Effect of a Nutrition Education Intervention on Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Mothers of Children under 5 Years in the Peri-Urban Areas of Bobo-Dioulasso: Before and after Study

Background: This study assessed the effect of a nutrition education intervention. This intervention aimed to improve the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of mothers on food safety in the peri-urban areas of Bobo-Dioulasso in Burkina Faso. Methods: A total of 243 mothers of children under 5 years in the peri-urban of Bobo-Dioulasso were administered the FAO questionnaire for food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices assessment during two cross-sectional surveys, before and after the intervention, in January and October 2017. The intervention included two components consisting of a theoretical phase (counselling and discussion) and cooking demonstrations implemented for ten months. To account for the before-and-after design of the study, the McNemar’s test was used to assess the effect of the intervention on food safety KAP of mothers of children under 5 years. Results: The mean age of mothers was 29 ± 6.2 years and 50.6% of them were between 20 and 29 years old. One for knowledge (cooking thoroughly with, p-value = 0.0001) and another for attitudes (perceived benefits of reheating leftovers before eating them, p-value = 0.0001), significantly increased after the intervention. In terms of food safety practices, all the indicators (cleaning of dirty surfaces, plates and utensils and storage of perishable foods) significantly increased (all p = 0.0001 Conclusion: This study provided some evidence of an effective nutrition education intervention for improving maternal KAP on food safety for their child’s feeding.

Factors Associated with Mortality in Children Aged 1 Month to 15 Years Hospitalized in the Pediatric Ward of the Kalaban-Coro Reference Health Center: Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Infant and child mortality is a worldwide concern, but developing countries such as Mali are more affected. The aim of this study was to investigate morbidity and factors associated with mortality in children aged 1 month to 15 years. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study which took place from January 1 to December 31, 2020 covering children aged 1 month to 15 years hospitalized at the Kalaban-Coro CSRéf. Data were entered into Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: Five hundred children aged 1 months to 15 years were included. The age range 1 to 5 years (53.6%) and male sex (58.2%) were the most represented. Malaria (72.2%), acute respiratory infections (6.2%) and diarrhea/dehydration (3%) were the main morbidities. Mortality was estimated at 10.6%, and the two main causes of death were malaria (56.6%) and acute respiratory infections (7.54%). Univariate analysis revealed a statistically significant association between the dependent variable (death) and age (p Conclusion: This study confirms the high rate of infant and child morbidity and mortality in our health facilities. Strengthening human resources and intensifying behavior-change communication can help reverse the trend.

Factors Associated with Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Aged 0 - 5 Years in the Yénawa District of Cotonou (Benin) in 2023

Introduction: Acute respiratory infections remain one of the main causes of mortality in children aged 0 to 5. This work aimed to study the associated factors with the occurrence of acute respiratory infections in children 0 to 5 years old in Yénawa, Cotonou in 2023. Subjects and Method: It was an analytical cross-sectional study of children aged 0 - 5 years and their mothers in Yénawa, selected by four-degree random sampling. The sampling size, calculated using the Schwartz formula, was 126 children and 126 mothers. The dependent variable was the occurrence of acute respiratory infections. The independent variables were classified into four groups: socio-demographic and economic characteristics, behavioral factors, child-related factors, and environmental factors. Data collected by observation and questionnaire survey were analyzed using STATA version 15 software. Associated factors were investigated by bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression, at the 5% significance level. Results: A total of 126 children aged 0 - 5 years and 126 mothers were surveyed, aged 23.5 (11 - 36) months and 30 (18 - 48) years respectively. The prevalence of acute respiratory infections was 74.60% (CI95% = 66.89 to 82.30). The associated factors were the mother’s age between 18 and 28 (OR = 10.77;CI95% = 1.89 to 61.27;p = 0.007), the use of charcoal/wood for cooking (OR = 7.36;IC = 1.99 to 27.10;p = 0.003)), children's poor personal hygiene (OR = 8.87;IC = 2.92 to 26.97;p 0.001)), and cohabitation with domestic animals (OR = 7.27;IC = 1.67 to 31.71;p = 0.015). Conclusion: Communicating with mothers about the factors identified will help reduce the prevalence of acute respiratory infections in children aged 0 to 5.

