Determination of Sparfloxacin Concentrations in Chicken Serums and Residues in Chicken Tissues and Manures Using Self-Ordered Ring Fluorescence Microscopic Imaging Technique

Based on the self-ordered ring(SOR) fluorescence microscopic imaging technique on a hydrophobic glass slide with Zn 2+ and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide(CTMAB) as sensitizer,and poly(vinyl alcohol)-124(PVA-124) and NH 3-NH 4 Cl(pH 10.00) as the medium,a method has been developed for determining sparfloxacin(SPFX) concentrations in chicken serum and residues in chicken tissues and manures.When the droplet volume was 0.20 μ L,SPFX was determined in the range of 1.38×10-13 ～2.03×10-12 mol.ring-1(or 6.90×10-7 ～1.02×10-5 mol.L-1),and the limit of detection(LOD) was 14fmol.ring-1(or 6.90× 10-8 mol.L-1).The recoveries of SPFX at all different spiked levels are in the range of 90.74%～106.61% when the methanol or acetonitrile were used as extracting agent,respectively,and the relative standard deviations(RSDs) are less than 3.0%.This study expands the applied fields of SOR technique in drug concentrations and residues determination.

Effects of Astragalus Powder on Serum Lipid and Body Fat Content of Fast Large-scale Quality Chickens

[ Objective] To study the effects of astragalus powder on serum lipids and body fat contents of fast large-scale quality chickens, and thus provide a theoretical basis for its application in poultry production,[ Method ] All the 180 1-day-old healthy Liangfeng chickens were randomly divided into six groups. Group 1 was the control group, fed with basal diet; group 2, group 3 and group 4 were fed with basal diet added with 0.75%, 1.0% and 1.25% astragalus powder, respectively; group 5 and group 6 were separately fed with basal diet added with 1.0% and 1.25% astragalus pow- der, but the astragalus powder was used for 10 d and then was forbidden for 10 d in turn during the whole experiment. The content of triglyceride （TG）, total cholesterol （TCHO）, high-density lipoprotein-Cholesterol （ HDL-C）, and low-density lipoprotein-Cholesterol （LDL-C） were respectively determined when the chickens were 35-day-old and 63-day-old, while the percentage of abdominal fat （PAF） as well as intramuscular fat （IMF） and subcutaneous fat ply （SFP） was measured when the chickens were 63-day-old. [ Result] In 35-day-old chickens, the levels of TCHO were sig- nificantly or very significantly lower in group 3, group 4, and group 6 than in control group （ P 〈0.05 or 0.01 ） ; the levels of LDL-C significantly lower in group 3 and group 6 （ P〈0. 05） ; the level of HDL-C significantly higher in group 5 （P〈0.05）. In 63-day-old chickens, the levels of TCHO and LDL-C were significantly or very significantly lower in group 3, group 4, and group 5 than in control group （ P 〈 0.05 or 0.01 ） while the levels of HDL-C were significantly higher in these groups; the PAF was significantly lower in group 3 （ P 〈 0.05）. [ Condasion] Astragalus powder should re- duce the levels of TG, TCHO and LDL-C, promote HDL-C content, and also play a certain regulative role in deposition of abdominal fat.

Effects of Dietary Picria felterrae Lour Extracts on Serum Biochemical Indexes and Immune Function of Guangxi Partridge Chickens

[Objective] This trial was to investigate the effect of dietary Picria felterrae Lour extracts on serum biochemical indexes and immune function of Guangxi Partridge chickens. [Method] Totally 500 individuals of 1-day-old Guangxi Partridge chickens were randomly divided into five groups, five replicates each group and 20 chicks each replicate. Groups A, B and C were treatment groups supplemented with 0.70%, 0.35% and0.175% P. felterrae extracts in the basal diet, respectively; group D was a medical control group supplemented with 0.01% colistin sulfate premix in the basal diet; and group E was a control group with basal diet. Serum samples were collected from 10 chickens in each group at 21, 35 and 49 days of age, to analyze the biochemical and immune indexes. [Result] It had no significant impact on serum TP and GLU contents of chickens by adding different levels of P. felterrae extracts in the basal diet（P 〉0.05）. However, at 21 and 35 days of age, the TBILI content of chickens in groups A, B and C were extremely lower or significantly lower than that in group E（ P〈0.01; P〈0.05）. At 35 days of age, the serum AKP activities in groups A, B and C were extremely higher than that in group E（P〈0.01）, and the serum GOT activities at 21 and 35 days of age in group C were significantly higher than that in group E（P〈0.05）. At 49 days of age, the serum Ig G content in groups A, B and C and the IL-2 content in group B and group C were significantly lower or extremely lower than that in group E（ P〈0.05; P〈0.01）; the T-AOC content in group B was significantly higher than that in group E（P〈0.05）; the GSH content in groups A, B and C were significantly higher than that in group E（ P〈0.05）. Adding different levels of P. felterrae extracts in the diet significantly decreased the TBILI content, reduced the Ig G, IL-2 and IL-6 contents, and improved the AKP and GOT activities and the T-AOC and GSH contents of Guangxi Partridge chicken. [Conclusion] Adding 0.35% P. felterrae extracts in the basal diet received the best effort.

