Factors Associated with Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Aged 0 - 5 Years in the Yénawa District of Cotonou (Benin) in 2023

Introduction: Acute respiratory infections remain one of the main causes of mortality in children aged 0 to 5. This work aimed to study the associated factors with the occurrence of acute respiratory infections in children 0 to 5 years old in Yénawa, Cotonou in 2023. Subjects and Method: It was an analytical cross-sectional study of children aged 0 - 5 years and their mothers in Yénawa, selected by four-degree random sampling. The sampling size, calculated using the Schwartz formula, was 126 children and 126 mothers. The dependent variable was the occurrence of acute respiratory infections. The independent variables were classified into four groups: socio-demographic and economic characteristics, behavioral factors, child-related factors, and environmental factors. Data collected by observation and questionnaire survey were analyzed using STATA version 15 software. Associated factors were investigated by bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression, at the 5% significance level. Results: A total of 126 children aged 0 - 5 years and 126 mothers were surveyed, aged 23.5 (11 - 36) months and 30 (18 - 48) years respectively. The prevalence of acute respiratory infections was 74.60% (CI95% = 66.89 to 82.30). The associated factors were the mother’s age between 18 and 28 (OR = 10.77;CI95% = 1.89 to 61.27;p = 0.007), the use of charcoal/wood for cooking (OR = 7.36;IC = 1.99 to 27.10;p = 0.003)), children's poor personal hygiene (OR = 8.87;IC = 2.92 to 26.97;p 0.001)), and cohabitation with domestic animals (OR = 7.27;IC = 1.67 to 31.71;p = 0.015). Conclusion: Communicating with mothers about the factors identified will help reduce the prevalence of acute respiratory infections in children aged 0 to 5.

Prevalence and Years Lived with Disability for Dental Caries among Children Aged 0-14 Years in China, 1990-2016

The estimate of dental caries among Chinese children at the microscale level using standard methodology remains unclear. In this study, we assessed and analyzed the disease burden of childhood dental caries in China by extracting data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 （GBD 2016）. In 2016, the number of cases, prevalence, years lived with disability （YLD）, and age-standardized YLD rate of dental caries was 93.0 million, 43.0%, 32,200 person years, and 14.8 per 100,000, respectively. Across 33 provincial units, the disease burden was highest in Hubei （YLD rate 28.6 per 100,000）, lowest in Macao （9.1 per 100,000）, while geographical clustering was not observed. Compared with 1990, the prevalence in 2016 decreased from 46.8% to 43.0%, and the YLD rate decreased from 16.5 per 100,000 to 14.8 per 100,000. Given the slight decrease in dental caries burden, the prevalence and disease burden remained high among Chinese children. Strategies for addressing the spatial inequity of childhood dental caries require geographical targeting.

Factors Influencing Preventive Behaviors of Mothers for Diarrhea in Children Aged 1-5 Years in Buol District, Indonesia

This study aims to determine the factors related with mothers＇ behaviors in preventing diarrhea in children aged 1-5 years inBuol District. This was a cross-sectional survey design with health belief model as the conceptual framework. A total of 300mothers were selected by using purposive sampling method based on criteria. Mothers were interviewed by using astructured questionnaire during October to November 2015. A chi-square （X^2） test was used to determine a significantassociation between independent variables and dependent variable. The finding showed that 68.3% of mothers hadgood behaviors in preventing diarrhea. The factors significantly related to mothers＇ behaviors included perceivedsusceptibility to diarrhea, perceived severity of diarrhea, perceived benefits of diarrhea prevention behaviors, and perceivedbarriers of diarrhea prevention behaviors CP 〈 .01, p 〈 .01, p 〈 .01, and p 〈 .01 respectively）. Further, mothers had highperception to comply with diarrhea prevention behaviors. Those who perceived that diarrhea prevention behaviors werehighly beneficial to their children had good behaviors in preventing diarrhea. However, taking certain actions must considernegative aspects.

3-5岁儿童讲述故事的叙事能力发展研究

选取华东师范大学儿童语言研究中心zhou2语料库中的400名3-5岁学前儿童作为研究对象,运用国际叙事语言评估工具——MAIN(Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives)中《鸟》的故事作为研究材料进行数据收集,并使用MAIN从故事结构、结构复杂性、内部状态术语、故事理解四个方面,重点考察3-5岁学前儿童讲述故事的叙事能力,以及各要素的叙事水平是否存在年龄差异。结果表明:儿童叙事能力随年龄增长呈不均衡发展态势,且4-5岁为儿童叙事能力发展的转折期;儿童对故事各要素讲述能力的发展具有显著年龄差异;儿童故事理解能力各要素均处于较低发展水平。