Diarrhea Disease among Children under 5 Years of Age: A Global Systematic Review

Diarrhea diseases remain the second leading cause of death among children under five years globally. Nearly one in every five child deaths, about 1.6 million each year, are due to diarrhea. Further, diarrhea kills more young children than malaria, measles and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) combined. As a result, better understanding of childhood diarrhea occurrence can perhaps help reduce associated morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, this study conducted a global systematic review on occurrence of childhood diarrhea. The broad objective of this study was to review present and past researches on childhood diarrhea and most importantly for children under 5 years of age. The review focused on understanding the burden of diarrhea, causes of childhood diarrhea and solutions to the disease. A systematic literature review was conducted using the databases of PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Search key terms used were childhood diarrhea, risk factors and intervention practices. Journal articles and related reports were filtered and limited from 2005 to 2020. Sixty-one reports and articles that met inclusion criteria were used in this review. Review found that, childhood diarrhea imposes economic costs on the health system and families. Also, repeated bouts of diarrhea can lead to malnutrition, stunting and delayed brain growth later in life and can lead to stress and tension to the affected households. The dependence on open water sources which are often contaminated with fecal materials was found as the major cause of the rising prevalence of childhood diarrhea. Other important factors were poor hygienic practices and lack of sanitation facilities contribute to the spread of diarrhea diseases. Improvements in the quality of drinking water, sanitation facilities and hygiene practices especially in low and middle income countries have been suggested by many studies as an intervention to reduce childhood diarrhea.

Prevalence of diarrhea and associated risk factors among children under-five years of age in Eastern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Diarrhea remains a major cause of mortality in children under 5 years of age in Sub-Saharan countries in Africa. Risk factors for diarrhea vary by context and have important implications for developing appropriate strategies to reduce the burden of the disease. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrhea and associated risk factors among children un-der 5 years of age in Kersa district, located in Eastern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1456 randomly selected households with at least one child under 5 years of age. A questionnaire and an observational check list were used for col-lecting information on socio-economic charac-teristics, environmental hygiene and behavioral practices, and occurrence of diarrhea among children under 5 years of age. Logistic regres-sion was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio of 95% confidence interval. The two-week prevalence of diarrhea among children under 5 years of age was 22.5% (95% CI: 20.3-24.6). Improper refuse disposal practices (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.20-4.03), lack of hand washing facilities (OR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.29-2.86), living in rural area (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.12-3.31), the presence of two or more siblings in a household (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.33-2.28), and age of the child (OR= 2.25, 95% CI;1.5-3.36) were the major risk factors for diarrhea. This study demonstrated that diarrhea morbidity was relatively high among children under 5 years of age residing in Eastern Ethiopia. Efforts to reduce childhood diarrhea should focus on improving household sanitation, personal hygiene, and child birth spacing.

Factors Influencing Preventive Behaviors of Mothers for Diarrhea in Children Aged 1-5 Years in Buol District, Indonesia

This study aims to determine the factors related with mothers＇ behaviors in preventing diarrhea in children aged 1-5 years inBuol District. This was a cross-sectional survey design with health belief model as the conceptual framework. A total of 300mothers were selected by using purposive sampling method based on criteria. Mothers were interviewed by using astructured questionnaire during October to November 2015. A chi-square （X^2） test was used to determine a significantassociation between independent variables and dependent variable. The finding showed that 68.3% of mothers hadgood behaviors in preventing diarrhea. The factors significantly related to mothers＇ behaviors included perceivedsusceptibility to diarrhea, perceived severity of diarrhea, perceived benefits of diarrhea prevention behaviors, and perceivedbarriers of diarrhea prevention behaviors CP 〈 .01, p 〈 .01, p 〈 .01, and p 〈 .01 respectively）. Further, mothers had highperception to comply with diarrhea prevention behaviors. Those who perceived that diarrhea prevention behaviors werehighly beneficial to their children had good behaviors in preventing diarrhea. However, taking certain actions must considernegative aspects.

