Comparative study of indocyanine green-R15,Child-Pugh score,and model for end-stage liver disease score for prediction of hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

BACKGROUND Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)remains an enormous challenge in patients who undergo transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)implantation.The preoperative indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min(ICG-R15),as one of the liver function assessment tools,has been developed as a prognostic indicator in patients undergoing surgery,but there are limited data on its role in TIPS.AIM To determine whether the ICG-R15 can be used for prediction of post-TIPS HE in decompensated cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension(PHT)and compare the clinical value of ICG-R15,Child-Pugh score(CPS),and model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score in predicting post-TIPS HE with PHT.METHODS This retrospective study included 195 patients with PHT who underwent elective TIPS at Beijing Shijitan Hospital from January 2018 to June 2019.All patients underwent the ICG-R15 test,CPS evaluation,and MELD scoring 1 wk before TIPS.According to whether they developed HE or not,the patients were divided into two groups:HE group and non-HE group.The prediction of one-year post-TIPS HE by ICG-R15,CPS and MELD score was evaluated by the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves(AUCs).RESULTS A total of 195 patients with portal hypertension were included and 23%(45/195)of the patients developed post-TIPS HE.The ICG-R15 was identified as an independent predictor of post-TIPS HE.The AUCs for the ICG-R15,CPS,and MELD score for predicting post-TIPS HE were 0.664(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.557-0.743,P=0.0046),0.596(95%CI:0.508-0.679,P=0.087),and 0.641(95%CI:0.554-0.721,P=0.021),respectively.The non-parametric approach(Delong-Delong&Clarke-Pearson)showed that there was statistical significance in pairwise comparison between AUCs of ICG-R15 and MELD score(P=0.0229).CONCLUSION The ICG-R15 has appreciated clinical value for predicting the occurrence of post-TIPS HE and is a choice for evaluating the prognosis of patients undergoing TIPS.

MELD vs Child-Pugh and creatinine-modified Child-Pugh score for Dredicting survival in patients with decompensated cirrhosis

AIM: Model of End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score has recently gained wide acceptance over the old Child-Pugh score in predicting survival in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, although it is more sophisticated. We compared the predictive values of MELD, Child-Pugh and creatinine modified Child-Pugh scores in decompensated cirrhosis. METHODS: A cohort of 102 patients with decompensated cirrhosis followed-up for a median of 6 mo was studied.Two types of modified Child-Pugh scores estimated by adding 0-4 points to the original score using creatinine levels as a sixth categorical variable were evaluated.RESULTS: The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves did not differ significantly among the four scores, but none had excellent diagnostic accuracy (areas:0.71-0.79). Child-Pugh score appeared to be the worst, while the accuracy of MELD was almost identical with that of modified Child-Pugh in predicting short-term and slightly better in predicting medium-term survival. In Cox regression analysis, all four scores were significantly associated with survival, while MELD and creatinine-modified Child-Pugh scores had better predictive values (c-statistics: 0.73 and 0.69-0.70) than Child-Pugh score (c-statistics: 0.65). Adjustment for gamma-glutamate transpeptidase levels increased the predictive values of all systems (c-statistics: 0.77-0.81). Analysis of the expected and observed survival curves in patients subgroups according to their prognosis showed that all models fit the data reasonably well with MELD probably discriminating better the subgroups with worse prognosis. CONCLUSION: MELD compared to the old Child-Pugh and particularly to creatinine-modified Child-Pugh scores does not appear to offer a clear advantage in predicting survival in patients with decompensated cirrhosis in daily clinical practice.