Effect of Pine Needle on Immunity and Serum Cholesterol of Chickens

The research aimed to study the effects of pine needle on immunity and serum cholesterol of chickens. Totally 240 healthy Roman cocks （one day old） were randomly divided into four groups, three replicates each group and 20 chickens per replicate. The chickens in contrel group were fed with basal diet and nor- real drinking water; the chickens in groups I and II were fed with the basal diet added with 0.5 and 1.0 g/ehieken pine needle powder, respectively; the chickens in group HI were fed with pine needle decoction at the dose of 0.5 g/chicken. The pre-trial lasted 4 d, and the former trial lasted 70 d. The results showed that the percentages of CD3＋ CD4 ＋ T lymphocytes in groups I, II and III were higher than that in control group at the 15th day after the first immunization, but the percenta- ges in groups 1 and II were lower than that in control group at the 30th , 45th and 60th days, and the percentage in group III was lower than that in control group at the 45th day. The percentages of CD3＋ CD8 ＋ T lymphocytes in groups I, II and III were higher than that in control group at the 15th, 30th and 45th days after the first immunization, but the percentages in groups I and III were lower than that in control group at the 60th day. At the 14th and 21st days after the first immunization, the levels of NDV antibody in groups I and II were lower than that in control group, but the levels at the 28th and 35th days were higher than that in control group. The level of NDV antibody in group III was higher than that in control group at the 14th and 21st days while it was lower at the 7th and 35th days. The levels of serum total cholesterol and trigtyceride in groups I, II and III had lower trend compared with control group, and the levels of serum triglyceride in groups I and II were significantly lower than that in control group and group III （P 〈0.05 ）. The levels of serum low density lipoprotein in groups II and III were lower than that in control group, while the level of serum high density lipoprotein in group II was higher than that in control group, but there were no significant differences （P 〉 0.05 ）. In conclusion, pine needle has many functions as follows ： promoting the proliferation and differentiation of T lymphocytes, improving the content of CD3＋CD4 ＋ and CD3 ＋ CD8＋ lymphocyte, collaborating with vaecine to enhance the specific immune, and reducing the serum cholesterol level in different degrees.

Effects of High Dietary Fluoride on Serum Biochemistry and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Broiler Chickens

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high dietary fluoride (F) on serum biochemistry and oxidative damage in broiler chickens. 280 one-day-old healthy avian broiler chickens were randomly allotted into four equal groups and fed with a corn-soybean basal diet containing 22.6 mg·F/kg (control group) or same basal diets supplemented with 400, 800, and 1200 mg·F/kg (high F groups I, II, and III) in the form of sodium fluoride for 42 days. At 42 days of age, the serum F content was markedly higher in the three high F groups than that in the control group. From 28 to 42 days of age, the contents of serum total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) were significantly lower in the three high F groups. From 14 to 42 days of age, the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the creatinine (Crea) contents in the serum showed a marked increase in the three high F groups;aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and uric acid (Ua) content were significantly increased, and a significant increase in the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) along with marked decreases in the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), the glutathione (GSH) content and the ability to inhibit hydroxyl radical were observed in the high F groups II and III. In conclusion, F has accumulated in the blood circulatory system and dietary F in the range of 800 - 1200 mg/kg could significantly induce abnormalities of bone, liver and kidney, inhibit the synthesis of protein, enhance lipid peroxidation and disturb the antioxidative system of broiler chickens.

