The Tongling ore district is one of the most economically important ore areas in the Middle–Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, eastern China. It contains hundreds of polymetallic copper–gold deposits and occurre...The Tongling ore district is one of the most economically important ore areas in the Middle–Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, eastern China. It contains hundreds of polymetallic copper–gold deposits and occurrences. Those deposits are mainly clustered(from west to east) within the Tongguanshan, Shizishan, Xinqiao, Fenghuangshan, and Shatanjiao orefields. Until recently, the majority of these deposits were thought to be skarn-or porphyry–skarn-type deposits; however there have been recent discoveries of numerous vein-type Au, Ag, and Pb-Zn deposits that do not fall into either of these categories. This indicates that there is some uncertainty over this classification. Here, we present the results of several systematic geological studies of representative deposits in the Tongling ore district. From investigation of the ore-controlling structures, lithology of the host rock, mineral assemblages, and the characteristics of the mineralization and alteration within these deposits, three genetic types of deposits(skarn-, porphyry-, and vein-type deposits) have been identified. The spatial and temporal relationships between the orebodies and Yanshanian intrusions combined with the sources of the ore-forming fluids and metals, as well as the geodynamic setting of this ore district, indicate that all three deposit types are genetically related each other and constitute a magmatic–hydrothermal system. This study outlines a model that relates the polymetallic copper–gold porphyry-, skarn-, and vein-type deposits within the Tongling ore district. This model provides a theoretical basis to guide exploration for deep-seated and concealed porphyry-type Cu(–Mo, –Au) deposits as well as shallow vein-type Au, Ag, and Pb–Zn deposits in this area and elsewhere.展开更多
1 Introduction The eastern Tianshan region covers around 60000 km2in area and is located in the eastern part of Xinjiang.The district contains various types mineral commodities including Cu,Ni,Au,Fe,Pb and Zn(Wang et ...1 Introduction The eastern Tianshan region covers around 60000 km2in area and is located in the eastern part of Xinjiang.The district contains various types mineral commodities including Cu,Ni,Au,Fe,Pb and Zn(Wang et al.,2006).The Dannanhu belt in eastern part of the area is interpreted as a volcanic arc and forms an important mineralized zone bordered by the Turpan-Hami Basin to the north and Kanggur back-arc basin to the south.展开更多
Underground prospecting within the L ubin- Sieroszowice mining area which took place during last5 years,led to a discovery of a new type of Au,Pt and Pd mineralisation located 0 - 0 .5 m below the copper- silver orebo...Underground prospecting within the L ubin- Sieroszowice mining area which took place during last5 years,led to a discovery of a new type of Au,Pt and Pd mineralisation located 0 - 0 .5 m below the copper- silver orebody in the south- western part of the Polish Permian Basin.The gold- bearing zone lies mainly in the Weissliegendessandstone (L ower Permian) , butlocally transgresses the stratigraphic sequence into the overlying kupferschieferand Wer- ra limestone(Zechstein) .Gold deposit lies in a secondary red- coloured variety of the above mentioned sedimentary strata.The oxidation in the underlying sandstone is reflected by red spots and dots containing fine grains of hematite dispersed in a carbonate- clay matrix.The secondary oxidation is peneconcordant in relation to the reducing facies which contains cop- per sulphides and to the Rote Faule,thatis early diagenetic.Between redbeds(gold bearing zone) and black,reduced sediments (Kupferschiefer) ,a transition zone has been recognized. This transition zone is characterized by the low grade of copper mineralisation.Thickness of the gold depositvaries from few centimetresto1.5 metres with an average of about0 .2 5 me- tres.The highestthickness of Au- depositis observed in placeswhere oxide fronttransgress- es the copper- silver deposit.Gold content ranges from 0 .5 up to 10 6 ppm with an average grade of(0 .717- 3.491)× 10 -6depending on the counting block.Gold- bearing horizon is peneconcordantand is characterized by the presence of high fineness native gold,electrum, hematite,and minor pyrite,chalcopyrite,digenite,chalcocite,covellite,rammelsbergite, clausthalite and展开更多