Comparison of Child-Pugh, MELD, MELD-Na, and ALBI Scores in Predicting In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with HCC

Background & Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) leads to high morbidity and mortality. Various models have been proposed for predicting the outcome of patients with HCC. We aim to compare the prognostic abilities of Child-Pugh, MELD, MELD-Na, and ALBI scores for predicting in-hospital mortality of HCC. Methods: We enrolled patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and HCC from May 2017 through May 2018. We further divided eligible patients into hepatitis B virus (HBV), patients without ascites, and patients with ascites subgroups. Areas under the characteristic curves (AUCs) were analyzed. Results: A total of 495 patients were included in the study. We collected data on patients at admission. A majority of patients were infected with HBV (91.5%). None of them were complicated with hepatic encephalopathy. Only 14.9% of patients presented with ascites. In the whole population, AUCs with 95% confidence interval (CI) of Child-Pugh, ALBI, MELD, and MELD-Na scores in predicting in-hospital mortality were 0.889 (95% CI: 0.858 - 0.915), 0.849 (95% CI: 0.814 - 0.879), 0.669 (95% CI: 0.626 - 0.711), and 0.721 (95% CI: 0.679 - 0.760), respectively. In the patients without ascites subgroup, Child-Pugh showed better discriminatory ability than ALBI score in predicting in-hospital mortality (P = 0.0002), while there were no significant differences among other comparisons. Conclusions: Child-Pugh and ALBI may be useful predictors for predicting in-hospital mortality in whole patients, in patients with HBV infection, and in patients without ascites. In HCC patients with ascites, MELD-Na may be effective for predicting in-hospital mortality.

不同Child-Pugh分级肝硬化患者血清TSP-1、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶的表达水平差异及其疾病预后危险因素分析

目的分析不同Child-Pugh分级肝硬化患者血清凝血酶敏感蛋白-1(TSP-1)、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶的表达水平差异及其疾病预后危险因素。方法回顾性选取2020年2月至2023年2月新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的70例肝硬化患者作为主要研究对象,根据Child-Pugh分级将其分为Child-Pugh A级组(n=20),Child-Pugh B级组(n=34),Child-Pugh C级组(n=16),另选取同期在本院进行体检的50名健康人群作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验法检测4组及肝硬化不同预后患者的血清TSP-1、球蛋白、胆碱酯酶、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶表达水平;采用双变量Spearman相关性检验血清TSP-1、球蛋白、胆碱酯酶、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶与肝硬化患者Child-Pugh分级和预后的相关性;建立多因素Logistic模型分析影响肝硬化患者预后的独立危险因素,并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清TSP-1、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶对肝硬化预后的预测价值。结果与对照组比较,Child-Pugh A级组、Child-Pugh B级组、Child-Pugh C级组患者的血清TSP-1、球蛋白、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶表达水平较高,血清胆碱酯酶表达水平较低;与Child-Pugh A级组患者比较,Child-Pugh B级组、Child-Pugh C级组患者的血清TSP-1、球蛋白、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶表达水平较高,血清胆碱酯酶表达水平较低;与Child-Pugh B级组比较,Child-Pugh C级组患者的血清TSP-1、球蛋白、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶表达水平较高,血清胆碱酯酶表达水平较低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与预后良好组比较,预后不良组血清TSP-1、球蛋白、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶表达水平较高,血清胆碱酯酶表达水平较低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肝硬化患者血清TSP-1、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶与Child-Pugh分级和预后均呈正相关(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析结果显示,Child-Pugh分级、TSP-1、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶均是影响肝硬化患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。血清TSP-1、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶与TSP-1+球蛋白/胆碱酯酶预测肝硬化患者预后的曲线下面积值分别为0.814、0.824、0.885。结论血清TSP-1、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶异常表达与肝硬化Child-Pugh分级及其预后均存在一定关联,可作为肝硬化患者的Child-Pugh分级及预后的辅助预测指标。