Risk Factors for Geo-Helminthiasis in Children Aged 6 - 36 Months in a Rural Health District in Cameroon

Introduction and Objectives: Soil-Transmitted-Helminthiasis (STH) is a public health problem in Cameroon. The control strategies currently in place, particularly chemoprevention, has shortcomings linked to the target population, which are school-age children. The objective was to determine the prevalence and the risk factors associated with geo-helminthiasis in children aged 0 to 3 years in a rural health district. Method: From December 2020 to May 2021, a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of 376 children between 6 and 36 months was carried out in the Akonolinga health district. This was a cluster sampling in 4 health areas. Stool samples were collected and analysed using the mini-FLOTAC method. The results expressed as the number of eggs per gram of stool. A questionnaire on socio-demographic and lifestyle data was administered to the parents. The Chi-squared test was used to measure the association between geo-helminth infection and the data collected. A multivariate analysis using logistic regression was performed (p 0.05). Results: The prevalence of STH was 19.4% (Ascaris lumbricoides: 16% and Trichuris trichiura: 8%). Risk factors were: consumption of contaminated water (AOR = 1.93 [1.03 - 3.6];p = 0.040), early contact of the child with the ground (before age of 4 months) (AOR = 4.9 [2.1 - 11.37];p .001), habit of walking barefoot (AOR = 2.91 [1.1 - 7.97];p = 0.038), and living in a habitat with unpaved ground (AOR = 7.4 [1.55 - 35.7];p = 0.012). Conclusion: The prevalence of STHs in infants was high. Preventive chemotherapy should be extended to this age-group, and other measures intensified.

National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for Children 0–17 Years of Age in China

The main purpose of the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0-17 years of age in China(CNHSC)was to collect basic data on the nutrition,development,and health status for children in different regions across China using evidence-based,reliable,and cost-effective approaches.Children and their parents or guardians from seven regions(south,southwest,north,northwest,eastern,central,and northeast China)in China were recruited.A multi-stage stratified randomized sampling method was used.Two provinces were randomly sampled from each of the seven regions,from which one urban district and one rural country were also randomly sampled,resulting in a total of 28 survey counties/districts.Dietary surveys,health examinations,laboratory testing,and questionnaires were used to collect dietary intake,nutritional status,child development,and health status information.Nutrition,health,and lifestyle assessment of children and their parents was determined using the Knowledge Attitude Practice(KAP)survey.Greater than 100,000 children(38,000 children<6 years of age and 66,000 children6-17 years of age)completed the survey.The survey provided comprehensive data on child nutrition and health status for future studies and will serve as the basis for an integrated nutrition and health improvement strategies proposal for children in China.

Prevalence and Years Lived with Disability for Dental Caries among Children Aged 0-14 Years in China, 1990-2016

The estimate of dental caries among Chinese children at the microscale level using standard methodology remains unclear. In this study, we assessed and analyzed the disease burden of childhood dental caries in China by extracting data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 （GBD 2016）. In 2016, the number of cases, prevalence, years lived with disability （YLD）, and age-standardized YLD rate of dental caries was 93.0 million, 43.0%, 32,200 person years, and 14.8 per 100,000, respectively. Across 33 provincial units, the disease burden was highest in Hubei （YLD rate 28.6 per 100,000）, lowest in Macao （9.1 per 100,000）, while geographical clustering was not observed. Compared with 1990, the prevalence in 2016 decreased from 46.8% to 43.0%, and the YLD rate decreased from 16.5 per 100,000 to 14.8 per 100,000. Given the slight decrease in dental caries burden, the prevalence and disease burden remained high among Chinese children. Strategies for addressing the spatial inequity of childhood dental caries require geographical targeting.

Dietary Behaviors and Influencing Factors among Rural Left-behind Children Aged below 7 Years in China

Left-behind children comprise a special population inChinese rural areas. According to the 2007 China Census,the number ofleft-behind children aged≤14 years was estimated at 58 million which suggested that these childrencon stituted a