The Dongfengnanshan Cu polymetallic deposit is one representative deposit of the Tianbaoshan ore district in the Yanbian area, northeast(NE) China. There occur two types of ore bodies in this deposit, the stratiform o...The Dongfengnanshan Cu polymetallic deposit is one representative deposit of the Tianbaoshan ore district in the Yanbian area, northeast(NE) China. There occur two types of ore bodies in this deposit, the stratiform ore bodies and veintype ones, controlled by the Early Permian strata and the Late Hercynian diorite intrusion, respectively. Due to the ambiguous genetic type of the stratiform ore bodies, there has been controversy on the relationship between them and veintype ore bodies. To determine the genetic type of stratiform ore bodies, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS) in situ trace elements and S–Pb isotope analysis have been carried on the sulfides in the stratiform ore bodies. Compared with that in skarn, Mississippi Valley-type(MVT), and epithermal deposits, sphalerite samples in the stratiform ore bodies of the Dongfengnanshan deposit are significantly enriched in Fe, Mn, and In, while depleted in Ga, Ge, and Cd, which is similar to the sphalerite in volcanic-associated massive sulfide(VMS) deposits. Co/Ni ratio of pyrrhotites in the stratiform ore bodies is similar to that in VMS-type deposits. The concentrations of Zn and Cd of chalcopyrites are similar to those of recrystallized VMS-type deposits. These characteristics also reflect the intermediate ore-forming temperature of the stratiform ore bodies in this deposit. Sulfur isotope compositions of sulfides are similar to those of VMS-type deposits, reflecting that sulfur originated from the Permian Miaoling Formation. Lead isotope compositions indicate mixed-source for lead. Moreover, the comparison of the Dongfengnanshan stratiform ore bodies with some VMStype deposits in China and abroad, on the trace elements and S–Pb isotope characteristics of the sulfides reveals that the stratiform ore bodies of the Dongfengnanshan deposit belong to the VMS-type, and have closely genetic relationship with the early Permian marine volcanic sedimentary rocks.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(grant numbers 41472066,40972063 and 41672038)the Program of the Deep Exploration in China(SinoProb-03-05)+1 种基金the National KeyR&S Program of China(2016 YFC0600209)the Land and Resources Science and Techonolgy Foundation of Anhui Province(2016-K-03 and No.2014-K-03)
文摘The Tongling ore district is one of the most economically important ore areas in the Middle–Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, eastern China. It contains hundreds of polymetallic copper–gold deposits and occurrences. Those deposits are mainly clustered(from west to east) within the Tongguanshan, Shizishan, Xinqiao, Fenghuangshan, and Shatanjiao orefields. Until recently, the majority of these deposits were thought to be skarn-or porphyry–skarn-type deposits; however there have been recent discoveries of numerous vein-type Au, Ag, and Pb-Zn deposits that do not fall into either of these categories. This indicates that there is some uncertainty over this classification. Here, we present the results of several systematic geological studies of representative deposits in the Tongling ore district. From investigation of the ore-controlling structures, lithology of the host rock, mineral assemblages, and the characteristics of the mineralization and alteration within these deposits, three genetic types of deposits(skarn-, porphyry-, and vein-type deposits) have been identified. The spatial and temporal relationships between the orebodies and Yanshanian intrusions combined with the sources of the ore-forming fluids and metals, as well as the geodynamic setting of this ore district, indicate that all three deposit types are genetically related each other and constitute a magmatic–hydrothermal system. This study outlines a model that relates the polymetallic copper–gold porphyry-, skarn-, and vein-type deposits within the Tongling ore district. This model provides a theoretical basis to guide exploration for deep-seated and concealed porphyry-type Cu(–Mo, –Au) deposits as well as shallow vein-type Au, Ag, and Pb–Zn deposits in this area and elsewhere.