经动脉化疗栓塞联合免疫和靶向药治疗Child-Pugh B级肝细胞癌研究

目的 探讨经动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合免疫检查点抑制剂(ICI)和分子靶向治疗对Child-Pugh(CP)分级B级肝细胞癌(HCC)的疗效和安全性。方法 筛选2018年1月至2021年5月在东南大学附属中大医院等3中心接受TACE联合ICI和分子靶向治疗(联合治疗组)或TACE单独治疗(单独治疗组)的CP B级HCC患者。主要终点为总生存期(OS),次要结局包括无进展生存期(PFS)、客观缓解率(ORR)和安全性。结果 126例患者纳入研究,其中联合治疗组64例,单独治疗组62例。联合治疗组、单独治疗组中位OS比较差异无统计学意义[17.7个月(95%CI:11.9~29.9)比13.2个月(95%CI:7.8~19.9),P=0.160],联合治疗组中CP评分7分患者获得了明显更好的OS[19.0个月(95%CI:13.6~NR)比13.2个月(95%CI:8.0~NR),P=0.024]。两组中位PFS、ORR比较差异均无统计学意义(P=0.720、P=0.960)。联合治疗组、单独治疗组分别有9例(14.1%)、6例(9.7%)患者出现3级/4级不良事件。结论 TACE联合免疫和靶向治疗CP B级HCC患者并未显示出比TACE单独治疗更好的预后,而联合治疗组CP评分7分患者OS明显更好。

基于Z-Score动态压缩的高效联邦学习算法

联邦学习作为一种具有隐私保护的新兴分布式计算范式,在一定程度上保护了用户隐私和数据安全。然而,由于联邦学习系统中客户端与服务器需要频繁地交换模型参数,造成了较大的通信开销。在带宽有限的无线通信场景中,这成为了限制联邦学习发展的主要瓶颈。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于Z-Score的动态稀疏压缩算法。通过引入Z-Score,对局部模型更新进行离群点检测,将重要的更新值视为离群点,从而将其挑选出来。在不需要复杂的排序算法以及原始模型更新的先验知识的情况下,实现模型更新的稀疏化。同时随着通信轮次的增加,根据全局模型的损失值动态地调整稀疏率,从而在保证模型精度的前提下最大程度地减少总通信量。通过实验证明,在I.I.D.数据场景下,该算法与联邦平均(FedAvg)算法相比可以降低95%的通信量,精度损失仅仅为1.6%,与FTTQ算法相比可以降低40%~50%的通信量,精度损失仅为1.29%,证明了该方法在保证模型性能的同时显著降低了通信成本。

不同Child-Pugh分级酒精性肝硬化患者临床特征分析

目的:探究酒精性肝硬化(ALC)患者血脂水平与Child-Pugh分级之间的关系。方法:选取2020年8月至2022年2月在首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院住院的ALC患者348例,其中Child-Pugh A+B级患者共有245例,Child-Pugh C级患者103例,记录患者的性别、年龄、实验室指标;通过单因素和多因素二元Logistic回归得出判断Child-Pugh C级的独立危险因素;绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),得出曲线下面积(AUC)来评估诊断价值,并根据约登指数计算cut-off值。结果:与Child-Pugh A+B级患者相比,Child-Pugh C级患者WBC、AST、TBil、PT、INR水平都显著高于前者,而RBC、Hgb、PLT、Alb均低于前者;TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C水平低于前者,尤其是HDL-C水平降低更为明显。以所属的Child-Pugh等级作为因变量,通过单因素和多因素Logistic回归显示,年龄(OR=0.932,95%CI=0.899~0.966,P<0.001),WBC(OR=1.196,95%CI=1.053~1.360,P=0.006),PLT(OR=0.989,95%CI=0.982~0.995,P=0.001),CHE(OR=0.999,95%CI=0.998~0.999,P<0.001),HDL-C(OR=0.252,95%CI=0.082~0.779,P=0.017)是Child-Pugh C级的独立危险因素。进一步绘制HDL-C的ROC曲线,得出AUC为0.783,显著高于TC、TG、LDL-C的AUC,分别为0.611、0.550、0.623,显示了HDL-C较好的诊断价值;并根据约登指数得出HDL-C的cut-off值是0.645 mmol/L。结论:ALC患者的HDL-C水平对Child-Pugh分级有一定的参考价值。

基于F-score和二进制灰狼优化的肿瘤基因选择方法

针对肿瘤基因数据维度高、噪声多、冗余性高的现状,结合Spearman相关系数改进F-score算法,在此基础上优化二进制灰狼算法,提出了一种基于改进F-score和二进制灰狼算法的肿瘤基因选择算法.首先,考虑特征之间的相关性,计算每个特征的F-score值和特征之间的Spearman相关系数的绝对值;然后,计算权重系数得出各个特征的权重值,依据重要性进行排序,选出初选特征子集;最后,通过收敛因子的衰减曲线和初始化方法优化二进制灰狼算法,调整全局搜索和局部搜索所占比例,增强全局搜索能力并提高局部搜索速度,有效节省时间开销,提升特征选择的分类性能和效率,得到最优特征子集.在9个肿瘤基因数据集上测试所提算法,在分类准确率和筛选特征数目两个指标上进行仿真实验,并与4种其他算法进行对比,实验结果证明所提算法表现良好,可有效降低基因数据维度,并具有较好的分类精度.

