Relationship between Authoritative Parenting Style and Preschool Children’s Emotion Regulation:A Moderated Mediation Model

An authoritative parenting style has been shown to promote children’s emotion regulation in European-American family studies.However,little is known about how sleep problems and the child’s sibling status in Chinese families affect this relationship.Based on family system theory,this study attempts to better understand the relationship between authoritative parenting style and emotion regulation.Mothers of preschool children in Chinese kindergartens completed questionnaires about their children’s sleep habits,their authoritative parenting styles,and children’s emotion regulation.A total of 531 children participated in this study.Results showed that authoritative parenting was positively associated with emotional regulation.Sleep problems mediated the effects of authoritative parenting style on emotion regulation.The child’s sibling status moderated the mediating effects of sleep problems in authoritative parenting and emotion regulation relationships.Specifically,the relationship between the authoritative parenting style and sleep problems was significant for only children,while birth order had no significant influence on the authoritative parenting style and sleep problems in two-child families.These findings suggest that a lowauthoritative parenting style predicts low emotion regulation through sleep problems,and this depends on the child’s sibling status,indicating that children without siblings may impair emotion regulation due to increased sleep problems.

Postoperative diarrhea in Crohn's disease:Pathogenesis,diagnosis,and therapy

Diarrhea is a frequent symptom in postoperative patients with Crohn’s diseases(CD),and several different mechanisms likely account for postoperative diarrhea in CD.A targeted strategy based on a comprehensive understanding of postoperative diarrhea is helpful for better postoperative recovery.

The Treatment of Children's Diarrhea with Massage and Acupunture in 58 cases

ＴｈｅＴｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＣｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ＇ｓＤｉａｒｒｈｅａｗｉｔｈＭａｓｓａｇｅａｎｄＡｃｕｐｕｎｔｕｒｅｉｎ５８ｃａｓｅｓ￥ＦｕＧｕｉｑｉｎｇ；ＸｉａＬｉｈｕａ，ｅｔａｌ．（ＡｆｆｉｌｉａｔｅｄＨｏｓｐｉｔａｌｔｏＪｉＸｉＣｏａｌＭｅｄｉｃａ...

Child’s Point of View vs.Adult’s in Melville’s Early Two Stories

This paper aims to study the functions of two different points of view from the perspective of narratology,namely,the point of view of the adult and the one of the child,in two of Herman Melville’s early stories.By contrasting these two functions of the different perspectives,the author of this paper draws the conclusion that the child has a unique and significant perspective in Melville’s works.

Mapping the Child’s Grey Interior:Authenticity of Plague Narrative in The Great Plague

The Great Plague:The Diary of Alice Paynton,London 1665-1666 adopts the realistic painting style and direct writing to the painful experience,describes the situation of the Great Plague in London truly from the perspective of children,and breaks people’s cognitive expectation of children’s literature,the construction of children’s Gray inner world is completed behind the true description of the Great Plague in London with the true brushwork,which presents a different world of childlike innocence.Despite the importance of epidemics writing in literature,the child’s diary perspective of them is one of the least developed of Plague Narrative.Only when authenticity and the child’s grey interior are integrated will we reveal a true picture of society as it was.

猪流行性腹泻病毒S蛋白原核表达及其单克隆抗体制备

本研究以猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)全基因组为模板,利用RT-PCR方法扩增PEDV S基因的亲水区,将其克隆至pMAl-c2E原核表达载体,获得重组质粒pMAl-c2E-PEDV-S。经EcoRⅠ/SalⅠ双酶切测序鉴定后,转化BL21菌,经IPTG诱导,成功表达了约74 kDa的重组蛋白MBP-PEDV-S,亲和层析法纯化重组蛋白。将重组蛋白免疫3只健康的6~8周龄雌性BALB/c小鼠,将小鼠脾脏B淋巴细胞与SP2/0瘤细胞融合,采用间接ELISA方法筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞株,获得了4株能稳定分泌抗PEDV S蛋白抗体的杂交瘤细胞株1B11、1B10、1C8、3L3,其腹水效价都高于1∶100000。获得的4株单克隆抗体与PEDV经IFA和Western blot检测,结果显示均具有良好的反应性。而且3株单克隆抗体重链为IgG2a,1株重链为IgG2b;3株轻链为Kappa,1株轻链为Lambda。本研究表达了PEDV S蛋白并制备了单克隆抗体,为研究S蛋白的结构和功能提供了条件,为揭示PEDV致病机制奠定了基础。

