054000029)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.1232033)the Beijing Hope Run Special Fund of Cancer Foundation of China(No.LC2021B23)the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(No.2020B0301030008)the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.GJJSTD20210009)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2021450)。
文摘“A Craftsman Must Sharpen His Tools to Do His Job,”said Confucius.Nuclear detection and readout techniques are the foundation of particle physics,nuclear physics,and particle astrophysics to reveal the nature of the universe.Also,they are being increasingly used in other disciplines like nuclear power generation,life sciences,environmental sciences,medical sciences,etc.The article reviews the short history,recent development,and trend of nuclear detection and readout techniques,covering Semiconductor Detector,Gaseous Detector,Scintillation Detector,Cherenkov Detector,Transition Radiation Detector,and Readout Techniques.By explaining the principle and using examples,we hope to help the interested reader underst and this research field and bring exciting information to the community.
基金Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11620101004,11235006,11475093)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2018YFA0404102)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory of Particle&Radiation Imaging(Tsinghua University)the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics(CCEPP)
文摘The research on geoneutrinos is a new interdisciplinary subject involving particle experiments and geo-science.Potassium-40(40K)decays contribute roughly to 1/3 of the radiogenic heat of the Earth,which is not yet accounted for by experimental observation.Solar neutrino experiments with liquid scintillators have observed uranium and thorium geoneutrinos and are the most promising experiments with regard to low-background neutrino detection.In this study,we present the new concept of using liquid-scintillator Cherenkov detectors to detect the neutrino-electron elastic scattering process of 40K geoneutrinos.Liquid-scintillator Cherenkov detectors using a slow liquid scintillator achieve this goal with both energy and direction measurements for charged particles.Given the directionality,we can significantly suppress the dominant intrinsic background originating from solar neutrinos in conventional liquid-scintillator detectors.We simulated the solar-and geo-neutrino scatterings in the slow liquid scintillator detector,and implemented energy and directional reconstructions for the recoiling electrons.We found that 40K geoneutrinos can be detected with three-standard-deviation accuracy in a kiloton-scale detector.
文摘Based on theoretical calculation and Monte Carlo simulation,this paper proposes a new method for the diagnosing of 16.7 MeV high-energy pulse gamma,named "scattering absorption method". The ratio of the sensitivity of high-energy gamma to that of the low-energy background gamma can reach 106 to 108 by this new method. The sensitivity of 16.7 MeV high-energy gamma ranges from 10-21 to 10-16 C·cm2. It's better than the traditional method which is based on the magnetic analyzer and Cherenkov detector on some aspects.
文摘讨论了羊八井大型高海拔宇宙线探测实验(Large High Altitude Air Observatory,LHAASO)的水切伦科夫探测器阵列(water Cherenkov detector array,WCDA)分布式电子学系统原理。并设计了一个包括两个原型模块的原理验证电子学系统,用于验证相关原理,包括远距离大范围时钟分配方案和回声原理的校准方法。测试结果表明分布式电子学原理满足WCDA实验需求,并将运用到实际工程设计中。
文摘在脉冲辐射混合场(n,γ)中进行γ射线参数测量,要求探测器系统必须有很快的时间响应,还应有很高的γ/n分辨能力。本文详述了切伦科夫(Cherenkov)辐射原理,用蒙特卡罗软件MCNP模拟计算了γ、中子在不同光纤阵列材料中的能量沉积,根据计算结果选择铅玻璃作为光纤阵列切伦科夫辐射体,配合常聚甲基丙烯甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA)塑料光纤光导传输,由光电倍增管转换为电信号输出,研制了一种γ灵敏切伦科夫铅玻璃光纤阵列探测器。在中国原子能科学研究院的600 k V高压倍加器上进行了14.1 MeV中子灵敏度实验,又在西北核技术研究所60Co源上完成了1.25 MeVγ灵敏度实验。实验数据与模拟结果推算得出的数据基本相符,表明该探测器系统具有较高的γ/n分辨能力,可满足在脉冲中子、γ辐射混合场中对γ射线参数测量的分辨能力要求。