The Correlation between the Activities of Digestive Enzymes in the Pancreas and Blood Serum in Chicken

It is presently an established fact that pancreatic enzymes (amylase, lipase, and trypsin) can enter the bloodstream as well as the intestine. These enzymes normally circulate within the bloodstream in definite concentration ranges. There is a lack of available information on the interrelationships between the enzymatic activities in pancreatic juice and blood serum in poultry. The study presented was aimed at the determination of possible correlation between the activities of the digestive enzymes in pancreatic juice or pancreatic tissue and in blood serum in chicken. The study was performed on Leghorn cockerels with chronically fistulated main pancreatic duct, and broiler chicks at different ages (14, 24, 28, and 35 days). Activities of all digestive enzymes in pancreatic juice in cockerels were found to grow in 1 hr after the feeding: amylase by 1.8 times, lipase 1.5 times, and proteases 1.3 times compared to basal level (after starving). Activity of trypsin in serum significantly increased by 67.4% in 1 hr after the feeding (P 0.001) while activities of amylase and lipase remained at their respective preprandial levels. The activities of pancreatic enzymes in the pancreas and blood serum in broilers at different ages were positively correlated: r = 0.54 for amylase, r = 0.96 for lipase, and r = 0.99 for trypsin. The strong positive correlation between tryptic activities in the pancreas or pancreatic juice and in blood serum in chicken can be a starting point for further research on the functions of circulatory trypsin which can include the regulation of exocrine pancreatic activity and other vital functions.

Comparison of the Serum Proteins and Immune Responses of Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus Infected Chickens and Ducks

The effect of velogenic Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) on the immune responses and serum proteins was investigated in six-week-old ducks and chickens. Results showed that weight loss was markedly significant (p < 0.05) from days 3 - 21 (PI) in chickens and mild (p < 0.05) on days 3 and 15 PI in ducks. The antibody response obtained showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in infected chickens (IC) than those of the infected ducks (ID). While the total serum protein and serum globulin increased significantly (p < 0.05) in IC on days 7 and 14 PI, they decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in ID only on day 21 PI. The immune responses and serum protein values in this experiment X-ray showed less susceptibility of ducks when compared with the chickens. This may be related to marked anorexia and severe dehydration observed in the latter consequent upon serum concentration. Ducks could be maintaining the endemicity of Newcastle disease (ND) as reservoir host.

日粮添加三丁酸甘油酯对肉鸡生长性能、养分消化率和血清生化指标的影响

文章旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平三丁酸甘油酯对肉鸡综合性能的影响。本试验将160只体重相近、健康无病的1日龄肉鸡随机分为4组,每组4个重复。对照组肉鸡饲喂基础日粮。试验I、II和III组分别在基础日粮中添加1000、1500、2000mg/kg三丁酸甘油酯。预饲期7d,正试期42d。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组肉鸡的42日龄体重和平均日增重显著增加(P <0.05),试验II、III组肉鸡的料重比显著降低(P <0.05),但平均日采食量无显著差异(P> 0.05);试验组干物质、粗蛋白质、粗纤维及能量的表观消化率均显著增加(P <0.05);试验组肉鸡血清中总蛋白质含量和高密度脂蛋白含量显著增加(P <0.05),总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量显著降低(P <0.05),各试验组肉鸡血清中低密度脂蛋白含量较对照组无显著差异(P> 0.05)。总的来讲,日粮中添加三丁酸甘油酯能有效改善肉鸡生长性能,提升养分表观消化率,改善血清生化指标,综合考虑,肉鸡日粮中三丁酸甘油酯的最适添加量为1500mg/kg。