双能量CT评估不同Child-Pugh分级肝硬化肝脾血流动力学的初步研究

目的:应用双能量CT碘图定量研究肝硬化肝脾血流动力学参数变化与对应Child-Pugh分级的相关性。方法:选取48例肝硬化患者(肝硬化组)与23例健康志愿者(对照组)的动脉期及门静脉期碘图,测算肝脏动脉期碘浓度(I_(a))与门静脉期碘浓度(I_(p))、门静脉碘浓度(PVIC)、肝动脉碘分数(AIF)、脾脏动脉期碘浓度(SI_(a))与门静脉期碘浓度(SI_(p))。肝硬化组48例中,Child-Pugh分级A级27例,B级14例,C级7例。多组比较采用单因素方差分析,两变量相关性采用Spearman相关分析。结果:肝硬化A、B、C级与对照组4组间6个参数差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001),肝硬化组I_(a)、AIF、SI_(a)均高于对照组(均P<0.05),I_(p)、PVIC均低于对照组(均P<0.05)。肝硬化组I_(a)、AIF、SI_(a)、SI_(p)均与Child-Pugh分级呈正相关(均P<0.05),I_(p)、PVIC均与Child-Pugh分级呈负相关(均P<0.05)。结论:肝硬化患者与健康人肝脾血流动力学参数存在差异;且肝硬化患者的肝脾血流动力学参数与Child-Pugh分级具有相关性。双能量CT可作为评估肝硬化肝脾血流动力学变化的无创定量工具。

Gustave Roussy Immune Score——结直肠癌患者的新型预后评分

目的探讨Gustave Roussy Immune Score(GRIm评分)在结直肠癌(CRC)根治术后患者预后评估中的价值。方法本研究共纳入2004年6月至2019年8月271例CRC根治术后患者。分析GRIm评分与CRC临床病理特征的关系。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制CRC患者无病生存时间(DFS)曲线,生存差异行Log-rank检验;Cox风险比例回归模型分析影响CRC患者预后的因素;校准曲线和受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线检验基于GRIm评分的列线图的预测效能。结果GRIm评分与性别、肿瘤部位、神经侵犯、N分期、美国癌症联合委员会(AJCC)分期、白蛋白(ALB)评分和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)评分有关(P<0.05);GRIm简化评分与肿瘤部位、肿瘤直径、癌栓、ALB评分和LDH评分有关(P<0.05)。Cox风险比例回归模型显示,GRIm评分是影响CRC患者DFS的独立因素(HR=2.546,95%CI:1.644~3.943,P<0.05)。包括GRIm评分的列线图对CRC患者DFS的预测能力优于第8版AJCC分期系统。结论GRIm评分是影响CRC患者DFS的独立因素,基于GRIm评分的列线图可以帮助临床医师有效评估CRC患者的预后,制定个体化治疗方案。