2013—2022年房山区5岁以下儿童死亡情况分析

目的 分析房山区5岁以下儿童死亡率变化趋势及不同年龄儿童死亡原因的变化情况,针对5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因,制定综合有效的管理措施,降低新生儿及婴儿死亡率。方法 采用北京市妇幼信息系统5岁以下儿童死亡监测网络收集2013—2022年5岁以下儿童死亡个案报告卡,统计儿童死亡率及不同年龄段死亡构成比,分析新生儿、婴儿根本死因及顺位情况。结果 2019—2022年早期新生儿、新生儿、婴儿死亡率大体上呈下降趋势,早期新生儿死亡率下降幅度最大。2019—2021年早期新生儿死亡的构成比大体上呈下降趋势。10年期间持续年份较长的根本死因顺位第一位是早产或低出生体重、出生窒息的新生儿,早产或低出生体重的婴儿;第二位是早产或低出生体重、出生窒息的新生儿,出生窒息、先天性心脏病的婴儿;第三位是其他先天异常的新生儿及婴儿。结论 加强孕妇围产期保健管理及高危孕妇孕期早期干预,督促定期随诊,提高高危孕妇分娩前的评估水平,提升产科医生孕期及分娩时的诊治技术、新生儿科医生危重新生儿安全转运评估质量及新生儿复苏技术成功水平,是降低新生儿及婴儿死亡的关键措施。

快乐体操对5-6岁儿童大肌肉群动作发展影响的实验研究

目的:在国家、社会、学校及家庭的多方合力下,目前我国儿童的肥胖、视力弱等情况有所改善,但体质健康依然是需要攻坚的问题。本文通过开展利用快乐体操运动干预监测儿童大肌肉群发展情况的研究,旨在找到适宜儿童锻炼的途径,以促进有效提高其体质。方法:采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、德尔菲法、实验法、录像观察法、数理统计法,对5-6岁儿童进行18周的快乐体操干预,探究其对大肌肉群动作发展影响的情况。结果与结论:快乐体操对5-6岁儿童大肌肉群动作发展有显著性促进效果,其中位移技能的影响效果大于操控技能;幼儿园常规课程对5-6岁儿童大肌肉群动作发展有一定程度的影响,但改善效果不明显。

Risk Factors for Geo-Helminthiasis in Children Aged 6 - 36 Months in a Rural Health District in Cameroon

Introduction and Objectives: Soil-Transmitted-Helminthiasis (STH) is a public health problem in Cameroon. The control strategies currently in place, particularly chemoprevention, has shortcomings linked to the target population, which are school-age children. The objective was to determine the prevalence and the risk factors associated with geo-helminthiasis in children aged 0 to 3 years in a rural health district. Method: From December 2020 to May 2021, a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of 376 children between 6 and 36 months was carried out in the Akonolinga health district. This was a cluster sampling in 4 health areas. Stool samples were collected and analysed using the mini-FLOTAC method. The results expressed as the number of eggs per gram of stool. A questionnaire on socio-demographic and lifestyle data was administered to the parents. The Chi-squared test was used to measure the association between geo-helminth infection and the data collected. A multivariate analysis using logistic regression was performed (p 0.05). Results: The prevalence of STH was 19.4% (Ascaris lumbricoides: 16% and Trichuris trichiura: 8%). Risk factors were: consumption of contaminated water (AOR = 1.93 [1.03 - 3.6];p = 0.040), early contact of the child with the ground (before age of 4 months) (AOR = 4.9 [2.1 - 11.37];p .001), habit of walking barefoot (AOR = 2.91 [1.1 - 7.97];p = 0.038), and living in a habitat with unpaved ground (AOR = 7.4 [1.55 - 35.7];p = 0.012). Conclusion: The prevalence of STHs in infants was high. Preventive chemotherapy should be extended to this age-group, and other measures intensified.

2008—2022年上海市九亭社区5岁以下儿童死亡情况调查分析

目的调查分析2008—2022年上海市九亭社区5岁以下儿童死亡情况。方法收集2008—2022年九亭社区5岁以下儿童死亡资料、出生统计、死亡统计,分析死亡情况和死因构成情况。结果2008—2022年九亭社区活产数为32526;<7 d、7~<28 d、28 d~<1岁、1~5岁儿童死亡率分别为1.44‰、0.37‰、0.58‰和0.95‰;九亭社区0~5岁儿童死亡率逐年下降。0~5岁儿童死亡原因主要包括早产、低出生体重、先天性心脏病、溺水、交通意外、意外窒息、出生窒息、刑事案件、先天性多发畸形、严重出生畸形、肺炎、癫痫、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征等。结论2008—2022年上海市九亭社区5岁以下儿童死亡率逐年下降,死亡原因主要包括低出生体重、早产、先天性疾病、意外伤害等。相关部门应进一步落实儿童保健工作,加强健康宣教,保障儿童健康成长。

National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for Children 0–17 Years of Age in China