复方中草药制剂对林下绿壳蛋乌鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和血清生化指标的影响

本研究旨在探究日粮中添加不同水平的复方中草药制剂对林下绿壳蛋乌鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标的影响。选取520日龄健康、体质量接近的绿壳蛋乌鸡560羽,随机分成4组,分别为对照组和试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的复方中草药制剂,试验期45 d。结果显示,日粮中添加不同水平的复方中草药制剂对林下绿壳蛋乌鸡的平均蛋重、平均产蛋率、绿壳蛋破损率有显著影响,其中Ⅱ组平均蛋重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组平均产蛋率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组绿壳蛋破损率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);日粮中添加不同水平的复方中草药制剂对绿壳蛋蛋黄相对重、蛋白高度、蛋黄水分含量、蛋黄指数及哈氏单位有显著影响,其中Ⅱ组绿壳蛋蛋黄相对重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组绿壳蛋蛋白高度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组绿壳蛋水分含量显著低于对照组和Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组绿壳蛋蛋黄指数显著高于对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组绿壳蛋哈氏单位显著高于对照组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05);日粮中添加不同水平的复方中草药制剂对林下绿壳蛋乌鸡的血清总蛋白(TP)、球蛋白(GLO)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)有显著影响,其中Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组血清TP含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组血清GLO含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组血清ALT活性显著高于对照组和Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组血清TC和TG含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上,日粮中添加不同水平的复方中草药制剂能改善绿壳蛋乌鸡的产蛋性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标,且以1.0%添加量的复方中草药制剂效果最佳。

金针菇菌糠对三黄鸡生长性能、血清生化指标、免疫器官指数及回肠形态的影响

试验旨在研究金针菇菌糠对三黄鸡生长性能、血清生化指标、免疫器官指数和回肠形态的影响。试验选取1日龄体重相近健康的三黄鸡192只(公、母各半),随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加2%、5%和7%金针菇菌糠。试验期48 d。结果显示,金针菇菌糠对三黄鸡生长性能、脾脏指数和回肠形态无显著影响(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,7%金针菇菌糠能够提高法氏囊指数(P<0.05),增加血清中白蛋白和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平(P<0.05),降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、尿素氮、胆固醇和甘油三酯水平(P<0.05)。研究表明,饲喂金针菇菌糠对三黄鸡生长性能和回肠形态无影响,添加7%金针菇菌糠可以改善免疫器官指数、血清脂质代谢和蛋白质代谢。

纳豆粉与红曲粉联合对固始鸡生长性能、血清抗氧化指标、肠道菌群及养分表观代谢率的影响

试验旨在研究不同水平的纳豆粉与红曲粉联合对固始鸡生长性能、血清抗氧化指标、肠道菌群及养分表观代谢率的影响。选取30日龄体重相近、健康雄性固始鸡200只,随机分成5组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只鸡。CK组饲喂基础饲粮,T_(1)组在基础饲粮中添加1%纳豆粉与1%红曲粉,T_(2)组在基础饲粮中添加2%纳豆粉与2%红曲粉,T_(3)组在基础饲粮中添加2%纳豆粉与5%红曲粉,T_(4)组在基础饲粮中添加5%纳豆粉与2%红曲粉。预试期7 d,正式试验期50 d。结果显示:与CK组相比,T_(2)组~T_(4)组固始鸡的平均日增重显著增加(P<0.05),T_(1)组~T_(4)组料重比显著降低(P<0.05);T_(1)组~T_(4)组固始鸡血清中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著提高(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05);T_(1)组~T_(4)组固始鸡盲肠内大肠杆菌数量显著减少(P<0.05),乳酸杆菌数量显著增加(P<0.05);T_(2)组~T_(4)组固始鸡盲肠内双歧杆菌数量显著增加(P<0.05);T_(1)组~T_(4)组固始鸡对粗蛋白和粗脂肪的代谢率显著提高(P<0.05);T_(2)组~T_(4)组固始鸡对有机物的代谢率显著提高(P<0.05)。研究表明,纳豆粉与红曲粉联合应用可提高固始鸡生长性能和饲粮养分表观代谢率,改善血清抗氧化指标,维持固始鸡肠道健康,在饲粮中添加2%的纳豆粉与2%的红曲粉效果较好。