2016年~2022年福建地区猪流行性腹泻病毒S基因的遗传变异分析

为了解2016年~2022年福建地区猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)流行现状及遗传变异情况,本研究对从福建地区采集的231份疑似猪流行性腹泻(PED)发病仔猪病料样品经RT-PCR进行PEDV的检测,选取不同地区22份PEDV阳性样品经PCR扩增S基因并测序,采用MegAlign分析PEDV S基因及其编码氨基酸序列的相似性,采用MEGA7.0软件构建其系统发育树,采用MegAlign分析S基因编码氨基酸序列的分子特征,分别利用RDP4、SimPlot、MEGA7.0软件进行S基因的重组分析,并利用BEAST软件进行该基因分歧时间估算。结果显示,福建地区PEDV总阳性率为51.51%(119/231),福建5个不同地区PEDV阳性率为40.00%~63.16%。从22份PEDV阳性样品中获得19条PEDV S基因序列,全长4149 bp~4161 bp,共编码1382 aa~1386 aa,19株PEDV S基因序列及其编码氨基酸序列之间相似性分别为94.4%~100%和93.8%~100%。19株PEDV S基因系统发育分析结果显示,其中18株PEDV属于GIIb亚型,1株属于GIb亚型。S蛋白氨基酸序列分析结果显示,与经典疫苗株CV777相比,18株GIIb亚型PEDV S蛋白的氨基酸序列在aa55~aa56、aa135~aa136和aa155~aa156处存在插入与缺失,具有典型的PEDV变异株的分子特征;其中14株还出现了独特的aa1193缺失。与GII型疫苗株AJ1102相比,19株PEDV S1区氨基酸突变率为60.00%~83.82%,其中18株GIIb亚型PEDV S1区氨基酸突变位点中有10个位于S蛋白重要结构域;基因重组分析结果显示,有3株PEDV S基因存在重组事件,其中FJLY01-2018株由GD-B株和CH-S株重组而来,FJLY02-2018株由CH/HNPJ/2017株和PEDV4-S-3株重组而来,FJLY03-2022株由PEDV-1931-1-Valladolid-Molpeceres株和HUA-M17株重组而来;S基因分歧时间估算结果显示,福建地区GIIa亚型、GIIb亚型、GIa亚型及GIb亚型PEDV的最早分歧时间约为1995年、2009年、2010年和2011年。上述结果表明福建地区PEDV流行率较高,田间流行株基因型具有多样性,且存在重组现象,临床上应予以高度重视。本研究为福建地区PED的流行病学调查及免疫防控提供了参考。

表达猪流行性腹泻病毒变异株S基因重组伪狂犬病病毒的构建与鉴定

为研制预防猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)变异株感染的重组伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)活载体疫苗,本研究应用PRV变异株的细菌人工染色体和同源重组技术,将PEDV流行株的S基因表达盒插入PRV基因组UL40与UL41之间的非编码区,构建重组病毒rPRV-S(UL40-41),该毒株还缺失了TK和gE基因。生长动力学显示该毒株在猪睾丸(ST)细胞的增殖效率与亲本毒株相似,表明S基因表达盒的插入对病毒生长性能无显著影响。重组病毒在ST细胞传至15代,PCR和测序鉴定S基因未发生碱基的丢失和变异,间接免疫荧光显示重组病毒感染鸡胚成纤维细胞后可稳定表达S蛋白。应用该毒株接种断奶仔猪,产生低水平的针对PEDV的抗体。该研究为PRV活载体疫苗的构建奠定了基础。