基于中心偏移的Fisher score与直觉邻域模糊熵的多标记特征选择

现有多标记Fisher score模型中边缘样本会影响算法分类效果。鉴于邻域直觉模糊熵处理不确定信息时具有更强的表达能力与分辨能力的优势,文中提出了一种基于中心偏移的Fisher score与邻域直觉模糊熵的多标记特征选择方法。首先,根据标记将多标记论域划分为多个样本集,计算样本集的特征均值作为标记下样本的原始中心点,以最远样本的距离乘以距离系数,去除边缘样本集,定义了新的有效样本集,计算中心偏移处理后的标记下每个特征的得分以及标记集的特征得分,进而建立了基于中心偏移的多标记Fisher score模型,预处理多标记数据。然后,引入多标记分类间隔作为自适应模糊邻域半径参数,定义了模糊邻域相似关系和模糊邻域粒,由此构造了多标记模糊邻域粗糙集的上、下近似集;在此基础上提出了多标记邻域粗糙直觉隶属度函数和非隶属度函数,定义了多标记邻域直觉模糊熵。最后,给出了特征的外部和内部重要度的计算公式,设计了基于邻域直觉模糊熵的多标记特征选择算法,筛选出最优特征子集。在多标记K近邻分类器下、9个多标记数据集上的实验结果表明,所提算法选择的最优子集具有良好的分类性能。

Role of albumin-bilirubin score in non-malignant liver disease

The albumin-bilirubin(ALBI)score,which was proposed to assess the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma,has gradually been extended to other liver diseases in recent years,including primary biliary cholangitis,liver cirrhosis,hepatitis,liver transplantation,and liver injury.The ALBI score is often compared with classical scores such as the Child-Pugh and model for end-stage liver disease scores or other noninvasive prediction models.It is widely employed because of its immunity to subjective evaluation indicators and ease of obtaining detection indicators.An increasing number of studies have confirmed that it is highly accurate for assessing the prognosis of patients with chronic liver disease;additionally,it has demonstrated good predictive performance for outcomes beyond survival in patients with liver diseases,such as decompensation events.This article presents a review of the application of ALBI scores in various non-malignant liver diseases.

Fecal calprotectin and endoscopic scores: The cornerstones in clinical practice for evaluating mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel disease

Managing inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is becoming increasingly complex and personalized,considering the advent of new advanced therapies with distinct mechanisms of action.Achieving mucosal healing(MH)is a pivotal therapeutic goal in IBD management and can prevent IBD progression and reduce flares,hospitalization,surgery,intestinal damage,and colorectal cancer.Employing proactive disease and therapy assessment is essential to achieve better control of intestinal inflammation,even if subclinical,to alter the natural course of IBD.Periodic monitoring of fecal calprotectin(FC)levels and interval endoscopic evaluations are cornerstones for evaluating response/remission to advanced therapies targeting IBD,assessing MH,and detecting subclinical recurrence.Here,we comment on the article by Ishida et al Moreover,this editorial aimed to review the role of FC and endoscopic scores in predicting MH in patients with IBD.Furthermore,we intend to present some evidence on the role of these markers in future targets,such as histological and transmural healing.Additional prospective multicenter studies with a stricter MH criterion,standardized endoscopic and histopathological analyses,and virtual chromoscopy,potentially including artificial intelligence and other biomarkers,are desired.

Preoperative albumin-bilirubin score and liver resection percentage determine postoperative liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy

BACKGROUND The success of liver resection relies on the ability of the remnant liver to regenerate.Most of the knowledge regarding the pathophysiological basis of liver regeneration comes from rodent studies,and data on humans are scarce.Additionally,there is limited knowledge about the preoperative factors that influence postoperative regeneration.AIM To quantify postoperative remnant liver volume by the latest volumetric software and investigate perioperative factors that affect posthepatectomy liver regenera-tion.METHODS A total of 268 patients who received partial hepatectomy were enrolled.Patients were grouped into right hepatectomy/trisegmentectomy(RH/Tri),left hepa-tectomy(LH),segmentectomy(Seg),and subsegmentectomy/nonanatomical hepatectomy(Sub/Non)groups.The regeneration index(RI)and late rege-neration rate were defined as(postoperative liver volume)/[total functional liver volume(TFLV)]×100 and(RI at 6-months-RI at 3-months)/RI at 6-months,respectively.The lower 25th percentile of RI and the higher 25th percentile of late regeneration rate in each group were defined as“low regeneration”and“delayed regeneration”.“Restoration to the original size”was defined as regeneration of the liver volume by more than 90%of the TFLV at 12 months postsurgery.RESULTS The numbers of patients in the RH/Tri,LH,Seg,and Sub/Non groups were 41,53,99 and 75,respectively.The RI plateaued at 3 months in the LH,Seg,and Sub/Non groups,whereas the RI increased until 12 months in the RH/Tri group.According to our multivariate analysis,the preoperative albumin-bilirubin(ALBI)score was an independent factor for low regeneration at 3 months[odds ratio(OR)95%CI=2.80(1.17-6.69),P=0.02;per 1.0 up]and 12 months[OR=2.27(1.01-5.09),P=0.04;per 1.0 up].Multivariate analysis revealed that only liver resection percentage[OR=1.03(1.00-1.05),P=0.04]was associated with delayed regeneration.Furthermore,multivariate analysis demonstrated that the preoperative ALBI score[OR=2.63(1.00-1.05),P=0.02;per 1.0 up]and liver resection percentage[OR=1.02(1.00-1.05),P=0.04;per 1.0 up]were found to be independent risk factors associated with volume restoration failure.CONCLUSION Liver regeneration posthepatectomy was determined by the resection percentage and preoperative ALBI score.This knowledge helps surgeons decide the timing and type of rehepatectomy for recurrent cases.