日粮添加复合酶制剂对肉仔鸡生长性能、血清生化指标和经济效益的影响

文章旨在探究日粮添加复合酶制剂(Complex Enzyme Preparations,CEP)对肉仔鸡生长性能、血清生化指标和经济效益的影响。试验共计42d,将1200只健康的1日龄白羽肉鸡随机分为4组,每组10个重复,每个重复30羽肉鸡。在初始体重一致的前提下(P> 0.05),与对照组相比,日粮添加200和400mg/kg组肉鸡的终末体重分别显著提高1.9%和2.4%(P <0.05);日粮添加200和400mg/kg组料重比分别显著降低7.6%和8.8%(P <0.05);此外,日粮添加CEP对肉鸡平均日增重和平均日采食量无显著影响(P> 0.05)。日粮添加200mg/kgCEP显著提高肉鸡血清TP、IgG(P <0.05);日粮添加200和400mg/kgCEP显著提高肉鸡血清ALB含量、T-AOC能力(P <0.05);日粮添加CEP显著降低肉鸡血清MDA含量(P <0.05);此外,日粮添加CEP对肉鸡BUN、IgA、IgM含量均无显著影响(P> 0.05)。日粮添加CEP后,饲料价格分别为2.98、2.996、3.012和3.044元/kg,饲料总成本分别为13.21、12.93、12.57和12.60元/只,此外,因生长性能的提高,本试验各组毛利润分别为11.31、11.69、12.42和12.51元/只。在本试验条件下,肉鸡日粮CEP最适添加量为200mg/kg。

发酵牡丹籽粕对黄山黑鸡生产性能、蛋品质、蛋黄中脂肪酸含量及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵牡丹籽粕对黄山黑鸡生产性能、蛋品质、蛋黄中脂肪酸含量及血清生化指标的影响。选取240日龄产蛋率及体重相近的黄山黑鸡864只,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复72只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加5%(5%FPSM组)和9%发酵牡丹籽粕(9%FPSM组)的试验饲粮。预试期1周,正试期8周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,5%FPSM组的产蛋率显著升高(P<0.05),料蛋比和平均日采食量显著降低(P<0.05);9%FPSM组的产蛋率和平均日采食量极显著降低(P<0.01)。2)与对照组相比,9%FPSM组的蛋形指数显著升高(P<0.05),蛋壳颜色显著降低(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,5%FPSM组的蛋黄中ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量显著升高(P<0.05);9%FPSM组的蛋黄中总饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量和ω-6/ω-3 PUFA显著或极显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),总PUFA和ω-3 PUFA含量显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。4)与对照组相比,5%FPSM组的血清甘油三酯(TG)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性及总抗氧化力(T-AOC)极显著升高(P<0.01),血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量极显著降低(P<0.01);9%FPSM组的血清低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、TG、尿素氮(UN)、IgA、IgM含量和ALP活性及T-AOC显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和丙二醛(DMA)含量极显著降低(P<0.01)。由此可见,饲粮中添加5%的发酵牡丹籽粕可提高黄山黑鸡的生产性能;添加5%和9%的发酵牡丹籽粕可提高黄山黑鸡的蛋黄中ω-3 PUFA含量,提高机体抗氧化能力和免疫力。本试验条件下,黄山黑鸡饲粮中发酵牡丹籽粕的适宜添加比例为5%。

酒糟蛋白替代豆粕对九斤黄鸡生长性能、血清生化和免疫指标的影响

[目的]研究不同比例的湿磨预处理去壳酱香型酒糟蛋白(wet milling pretreated and dehulled-moutai distiller's grains, WDMDG)替代豆粕对九斤黄鸡生长性能、血清生化和免疫指标的影响,为WDMDG替代豆粕提供科学依据。[方法]选取1日龄健康九斤黄公雏450只,随机分为3组,每组设3个重复,每个重复50只鸡,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ和试验Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加5%、8%WDMDG等营养替代豆粕,试验为期26 d,分别测定九斤黄鸡平均日增质量、平均日采食量、料重比和死淘率,并对九斤黄鸡血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮含量、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活力和IgG、IgA、lgM水平进行测定。[结果]与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ和试验Ⅱ组九斤黄鸡的各项生产性能均没有显著差异,试验Ⅰ和试验Ⅱ组鸡血清中尿素氮含量分别提高了4.88%(P>0.05)和19.51%(P<0.05),各组鸡血清中总蛋白、白蛋白含量、谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活力及IgG、IgA和IgM水平差异均不显著。[结论]在九斤黄鸡日粮中采用5%WDMDG等营养替代基础日粮中部分豆粕,对其日增质量、料重比、死淘率、血清生化指标和免疫指标均无显著负面影响。