陕西省猪流行性腹泻病毒S基因克隆与生物学信息分析

【目的】分析2014-2021年陕西省猪群猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)主要毒力基因的生物学信息特征,揭示陕西省PEDV流行毒株基因变异情况,为防控猪流行性腹泻提供理论参考。【方法】参考PEDV全基因序列设计4对引物,采用RT-PCR方法分段扩增10株陕西省PEDV流行毒株S基因。利用生物信息分析软件,将获得的PEDV流行毒株S基因与GenBank中公开的57株PEDV序列进行比对分析。【结果】获得了10株陕西省PEDV流行毒株S基因全序列,长度为4149~4167 bp。将序列上传GenBank,获得相应的登录号为OL855978~OL855987。系统进化树分析显示,67个PEDV毒株分为G1a、G1b、G2a和G2b 4个亚群,10株PEDV流行毒株均属于G2b亚群,且遗传距离较近,与我国多个省区近年流行毒株亲缘关系较近。同源性分析结果表明,10株流行毒株之间S基因核苷酸序列同源性为95.4%~98.3%,氨基酸同源性为91.0%~98.1%;10株流行毒株与疫苗毒株S基因核苷酸序列同源性为91.7%~98.5%,氨基酸同源性为87.8%~98.5%。与G1a亚群的SD-M、CV777疫苗毒株核苷酸、氨基酸相比同源性均较低,而与G2b亚群的AJ1102、LNCT2、LW/L、XJ-DB2疫苗毒株核苷酸、氨基酸相比同源性均较高。与CV777 S蛋白相比较,共有88个氨基酸位点出现变异,变异位点占总位点数的6.36%(88/1383),其中在59~62位氨基酸有7株毒株出现了QGVN插入,在140位氨基酸有8株毒株出现N插入,在160~161位氨基酸有7株毒株出现DG缺失。S蛋白主要的中和表位、抗原表位和单抗识别表位出现多个变异位点。二级结构预测发现,与CV777相比较,多数流行毒株S蛋白的α螺旋、无规则卷曲占比稍有增加,β转角、延伸占比有所下降。S蛋白糖基化位点预测结果表明,与CV777株相比,流行毒株有多个引入或缺失的糖基化位点。【结论】陕西省PEDV流行毒株S蛋白抗原性发生了较大变化,推测疫苗免疫保护效果下降与此密切相关。

Changes in gut microbiota composition and diversity associated with post-cholecystectomy diarrhea

BACKGROUND Post-cholecystectomy diarrhea(PCD)frequently occurs in patients following gallbladder removal.PCD is part of the post-cholecystectomy(PC)syndrome,and is difficult to treat.After cholecystectomy,bile enters the duodenum directly,independent of the timing of meals.The interaction between the bile acids and the intestinal microbes is changed.Therefore,the occurrence of PCD may be related to the change in microbiota.However,little is known about the relationship between the gut microbiota and PCD.AIM To better understand the role of the gut microbiota in PCD patients.METHODS Fecal DNA was isolated.The diversity and profiles of the gut microbiota were analyzed by performing high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing.The gut microbiota were characterized in a healthy control(HC)group and a PC group.Subsequently,the PC group was further divided into a PCD group and a postcholecystectomy non-diarrhea group(PCND)according to the patients’clinical symptoms.The composition,diversity and richness of microbial communities were determined and compared.RESULTS In the PC and HC groups,720 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were identified.The PC group had fewer OTUs than the HC group.β-diversity was decreased in the PC group.This indicated decreased microbial diversity in the PC group.Fifteen taxa with differential abundance between the HC and PC groups were identified.In the PCD group compared to the PCND group,significant decreases in microbial diversity,Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio,and richness of probiotic microbiota(Bifidobacterium and Lactococcus),and an increase in detrimental microbiota(Prevotella and Sutterella)were observed.Moreover,a negative correlation was found between Prevotella and Bifidobacterium.Using a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional analysis,it was found that the abundances of gut microbiota involved in lipid metabolism pathways were markedly lower in the PCD group compared to the PCND group.CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that gut dysbiosis may play a critical role in PCD,which provides new insights into therapeutic options for PCD patients.