3-5岁儿童讲述故事的叙事能力发展研究

选取华东师范大学儿童语言研究中心zhou2语料库中的400名3-5岁学前儿童作为研究对象,运用国际叙事语言评估工具——MAIN(Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives)中《鸟》的故事作为研究材料进行数据收集,并使用MAIN从故事结构、结构复杂性、内部状态术语、故事理解四个方面,重点考察3-5岁学前儿童讲述故事的叙事能力,以及各要素的叙事水平是否存在年龄差异。结果表明:儿童叙事能力随年龄增长呈不均衡发展态势,且4-5岁为儿童叙事能力发展的转折期;儿童对故事各要素讲述能力的发展具有显著年龄差异;儿童故事理解能力各要素均处于较低发展水平。

2013—2022年房山区5岁以下儿童死亡情况分析

目的 分析房山区5岁以下儿童死亡率变化趋势及不同年龄儿童死亡原因的变化情况,针对5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因,制定综合有效的管理措施,降低新生儿及婴儿死亡率。方法 采用北京市妇幼信息系统5岁以下儿童死亡监测网络收集2013—2022年5岁以下儿童死亡个案报告卡,统计儿童死亡率及不同年龄段死亡构成比,分析新生儿、婴儿根本死因及顺位情况。结果 2019—2022年早期新生儿、新生儿、婴儿死亡率大体上呈下降趋势,早期新生儿死亡率下降幅度最大。2019—2021年早期新生儿死亡的构成比大体上呈下降趋势。10年期间持续年份较长的根本死因顺位第一位是早产或低出生体重、出生窒息的新生儿,早产或低出生体重的婴儿;第二位是早产或低出生体重、出生窒息的新生儿,出生窒息、先天性心脏病的婴儿;第三位是其他先天异常的新生儿及婴儿。结论 加强孕妇围产期保健管理及高危孕妇孕期早期干预,督促定期随诊,提高高危孕妇分娩前的评估水平,提升产科医生孕期及分娩时的诊治技术、新生儿科医生危重新生儿安全转运评估质量及新生儿复苏技术成功水平,是降低新生儿及婴儿死亡的关键措施。

快乐体操对5-6岁儿童大肌肉群动作发展影响的实验研究

目的:在国家、社会、学校及家庭的多方合力下,目前我国儿童的肥胖、视力弱等情况有所改善,但体质健康依然是需要攻坚的问题。本文通过开展利用快乐体操运动干预监测儿童大肌肉群发展情况的研究,旨在找到适宜儿童锻炼的途径,以促进有效提高其体质。方法:采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、德尔菲法、实验法、录像观察法、数理统计法,对5-6岁儿童进行18周的快乐体操干预,探究其对大肌肉群动作发展影响的情况。结果与结论:快乐体操对5-6岁儿童大肌肉群动作发展有显著性促进效果,其中位移技能的影响效果大于操控技能;幼儿园常规课程对5-6岁儿童大肌肉群动作发展有一定程度的影响,但改善效果不明显。

2008—2022年上海市九亭社区5岁以下儿童死亡情况调查分析

目的调查分析2008—2022年上海市九亭社区5岁以下儿童死亡情况。方法收集2008—2022年九亭社区5岁以下儿童死亡资料、出生统计、死亡统计,分析死亡情况和死因构成情况。结果2008—2022年九亭社区活产数为32526;<7 d、7~<28 d、28 d~<1岁、1~5岁儿童死亡率分别为1.44‰、0.37‰、0.58‰和0.95‰;九亭社区0~5岁儿童死亡率逐年下降。0~5岁儿童死亡原因主要包括早产、低出生体重、先天性心脏病、溺水、交通意外、意外窒息、出生窒息、刑事案件、先天性多发畸形、严重出生畸形、肺炎、癫痫、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征等。结论2008—2022年上海市九亭社区5岁以下儿童死亡率逐年下降,死亡原因主要包括低出生体重、早产、先天性疾病、意外伤害等。相关部门应进一步落实儿童保健工作,加强健康宣教,保障儿童健康成长。