低蛋白日粮添加晶体氨基酸对21~60日龄青脚麻母鸡生长性能、血清生化指标和屠宰性能的影响

文章旨在研究低蛋白质日粮添加6种晶体氨基酸(赖氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、精氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸)对青脚麻母鸡生长性能、血清生化指标和屠宰性能的影响。试验将720只21日龄的青脚麻母鸡分成对照组和试验组,每组6个重复,每个重复60只,21~40 d对照组和试验组粗蛋白质水平分别为19.5%、16.5%,D-lys为1%,按照理想氨基酸模型比例补充6种氨基酸(赖氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、精氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸)达到一致水平。41~60 d对照组和试验组粗蛋白质水平分别为18%、15%,D-lys为0.85%,按照理想氨基酸模型比例补充6种氨基酸(赖氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、精氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸)达到一致水平。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组青脚麻母鸡的生长性能、血清生化指标和屠宰性能均无显著变化(P>0.05)。综上所述,在理想氨基酸模型下日粮中粗蛋白水平降低3%,21~60日龄青脚麻母鸡的生长性能、血清生化指标和屠宰性能均不受影响。

能量与蛋白质水平对静原鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、血液生化指标及代谢组的影响

【目的】研究不同能量和蛋白质水平对育成期静原鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、血液生化及代谢组的影响,为确定育成期静原鸡适宜日粮能量、蛋白质水平提供依据。【方法】选取7周龄静原鸡公鸡540只,随机分为9组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。采用2因子×3水平试验设计,因子1为日粮能量水平,设有低、中、高能量组,分别为11.28、11.70、12.12 MJ/kg,因子2为日粮蛋白质水平,设有低、中、高蛋白质组,分别为14.00%、15.50%、17.00%,试验期77 d。【结果】①日粮能量、蛋白质水平及交互作用显著影响末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比(P<0.05,下同),中能量-中蛋白质组(ME-MP组)末重、平均日增重最高,料重比最低;低能量-高蛋白质组(LE-HP组)平均日采食量最低。②日粮能量水平显著影响胸肌率、腿肌率,中能量组胸肌率、腿肌率最高。日粮能量、蛋白质交互作用对屠体率、半净膛率有显著影响,中能量-中蛋白质组(ME-MP组)屠体率、胸肌率、腿肌率最高。③日粮能量水平显著影响尿素含量,中能量组尿素含量最低。日粮蛋白质水平显著影响血糖,高蛋白质组血糖含量最高。日粮能量、蛋白质交互作用显著影响血清总蛋白、白蛋白及游离脂肪酸,中能量-中蛋白质组(ME-MP组)血清总蛋白含量最高、高能量-高蛋白质组(HE-HP组)血清白蛋白含量最高、中能量-高蛋白质组(ME-HP组)游离脂肪酸含量最高。④通过血液代谢组学分析共筛选出16种显著差异代谢物,主要富集在β-丙氨酸代谢、花生四烯酸新陈代谢通路、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸生物合成、初级胆汁酸生物合成、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸降解等通路。【结论】日粮能量、蛋白质水平可显著影响育成期静原鸡公鸡生长性能、屠宰性能,这可能与其通过影响血清生化指标及代谢通路调控有关,能量、蛋白质需要量综合表明中能量-中蛋白质水平适宜于育成期静原鸡公鸡营养需要,其推荐水平分别为11.70 MJ/kg,蛋白质水平为15.50%。

饲粮代谢能水平对14~17周龄北京油鸡血清抗氧化、免疫指标及肌肉游离氨基酸含量的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮代谢能水平对14~17周龄北京油鸡血清抗氧化和免疫指标及肌肉游离氨基酸含量的影响。选取13周龄北京油鸡600只(公母各半),随机分为3组,每组200只。组内各性别分别设置5个重复。3个处理组分别饲喂低代谢能(12.20 MJ/kg)、中代谢能(12.64 MJ/kg)、高代谢能(13.08 MJ/kg)3种不同的日粮。预试期1周,正试期4周(14~17周龄)。结果显示:①饲粮代谢能水平和性别对血清过氧化物酶活性有显著交互作用(P<0.05),中代谢能组母鸡过氧化物酶活性显著高于中代谢能组公鸡(P<0.05);性别对血清超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性有显著影响(P<0.05),母鸡血清超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于公鸡(P<0.05),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著低于公鸡(P<0.05);②代谢能水平和性别对血清IgA、IgG、IgM、γ-干扰素含量有显著交互作用(P<0.05),饲粮代谢能水平对血清IgA、IgM、白细胞介素-6含量有显著影响(P<0.05);中代谢能组IgA含量显著低于其他两组(P<0.05);低代谢能组IgM含量显著低于其他两组(P<0.05);高代谢能组白细胞介素-6含量显著高于其他两组(P<0.05)。性别对血清IgA、IgG、α-干扰素含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。母鸡IgA和α-干扰素含量显著高于公鸡(P<0.05)。公鸡IgG含量显著高于母鸡(P<0.05)。③饲粮代谢能水平和性别对14~17周龄北京油鸡肌肉中部分游离氨基酸含量有显著影响(P<0.05),且在中代谢能水平下含量最高;公鸡总氨基酸、甜味氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸含量显著高于母鸡(P<0.05)。研究表明:代谢能水平对14~17周龄北京油鸡血清抗氧化指标无显著影响;代谢能为13.08 MJ/kg时,免疫性能较好;代谢能为12.64 MJ/kg时,肌肉游离氨基酸含量最高,甜味氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸、必需氨基酸、总氨基酸含量最高,味道更鲜,品质最优;从游离氨基酸含量分析,公鸡较母鸡风味更佳。