猪流行性腹泻病毒TaqMan检测方法的建立及基于S基因的遗传变异分析

旨在建立一种能快速、高效且灵敏的检测出猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)的通用型TaqMan qPCR检测方法,并进一步了解河北省PEDV的遗传变异情况。本研究参考PEDV变异株AJ1102的M基因的保守区域设计特异性引物及探针,对引物浓度、退火温度等条件进行优化,建立了一种应用于猪场筛查PEDV的qPCR方法,并对筛查出的阳性样品S基因扩增测序后进行遗传进化分析。结果显示:该方法的特异性强,与猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)及传染型胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)等猪病常见病原均无交叉反应;建立的检测方法对pMD19T-PEDV标准品的最低检测下限为1.09×101拷贝·μL^(-1),比普通PCR灵敏约100倍,敏感性高;组内和组间的变异系数均小于1%,重复性良好。基于S全基因成功克隆出的9条序列分布于GⅡ的两个亚群,克隆的9条序列的核苷酸相似性为96.6%~99.1%;氨基酸的相似性为94.6%~98.7%。结果表明:本研究得到的PEDV流行株与近年来国内分离株的关系较为密切,而与中国目前使用的疫苗株以及欧洲株亲缘关系较远,这表明河北部分地区PEDV当前流行毒株比较复杂且有变异的趋势,提示持续检测PEDV流行毒株变异动态的必要性。本研究不仅为PEDV的临床诊断提供了技术支持,更为进一步掌握PEDV遗传进化规律提供了参考依据。

New insights into the pathogenesis of intestina dysfunction:secretory diarrhea and cystic fibrosis

INTRODUCTIONA major function of the intestinal epithelium is to controlthe amount of fluid entering into and being absorbed fromthe lumen.In healthy conditions,net fluid movementfollows an absorptive vector,although significant secretionalso takes place to subserve digestive function.Thus。

Chronic pancreatitis as presentation of Crohn's disease in a child

It is reported that a pancreatic disease may precede the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) both in children and in adults.Idiopathic chronic pancreatitis,however,occasionally co-exists with the IBD,mainly at pediatric age.We report a case of a patient who progressively developed the features of a chronic pancreatitis,before the diagnosis of Crohn's Disease(CD).Ten months after the onset of the first episode of pancreatitis the patient developed bloody diarrhea,mucus stools and biochemical findings of inflammation.The colonoscopy revealed a diffuse colitis without involvement of the last loop and the gastroscopy showed inflammation of the iuxta-papillary area.The histological findings confirmed the diagnosis of CD that involved the colon and the duodenum.In conclusion,in children the idiopathic chronic pancreatitis may be an unusual presentation of CD.Thus,if other known cause of chronic pancreatitis are not found,a not invasive work up to exclude the IBD should be warranted.An early coincidental diagnosis of the IBD may delay the progression of the pancreatic disease.

Assessment of Educational Videos on the Prevention and Management of Infant Diarrhea:Documental Study

Objective: To evaluate the suitability of educational videos produced in Brazil that addressed aspects related to prevention and/or management of infant diarrhea according to content;language;graphic illustrations;stimulation for learning/motivation and cultural fit. Method: Documentary study, which evaluated six educational videos from an adapted and validated tool, the Suitability Assessment of Materials. Three nurses evaluated the videos. Data were processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 17.0, and presented in tables and graphics. Results: It was found that 4 (66.6%) of the educational videos were classified as appropriate, ranging from 60% to 63.3% of full approval, and 2 (33.3%) were assessed as higher, reaching up to 83.3% to 90% approval. Considering the socioeconomic and cultural contexts of the videos to the audience, they assigned notes ranging from 6 to 9 in a rating ranging from 0, the minimum score, to 10, the highest score. Conclusion: The educational videos were considered adequate, with positive results about the content on the prevention and management of infant diarrhea, being appropriate for the target audience. As a result, greater credibility is ratified as the use thereof, since these resources can contribute to health promotion and prevention of diarrhea in children.