肝功能生化检验指标在Child-Pugh分级肝炎肝硬化患者诊断中的作用分析

目的:分析谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、胆碱酯酶(CHE)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆固醇(TC)在Child-Pugh分级肝炎肝硬化患者诊断中的作用。方法:选取2023年2月—2024年2月仁怀市人民医院收治的90例肝炎肝硬化患者为研究对象,按照肝硬化Child-Pugh分级标准将其分为A组(n=26)、B组(n=35)和C组(n=29)三组,分别对应A、B、C。比较三组GGT、CHE、TBA、ALB、TC的水平及其阳性检出率。结果:三组Child-Pugh分级各项评分对比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。C组GGT、TBA水平均高于A组、B组,CHE、ALB、TC水平均低于A组、B组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三组阳性检出率对比,差异均无统计学无意义(P>0.05)。结论:GGT、CHE、TBA、ALB、TC在不同Child-Pugh分级肝炎肝硬化患者中的诊断效果良好,可判断肝炎肝硬化程度。

基于SCORE-TCM的中医药团体标准抽样评价方案设计

目前,各社会团体积极参与中医药标准的制定和发布,特别是“十四五”以来,中医药团体标准化工作更是迎来了提质增效的关键阶段。深入评估社会团体发布的中医药标准质量,是推进中医药团体标准工作的关键环节和重点任务。前期已研制并形成了中医药团体标准评价体系(System of Consortium Standards Rating and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, SCORETCM)。在上述背景下,本研究通过专家共识法,设计了一套基于SCORE-TCM的中医药团体标准抽样评价方案,应用场景为对于特定社会团体发布的标准,或各团体发布的特定技术类别的标准进行快速评估。该方案涵盖了标准抽样、材料收集、标准评价、结果解读的完整流程,为中医药团体标准的抽样评价工作提供了参考方案。

中医药团体标准评价体系(SCORE-TCM)解读

本文全面解读了中医药团体标准评价体系(System of Consortium Standards Rating and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine,SCORE-TCM)。SCORE-TCM是结合定性与定量评价,全面评估中医药团体标准在制定主体、文本编写、技术内容、推广应用和实施效益等几方面特征的综合评价工具。文中详述了SCORE-TCM的构建目的、定义和构建过程,解释了评价指标体系中的各项指标,并对每项指标的评价材料进行介绍。本文旨在帮助中医药团体标准的制定者、第三方评价机构和其他相关方更好地理解SCORE-TCM各评价条目的含义,更有效地运用于中医药团体标准的自评价或第三方评价,SCORE-TCM将为《中医药团体标准管理办法》的贯彻实施,以及中医药团体标准的高质量发展提供技术支持。

Garg incontinence scores: New scoring system on the horizon to evaluate fecal incontinence. Will it make a difference?