热应激对鸡生产性能、血清生化和肠道微生物影响研究进展

热应激是全球鸡生产面临的重要环境应激挑战之一,它是动物受到外界环境影响时所做出的一系列的非特异性应激反应的总和。热应激会导致鸡的采食量减少、生长性能下降、血液生化指标改变和肠道微生物菌群紊乱,严重影响鸡的生产力。热应激还能够降低鸡的防御机制和免疫功能,增加炎症因子表达,引起机体抗氧化指标升高,并显著影响鸡肠道菌群组成和多样性,其中大肠杆菌和甲烷芽孢杆菌为重要的预测因子,起到重要的预见作用。鸡在热应激环境下的生理调节包括心率增加、呼吸急促及体内氧化代谢增强等症状。在实际生产过程中,通过加强饲养管理、改善饲养环境和添加抗应激物,如微量元素锌及各种维生素,可有效缓解热应激带来的危害。作者综述了热应激对鸡生产性能、血清生化、抗氧化及肠道菌群结构组成等相关指标的具体影响,为鸡饲养管理过程中热应激预防提供一定的理论依据。

大骨鸡公鸡各生长阶段不同生长速度对血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究大骨鸡公鸡血清生化指标变化规律,分析不同生长速度间的血清生化指标差异。试验将1日龄263羽公鸡饲养至24周龄,自第3周开始,每单周末随机选5只鸡采血,测定血清生化指标。第12周龄,随机取高(H组)、低(L组)体重鸡各12只,准确计量体重并采血测定血清生化指标。结果显示:各周龄公鸡血清白蛋白、球蛋白、总二氧化碳、钙、总胆红素、尿素氮与周龄呈显著或极显著正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),白球比、总胆汁酸、葡萄糖、无机磷与周龄呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。除血清中谷草转氨酶无显著差异(P>0.05)外,各饲养阶段其他血清指标均有显著差异(P<0.05)。12周龄H组血清中总胆汁酸含量显著高于L组(P<0.05),葡萄糖含量极显著低于L组(P<0.01),体重与血清中总胆汁酸、脂肪酶和葡萄糖呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)相关。研究表明,试验确定了大骨鸡公鸡各饲养阶段的血清生化指标含量及差异,明确第12周龄大骨鸡公鸡体重与血清中胆汁酸、葡萄糖和脂肪酶有关,并可用数学模型估测体重。

饲粮中添加三七渣对西畴乌骨鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究在饲粮中添加三七渣对西畴乌骨鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及肉品质的影响。将270只体重相近、28日龄的西畴乌骨鸡分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复18只西畴乌骨鸡,公、母各半。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组分别在基础饲粮中添加4%和8%的三七渣。预试期7 d,正式试验期为60 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组料重比显著降低(P<0.05),肌肉氨基酸总量显著提高(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组平均日采食量、血清甘油三酯、肌肉粗脂肪和饱和脂肪酸含量均显著降低(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组肌肉水分、不饱和脂肪酸、必需脂肪酸含量显著提高(P<0.05)。研究表明,饲粮中添加三七渣可以提高西畴乌骨鸡生长性能,改善血清生化指标和肉品质,西畴乌骨鸡生产中添加4%的三七渣较为适宜。