1株猪流行性腹泻病毒CH/JSNT/2022/Jan株的分离及其S基因遗传进化分析

2022年1月份江苏南通一养猪场产房仔猪发生严重腹泻,发病率和死亡率均超过80%,原因未知。死亡仔猪肠道样本经RT-PCR检测猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)、传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)、猪德尔塔冠状病毒(PDCoV)和猪轮状病毒(PoRV),结果显示:仅PEDV检测为阳性,TGEV、PDCoV和PoRV检测均为阴性。将处理好的肠内容物接种Vero细胞,接种后48 h即观察到典型细胞融合、聚集成合胞体的PEDV典型细胞病变,且能够在Vero细胞上稳定传代,表明成功分离到病毒,并将其命名为CH/JSNT/2022/Jan株。通过电镜观察,观察到近似球形、直径约为100 nm、表面有囊膜和纤突的冠状病毒样粒子,表明分离毒株可能为PEDV。进一步对该毒株的S基因进行测序,序列相似性分析结果显示,分离毒株CH/JSNT/2022/Jan与PEDV S基因参考毒株的核苷酸序列相似性为93.5%~99.7%,氨基酸序列相似性为92.8%~99.9%;遗传进化分析结果显示,该分离株为GⅡa型,与多个2020年和2021年中国流行株处于同一进化分支,与疫苗株CV777、AJ1102和LW/L的遗传进化距离较远。研究结果表明,PEDV的田间流行株在不断变化,流行株的分离对PEDV疫苗研发和新的防控策略的制定具有重要意义。

Recovery of Cyclospora cayetanensis among asymptomatic rural Thai schoolchildren

Objective:To obtain the prevalence with clinical symptoms of Cyclospora cayetanensis(C.cayetanensis),a coceidian protozoan parasite,in Thailand which is the cause of an intestinal infection characterized by sporadic-to-frequent explosive diarrhea.Methods:In a field surveyconducted by the Faculty of Tropical Medicine.Mahidol Lniversity.as part of the existing parasite-control program,a total of 2 540 faecal samples from villagers in Nan Province,Thailand,were collected and examined to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of parasitic infections.Results:Twelve cases of C.cayetanensis infection were found duritig faecal examination of schoolchildren aged 5-12 years.None exhibited obvious clinical symptoms,especially evidence of diarrhea:5 of 12 had loose faeces,one reported frequent symptoms of abdominal discomfort,and another had pale conjunctiva with low hematocrit.The children were generally asymptomatic.Conclusions:This finding confirms a public-health issue with potentially serious consequences whereby children can be exposed to an environment contaminated with food-und water-borne transmitted oocysts,anil can hence become infected with C.cayetunensis.

Obeticholic acid for severe bile acid diarrhea with intestinal failure:A case report and review of the literature

Bile acid diarrhea results from excessive amounts of bile acids entering the colon due to hepatic overexcretion of bile acids or bile acid malabsorption in the terminal ileum. The main therapies include bile acid sequestrants, such as colestyramine and colesevelam, which may be given in combination with the opioid receptor agonist loperamide. Some patients are refractory to conventional treatments. We report the use of the farnesoid X receptor agonist obeticholic acid in a patient with refractory bile acid diarrhea and subsequent intestinal failure. A 32-year-old woman with quiescent colonic Crohn's disease and a normal terminal ileum had been diagnosed with severe bile acid malabsorption and complained of watery diarrhea and fatigue. The diarrhea resulted in hypokalemia and sodium depletion that made her dependent on twice weekly intravenous fluid and electrolyte infusions. Conventional therapies with colestyramine, colesevelam, and loperamide had no effect. Second-line antisecretory therapies with pantoprazole, liraglutide, and octreotide also failed. Third-line treatment with obeticholic acid reduced the number of stools from an average of 13 to an average of 7 per 24h and improved the patient's quality of life. The fluid and electrolyte balances normalized. The effect was sustained during follow-up for 6 mo with treatment at a daily dosage of 25 mg. The diarrhea worsened shortly after cessation of obeticholic acid. This case report supports the initial report that obeticholic acid may reduce bile acid production and improve symptoms in patients with bile acid diarrhea.