基金financially supported by Chinese National Basic Research 973 Program(2014CB440803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41572077)China Geological Survey Bureau(12120114065801,121201001000150010 and 121201004000150017-43)
文摘1 Introduction The eastern Tianshan region covers around 60000 km2in area and is located in the eastern part of Xinjiang.The district contains various types mineral commodities including Cu,Ni,Au,Fe,Pb and Zn(Wang et al.,2006).The Dannanhu belt in eastern part of the area is interpreted as a volcanic arc and forms an important mineralized zone bordered by the Turpan-Hami Basin to the north and Kanggur back-arc basin to the south.
文摘Underground prospecting within the L ubin- Sieroszowice mining area which took place during last5 years,led to a discovery of a new type of Au,Pt and Pd mineralisation located 0 - 0 .5 m below the copper- silver orebody in the south- western part of the Polish Permian Basin.The gold- bearing zone lies mainly in the Weissliegendessandstone (L ower Permian) , butlocally transgresses the stratigraphic sequence into the overlying kupferschieferand Wer- ra limestone(Zechstein) .Gold deposit lies in a secondary red- coloured variety of the above mentioned sedimentary strata.The oxidation in the underlying sandstone is reflected by red spots and dots containing fine grains of hematite dispersed in a carbonate- clay matrix.The secondary oxidation is peneconcordant in relation to the reducing facies which contains cop- per sulphides and to the Rote Faule,thatis early diagenetic.Between redbeds(gold bearing zone) and black,reduced sediments (Kupferschiefer) ,a transition zone has been recognized. This transition zone is characterized by the low grade of copper mineralisation.Thickness of the gold depositvaries from few centimetresto1.5 metres with an average of about0 .2 5 me- tres.The highestthickness of Au- depositis observed in placeswhere oxide fronttransgress- es the copper- silver deposit.Gold content ranges from 0 .5 up to 10 6 ppm with an average grade of(0 .717- 3.491)× 10 -6depending on the counting block.Gold- bearing horizon is peneconcordantand is characterized by the presence of high fineness native gold,electrum, hematite,and minor pyrite,chalcopyrite,digenite,chalcocite,covellite,rammelsbergite, clausthalite and
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No. 41772062)
文摘The Dongfengnanshan Cu polymetallic deposit is one representative deposit of the Tianbaoshan ore district in the Yanbian area, northeast(NE) China. There occur two types of ore bodies in this deposit, the stratiform ore bodies and veintype ones, controlled by the Early Permian strata and the Late Hercynian diorite intrusion, respectively. Due to the ambiguous genetic type of the stratiform ore bodies, there has been controversy on the relationship between them and veintype ore bodies. To determine the genetic type of stratiform ore bodies, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS) in situ trace elements and S–Pb isotope analysis have been carried on the sulfides in the stratiform ore bodies. Compared with that in skarn, Mississippi Valley-type(MVT), and epithermal deposits, sphalerite samples in the stratiform ore bodies of the Dongfengnanshan deposit are significantly enriched in Fe, Mn, and In, while depleted in Ga, Ge, and Cd, which is similar to the sphalerite in volcanic-associated massive sulfide(VMS) deposits. Co/Ni ratio of pyrrhotites in the stratiform ore bodies is similar to that in VMS-type deposits. The concentrations of Zn and Cd of chalcopyrites are similar to those of recrystallized VMS-type deposits. These characteristics also reflect the intermediate ore-forming temperature of the stratiform ore bodies in this deposit. Sulfur isotope compositions of sulfides are similar to those of VMS-type deposits, reflecting that sulfur originated from the Permian Miaoling Formation. Lead isotope compositions indicate mixed-source for lead. Moreover, the comparison of the Dongfengnanshan stratiform ore bodies with some VMStype deposits in China and abroad, on the trace elements and S–Pb isotope characteristics of the sulfides reveals that the stratiform ore bodies of the Dongfengnanshan deposit belong to the VMS-type, and have closely genetic relationship with the early Permian marine volcanic sedimentary rocks.