乌鲁木齐市3~5岁儿童龋病相关因素的主成分分析

目的 探讨乌鲁木齐市3~5岁儿童龋病相关影响因素,为当地儿童龋病病因研究及一级预防提供依据。方法 运用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,随机抽取乌鲁木齐市8个区16所幼儿园3~5岁儿童为研究对象,对其进行口腔检查、体格检查及问卷调查,回收专业检查表及问卷调查表,整理数据并采用SPSS23.0软件进行主成分Logistic回归统计分析。结果 主成分分析结果显示7个公因子的特征根值大于1,分别为:口腔卫生习惯因子、家庭教育背景因子、糖分摄入影响因子、睡前饮食习惯因子、年龄因子、胎龄因子、喂养方式因子,累计贡献率达66.486%。经主成分Logistic回归分析与低龄儿童龋相关且具有统计学意义的为口腔卫生习惯因子(OR=0.795,P=0.044)、家庭教育背景因子(OR=0.667,P=0.019)、糖分摄入影响因子(OR=1.260,P=0.006)、睡前饮食习惯因子(OR=5.432,P<0.001)及年龄因子(OR=0.676,P=0.015)。结论 经主成分分析,乌鲁木齐市3~5岁儿童龋病相关因素有口腔卫生习惯因子、家庭教育背景因子、糖分摄入影响因子、睡前饮食习惯因子及年龄因子。

“贫困地区儿童营养改善试点项目”对广西贫困地区5岁以下儿童生长发育的促进作用

目的探讨“贫困地区儿童营养改善试点项目”对广西贫困地区5岁以下儿童生长发育的促进作用。方法以广西2018年新增的45个项目县(市、区)及57个非项目县(市、区)作为研究对象,统计2018—2021年项目实施情况。根据《广西7岁以下儿童保健和健康情况年报表》收集2017—2021年两个区域5岁以下儿童的生长发育指标数据,分析上述指标的变化及差异。结果2017—2021年,项目县(市、区)与非项目县(市、区)的5岁以下儿童低体重率、生长迟缓率、消瘦率、贫血率、中重度贫血率总体均呈下降趋势(均P<0.05)。项目县(市、区)上述指标的年均增长率分别为-7.3%、-13.1%、-3.4%、-22.5%、-24.0%,分别是非项目县(市、区)的1.2、1.2、1.5、1.1、0.94倍。2021年,项目县(市、区)5岁以下儿童低体重率、消瘦率、贫血率均低于非项目县(市、区)(均P<0.05)。结论“贫困地区儿童营养改善试点项目”对广西贫困地区5岁以下儿童的生长发育有明显的改善作用。

2017—2021年广西5岁以下儿童意外死亡情况分析

目的:分析2017—2021年广西5岁以下儿童意外死亡情况,为降低广西5岁以下儿童意外死亡率提供参考依据。方法:利用广西“桂妇儿健康服务信息管理系统”收集2017—2021年广西5岁以下儿童死亡报告卡和广西妇幼卫生年报数据,分析广西5岁以下儿童意外死亡原因、死亡率及变化趋势。结果:2017—2021年广西5岁以下儿童因意外伤害死亡3212人,意外死亡率为105.46/10万,意外死亡占5岁以下儿童死亡的22.77%。其中,农村儿童意外死亡率(109.64/10万)高于城市儿童(96.46/10万),1~4岁儿童(69.05/10万)意外死亡率高于婴儿(36.41/10万),男童意外死亡率(118.20/10万)高于女童(91.03/10万)。意外死亡构成比的分析结果显示,意外死亡儿童中,70.98%为农村儿童,65.47%为1~4岁儿童,59.43%为男童。意外死因排名中,意外窒息排在第1位,占35.74%,主要发生在婴儿期;溺水、交通意外分别排在第2、3位,占比分别为28.64%和14.04%,主要发生在1~4岁儿童。结论:意外死亡仍是广西5岁以下儿童死亡的主要死因,2017—2021年5岁以下儿童意外死亡率无明显变化,<3岁儿童、农村儿童、男童是意外伤害预防的重点人群,应针对不同年龄儿童制定相应的防范措施,降低儿童意外死亡率。

