[Objective]This paper aimed at studying the liquefaction technology of chestnut shells [Method]Effects on chestnut shells liquefaction of six catalysts were studied,which were sodium hydroxide,sodium carbonate,acetic ...[Objective]This paper aimed at studying the liquefaction technology of chestnut shells [Method]Effects on chestnut shells liquefaction of six catalysts were studied,which were sodium hydroxide,sodium carbonate,acetic acid（99.5%）,phosphoric acid（85%）,hydrochloric acid（37%）,sulfuric acid（98%）.The research had analyzed the liquefaction effects of chestnut shells in presence of phenol and at liquefaction temperatures of 130,150 and 170 ℃,in which the proportion of added quantities of concentrated sulfuric acid,phosphoric acid,concentrated hydrochloric acid to phenol were 1%-6%.Properties of phenolic resin made from formaldehyde and phenol-liquefied products of chestnut shells catalyzed by concentrated sulfuric acid with an added amount of 4% at 150 ℃（WPF）were analyzed and compared with traditional phenolic formaldehyde resin（PF）.[Result]Acid catalysts were better than alkaline ones in the phenol-liquefaction of chestnut shells,and the liquefaction ratio increased with the increasing of acidic intensity.The liquefaction ratio had attained the maximum as 92.11 % when catalyzed by concentrated sulfuric acid with an added amount of 4% at 150 ℃.The phenolic resin made from the liquefied products of chestnut shells was basically in accordance with the standard of GB/T 14732-93 when the mass ratio of chestnut shells powders to phenol was 1∶3.[Conclusion]It was possible to produce phenolic resin with liquefied chestnut shells.展开更多
Porous carbons （PC） were prepared from a waste biomass named chestnut shell via a two-step method involving carbonization and KOH activation. The morphology, pore structure and surface chemical properties were inves...Porous carbons （PC） were prepared from a waste biomass named chestnut shell via a two-step method involving carbonization and KOH activation. The morphology, pore structure and surface chemical properties were investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, N2 sorption, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. The carbons have been evaluated as the electrode materials for supercapacitors by a two-electrode system in 6 mol/L KOH electrolyte. Benefiting from the porous texture, high surface area and high oxygen content, the PCs derived from chestnut shell have exhibited high specific capacitance of 198.2 （PC-l）, 217.2 （PC-2） and 238.2 F·g^-1 （PC-3） at a current density of 0.1 Aog l, good rate capability of 55.7%, 56.6% and 54.9% in a range of 0.1 -20 A·g^-1 and high energy density of 5.6, 6.1 and 6.7 Wh·kg^-1, respectively. This is believed to be due to electric double layer capacitance induced by the abundant micropores and extra pseudo-capacitance generated by oxygen-containing groups. At a power density of 9000 Wh·kg^-1, the energy density is 3.1, 3.5 and 3.7 Whokg 1 for PC-l, PC-2 and PC-3, respectively, demonstrating the potential of the carbons derived from chestnut shells in energy storage devices.展开更多
基金Supported by Project of Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Z07090500550704)the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(102102210447)~~
文摘[Objective]This paper aimed at studying the liquefaction technology of chestnut shells [Method]Effects on chestnut shells liquefaction of six catalysts were studied,which were sodium hydroxide,sodium carbonate,acetic acid（99.5%）,phosphoric acid（85%）,hydrochloric acid（37%）,sulfuric acid（98%）.The research had analyzed the liquefaction effects of chestnut shells in presence of phenol and at liquefaction temperatures of 130,150 and 170 ℃,in which the proportion of added quantities of concentrated sulfuric acid,phosphoric acid,concentrated hydrochloric acid to phenol were 1%-6%.Properties of phenolic resin made from formaldehyde and phenol-liquefied products of chestnut shells catalyzed by concentrated sulfuric acid with an added amount of 4% at 150 ℃（WPF）were analyzed and compared with traditional phenolic formaldehyde resin（PF）.[Result]Acid catalysts were better than alkaline ones in the phenol-liquefaction of chestnut shells,and the liquefaction ratio increased with the increasing of acidic intensity.The liquefaction ratio had attained the maximum as 92.11 % when catalyzed by concentrated sulfuric acid with an added amount of 4% at 150 ℃.The phenolic resin made from the liquefied products of chestnut shells was basically in accordance with the standard of GB/T 14732-93 when the mass ratio of chestnut shells powders to phenol was 1∶3.[Conclusion]It was possible to produce phenolic resin with liquefied chestnut shells.
基金We are grateful for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 21402108, 21476132, 51302156 and 21576158）, the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province （No. ZR2014BQ036） and the Young Teacher Supporting Fund of Shandong University of Technology.
文摘Porous carbons （PC） were prepared from a waste biomass named chestnut shell via a two-step method involving carbonization and KOH activation. The morphology, pore structure and surface chemical properties were investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, N2 sorption, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. The carbons have been evaluated as the electrode materials for supercapacitors by a two-electrode system in 6 mol/L KOH electrolyte. Benefiting from the porous texture, high surface area and high oxygen content, the PCs derived from chestnut shell have exhibited high specific capacitance of 198.2 （PC-l）, 217.2 （PC-2） and 238.2 F·g^-1 （PC-3） at a current density of 0.1 Aog l, good rate capability of 55.7%, 56.6% and 54.9% in a range of 0.1 -20 A·g^-1 and high energy density of 5.6, 6.1 and 6.7 Wh·kg^-1, respectively. This is believed to be due to electric double layer capacitance induced by the abundant micropores and extra pseudo-capacitance generated by oxygen-containing groups. At a power density of 9000 Wh·kg^-1, the energy density is 3.1, 3.5 and 3.7 Whokg 1 for PC-l, PC-2 and PC-3, respectively, demonstrating the potential of the carbons derived from chestnut shells in energy storage devices.