Natural history of children with mild Crohn’s disease

BACKGROUND There is a small and poorly studied population of patients with mild and limited Crohn’s disease(CD),who either spontaneously enter remission and can discontinue therapy,or be maintained on milder anti-inflammatory treatment.AIM To identify a group of children with mild CD who were not escalated to immunomodulators(azathioprine,mercaptopurine,or methotrexate)or biologics(infliximab or adalimumab)within the first two years after their Crohn’s diagnosis and outline the natural history and phenotypic features of these patients.METHODS In a retrospective chart review of the inflammatory bowel disease database at Boston Children’s Hospital we reviewed all the mild CD patient’s clinic visits,laboratory studies,and procedures for the duration of time they were followed at the center.Patients were included if they had clear diagnosis of Crohn’s disease,and they were not escalated to immunosuppressive therapies for at least 2 years after the date of diagnosis.These mild CD patients were compared to controls diagnosed at a similar time,that were treated with immunomodulators or biologics.Data that was abstracted included:Age at diagnosis,sex,disease location utilizing the Paris classification,medical treatment,surgical treatment,endoscopic findings,histology,and hospitalizations.We also analyzed differences in the phenotypic features between those with mild CD and those with moderate to severe disease.RESULTS Out of 1205 patients with CD diagnosed between 1990 and 2013,we identified 29 patients that met the inclusion criteria,and they were matched with 58 controls.There were no significant differences between the disease behaviors at presentation,with approximately 90%of patients in each group having inflammatory disease.However,patients with mild disease were more likely to have disease limited to the colon(31%vs 12%,P=0.03).In contrast,patients with moderate to severe disease(aka control group)were more likely to have ileocolonic disease(70%vs 45%in the mild group,P=0.02).Of the 29 patients,only 8 required medication escalation to immunomodulators during the period of follow-up.The primary indication for escalation to immune suppressive therapies was corticosteroid dependence.We also found that patients treated without immunomodulators or biologics for mild CD continue to exhibit histologic intestinal inflammation.Of the 29 patients,three developed significant complications of ileal disease,though only one required surgical intervention during the period of follow-up.CONCLUSION We identified a cohort of children with mild CD,who were able to avoid the institution of immune suppressive therapies for several years,and generally had good outcomes during the period of follow-up.While a subset of these patients will eventually require either immunosuppression or surgery,the majority of them have a good quality of life despite having low-grade intestinal inflammation.Importantly,this subset of patients has managed to avoid the potential toxicities of immune suppression for several years.The majority of these patients have either colonic disease with minimal small bowel involvement or limited ileal disease.

2020-2021年中国部分地区猪流行性腹泻病毒S 1基因遗传变异分析

【目的】了解2020―2021年猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)的流行情况和遗传变异情况。【方法】本研究对中国部分地区73个猪场的525份样本进行RT-PCR检测,对检测为阳性的样本进行PEDV S 1基因扩增与测序,并进行流行病学统计分析,使用DNAStar软件进行核苷酸相似性分析和氨基酸位点变异分析,利用Mega 6.06软件对PEDV S 1基因进行遗传进化分析,对疑似重组的序列使用RDP4软件进行S 1基因重组分析。【结果】在2020—2021年的525份临床样本中PEDV检出阳性率为26.29%(138/525)。流行病学统计分析显示,冬季属于PEDV高发季节,1日龄仔猪感染率最高,为42.75%(59/183),并在中国6个地区大范围流行。S 1基因遗传进化分析显示,138株PEDV S 1基因序列主要位于两个分支,131株毒株属于G2群,其中126株属于G2a亚群,与HBXY2、SNJ-P在同一亚群,5株属于G2b亚群,与AJ1102、LW/L、S14在同一亚群;其余7株毒株位于G1群和G2群之间,形成一个独立分支。经重组分析发现,该分支的7株毒株存在同一种重组事件,断点位于第59―695 bp处,可能为跨群重组毒株;138个S 1基因序列之间核苷酸相似性为85.7%~100%,与经典毒株CV777的核苷酸相似性为85.2%~92.3%,其中131株G2群分离毒株与经典毒株CV777相比,在S 1基因N端第56、59-62、138-139、159-160位,与G2群参考株氨基酸序列存在相同并具有特征性的缺失和插入。【结论】2020―2021年PEDV流行株呈变异趋势,其主要流行基因型为G2群,与2010年以后流行的变异株亲缘关系较近,与经典毒株亲缘关系较远,且存在跨群重组,对中国持续监测PEDV流行性和变异性具有重要意义。