The main aim of this opinion review is to comment on the recent article published by Garg et al in the World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023;29:4593–4603.The authors in the published article developed a new scoring system,Garg incon-tinence scores(GIS),for fecal incontinence(FI).FI is a chronic debilitating disease that has a severe negative impact on the quality of life of the patients.Rome IV criteria define FI as multiple episodes of solid or liquid stool passed into the clothes at least twice a month.The associated social stigmatization often leads to significant under-reporting of the condition,which further impairs management.An important point is that the complexity and vagueness of the disease make it difficult for the patients to properly define and report the magnitude of the problem to their physicians.Due to this,the management becomes even more difficult.This issue is resolved up to a considerable extent by a scoring ques-tionnaire.There were several scoring systems in use for the last three decades.The prominent of them were the Cleveland Clinic scoring system or the Wexner scoring system,St.Marks Hospital or Vaizey’s scores,and the FI severity index.However,there were several shortcomings in these scoring systems.In the opinion review,we tried to analyze the strength of GIS and compare it to the existing scoring systems.The main pitfalls in the existing scoring systems were that most of them gave equal weightage to different types of FI(solid,liquid,flatus,etc.),were not comprehensive,and took only the surgeon’s perception of FI into view.In GIS,almost all shortcomings of previous scoring systems had been addressed:different weights were assigned to different types of FI by a robust statistical methodology;the scoring system was made comprehensive by including all types of FI that were previously omitted(urge,stress and mucus FI)and gave priority to patients’rather than the physicians’perceptions while developing the scoring system.Due to this,GIS indeed looked like a paradigm shift in the evaluation of FI.However,it is too early to conclude this,as GIS needs to be validated for accuracy and simplicity in future studies.

Are we ready to use new endoscopic scores for ulcerative colitis?

For ulcerative colitis(UC),the variability in inflammatory activity along the colon poses a challenge in management.The focus on achieving endoscopic healing in UC is evident,where the UC Endoscopic Index of Severity and Mayo Endoscopic Subscore are commonly used for evaluation.However,these indices primarily consider the most severely affected region.Liu et al recent study validates the Toronto Inflammatory Bowel Disease Global Endoscopic Reporting(TIGER)score offering a comprehensive assessment of inflammatory activity across diverse segments of the colon and rectum and a reliable index correlating strongly with UC Endoscopic Index of Severity and moderately with Mayo Endoscopic Subscore(MES).Despite recommendation,certain aspects warrant further invest-igation.Fecal calprotectin,an intermediate target,correlates with TIGER and should be explored.Determining TIGER scores defining endoscopic remission and response,evaluating agreement with histological activity,and assessing inter-endoscopist agreement for TIGER require scrutiny.Exploring the correlation between TIGER and intestinal ultrasound,akin to MES,adds value.

Relationship between neonatal respiratory distress syndrome pulmonary ultrasonography and respiratory distress score,oxygenation index,and chest radiography grading

BACKGROUND Accurate condition assessment is critical for improving the prognosis of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(RDS),but current assessment methods for RDS pose a cumulative risk of harm to neonates.Thus,a less harmful method for assessing the health of neonates with RDS is needed.AIM To analyze the relationships between pulmonary ultrasonography and respiratory distress scores,oxygenation index,and chest X-ray grade of neonatal RDS to identify predictors of neonatal RDS severity.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed the medical information of 73 neonates with RDS admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Liupanshui Maternal and Child Care Service Center between April and December 2022.The pulmonary ultrasonography score,respiratory distress score,oxygenation index,and chest Xray grade of each newborn before and after treatment were collected.Spearman correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationships among these values and neonatal RDS severity.RESULTS The pulmonary ultrasonography score,respiratory distress score,oxygenation index,and chest X-ray RDS grade of the neonates were significantly lower after treatment than before treatment(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that before and after treatment,the pulmonary ultrasonography score of neonates with RDS was positively correlated with the respiratory distress score,oxygenation index,and chest X-ray grade(ρ=0.429–0.859,P<0.05).Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that pulmonary ultrasonography screening effectively predicted the severity of neonatal RDS(area under the curve=0.805–1.000,P<0.05).CONCLUSION The pulmonary ultrasonography score was significantly associated with the neonatal RDS score,oxygenation index,and chest X-ray grade.The pulmonary ultrasonography score was an effective predictor of neonatal RDS severity.