中国5岁以下儿童先天性出生缺陷的疾病负担趋势分析

目的:先天性出生缺陷是中国5岁以下儿童疾病负担的主要来源。本研究旨在通过分析1990年至2019年间中国5岁以下儿童不同先天性出生缺陷的疾病负担变化趋势,为加强出生缺陷综合防治提供科学依据。方法:基于2019年全球疾病负担研究(global burden disease,GBD)数据库,选取1990年至2019年中国5岁以下儿童先天性出生缺陷的发病率、死亡率及伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life year,DALYs)率作为评价指标,采用Joinpoint回归模型分析1990年至2019年30年间,不同类型先天性出生缺陷疾病负担的变化趋势,并按性别比较5岁以下儿童先天性出生缺陷疾病负担的差异。结果:与1990年相比,2019年中国5岁以下儿童先天性心脏异常(1931.91/10万)、先天性消化系统畸形(364.63/10万)、神经管畸形(277.20/10万)、先天性肌肉骨骼和肢体异常(133.33/10万)及唐氏综合征(128.22/10万)的DALYs率分别降低了70.78%、71.61%、86.21%、36.84%及73.65%。1990年至2019年,中国5岁以下儿童不同先天性出生缺陷的死亡率和DALYs率总体上均呈下降趋势,但先天性消化系统畸形和唐氏综合征的发病率分别在2005年和2001年后开始呈现逐渐上升趋势;除先天性肌肉骨骼和肢体异常外,其余几类出生缺陷的发病率均是男童高于女童。结论:1990年至2019年中国5岁以下儿童先天性出生缺陷的疾病负担大幅度下降,但先天性心脏异常疾病负担仍很严重且有些出生缺陷的发病率有上升趋势,需继续加强儿童出生缺陷的防治并根据其性别特征提出针对性措施。

2018—2020年江苏省5岁以下儿童意外死亡原因分析

目的了解江苏省5岁以下儿童意外死亡的情况及主要原因,分析婴儿意外窒息主要危险因素。方法通过“江苏省妇幼健康信息系统”收集2018—2020年5岁以下儿童意外死亡数据,将监测系统中由于意外伤害导致死亡的5岁以下儿童纳入本研究。使用Excel建立数据库,采用Stata16.0软件分析儿童意外死亡在不同年份、不同地区、不同人群、不同季节的分布。结果2018—2020年江苏省5岁以下儿童意外死亡率为95.92/10万,是5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因,也是1~4岁儿童死亡的首因;江苏省5岁以下儿童意外死亡的前三位死因是意外窒息、溺水和交通意外,合计占总意外死亡的78.54%;其中婴儿意外死亡以意外窒息为主,占85.35%,多发于冬春季节,2018—2020年导致婴儿意外窒息死亡的主要危险因素是被子、乳汁、胃内容物或食物和母亲或父亲身体压迫;1~4岁儿童以溺水和交通意外为主,占63.36%,溺水多发于秋、春夏季,交通意外多发生于春季和夏季;苏南、苏中和苏北地区儿童意外死因顺位不同。结论降低5岁以下儿童意外死亡率需重点关注1~4岁儿童,针对不同地区、不同年龄段、不同季节的主要意外死因开展干预措施,重点防控婴儿的意外窒息和1~4岁儿童的溺水和交通意外。

Assessment of Usual Fruit, Vegetable and Vitamin C Intakes in a Sample of Egyptian Children: Pilot Study

The objective was to create an Egyptian database on the contributors of fruit and vegetables in the diets of preschool children and to estimate the usual daily intakes of fruits, vegetables and vitamin C. A total of 59 healthy boys and girls aged 2.5 - 6 years attending day care centers in urban Giza governorate completed the study by interviewing their mothers on 6x non-consecutive days using the 24 h dietary recall. Participants were classified according to age, gender and socioeconomic class. Prevalence of daily consumptions of fruits and vegetables amounted to 22% and 54%, respectively of the total children. The daily intakes of fruits and vegetables averaged 117.5 and 56.4 g, respectively. The consumption of different types of fruits and vegetables was unevenly distributed by different personal and social variables. Estimated daily vitamin C supply from the diet was 38 mg per child, which satisfied the respective recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of 30 mg for the first six years of life. However, the diet of 15% of the children covered less than 75% of RNI. Top fruits contributing to vitamin C were oranges, guava, watermelon, pears and grapes. Extra foods such as chipsy was consumed by 81% of the children, contributed 18% to daily vitamin C supply and also 58.6 mg sodium. A multilevel intervention strategy is warranted for promoting daily fruit and vegetable intake and healthy eating in early childhood.