The main purpose of the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0-17 years of age in China(CNHSC)was to collect basic data on the nutrition,development,and health status for children in different regions across China using evidence-based,reliable,and cost-effective approaches.Children and their parents or guardians from seven regions(south,southwest,north,northwest,eastern,central,and northeast China)in China were recruited.A multi-stage stratified randomized sampling method was used.Two provinces were randomly sampled from each of the seven regions,from which one urban district and one rural country were also randomly sampled,resulting in a total of 28 survey counties/districts.Dietary surveys,health examinations,laboratory testing,and questionnaires were used to collect dietary intake,nutritional status,child development,and health status information.Nutrition,health,and lifestyle assessment of children and their parents was determined using the Knowledge Attitude Practice(KAP)survey.Greater than 100,000 children(38,000 children<6 years of age and 66,000 children6-17 years of age)completed the survey.The survey provided comprehensive data on child nutrition and health status for future studies and will serve as the basis for an integrated nutrition and health improvement strategies proposal for children in China.

2017—2021年广西5岁以下儿童意外死亡情况分析

目的:分析2017—2021年广西5岁以下儿童意外死亡情况,为降低广西5岁以下儿童意外死亡率提供参考依据。方法:利用广西“桂妇儿健康服务信息管理系统”收集2017—2021年广西5岁以下儿童死亡报告卡和广西妇幼卫生年报数据,分析广西5岁以下儿童意外死亡原因、死亡率及变化趋势。结果:2017—2021年广西5岁以下儿童因意外伤害死亡3212人,意外死亡率为105.46/10万,意外死亡占5岁以下儿童死亡的22.77%。其中,农村儿童意外死亡率(109.64/10万)高于城市儿童(96.46/10万),1~4岁儿童(69.05/10万)意外死亡率高于婴儿(36.41/10万),男童意外死亡率(118.20/10万)高于女童(91.03/10万)。意外死亡构成比的分析结果显示,意外死亡儿童中,70.98%为农村儿童,65.47%为1~4岁儿童,59.43%为男童。意外死因排名中,意外窒息排在第1位,占35.74%,主要发生在婴儿期;溺水、交通意外分别排在第2、3位,占比分别为28.64%和14.04%,主要发生在1~4岁儿童。结论:意外死亡仍是广西5岁以下儿童死亡的主要死因,2017—2021年5岁以下儿童意外死亡率无明显变化,<3岁儿童、农村儿童、男童是意外伤害预防的重点人群,应针对不同年龄儿童制定相应的防范措施,降低儿童意外死亡率。

0-5岁儿童睡眠习惯及睡眠障碍的现状研究

【目的】了解我国城市儿童睡眠习惯及睡眠障碍的发生现状，以便引起相关部门重视。【方法】采用分层随机抽样法抽取我国12个省市14883名0～5岁儿童作为研究对象，采用统一问卷对受试儿童家长进行现场调查，应用SAS统计软件进行数据分析。【结果】中国城市0～5岁儿童睡眠障碍总患病率为20．87％。其中入睡困难、磨牙、打鼾发生率较高。儿童睡眠习惯主要存在的问题有：62．48％的儿童与家人或保姆同床睡眠；59．79％睡前需要安慰物;33．08％睡前30min经常看电视;11.22％夜间习惯俯卧位睡姿。【结论】睡眠障碍是当前影响儿童身心健康较为突出的问题，许多障碍根源于儿童早期不良的睡眠习惯。因此，有必要及早为家长提供切实可行的睡眠卫生指导，以预防儿童睡眠障碍的发生，保证儿童良好的睡眠质量。

The effect of protective genital care protocol on preventing diaper dermatit development in 0 - 18 month old children using antibiotics

Diaper dermatit is among the widely seen inflamatory skin diseases in neonatals and small 0 - 18 month old children. Control of causative agents as well as providing good genital care may prevent or reduce the risk of the disease. The aim of this study is find out the effect of protective genital care on reducing the diaper dermatit development in 0 - 18 months old inpatient 0 - 18 month old children who are using antibiotic. The study was conducted as prospective half-experimetal using control-experimental groups. Our samples comprise of 0 - 18 month old children admitted at Dokuz Eylul University Practical and Research Hospital, pediatric clinic between January and May 2009, 41 0 - 18 month old children as a control group were not under protective genital care, and 42 0 - 18 month old children as an experimental group were under the protecion and using vaseline. The mothers of the experimental group 0 - 18 month old children were given education. All 0 - 18 month old children were followed-up 3 - 7 days and the collected data were evaluated in computer using Pearson’s chisquare, Fisher’s exact chi-square and Yatest-corrected chi-square tests. The diaper dermatit develop- ment ratio was 34.1% in the control group and 7.1% in the experimental group

2006-2015年北京市大兴区5岁以下儿童死亡变化分析

目的分析北京市大兴区2006-2015年5岁以下儿童死亡率及主要死因的变化趋势,为进一步降低5岁以下儿童死亡率提供科学依据。方法利用动态数列对新生儿、婴儿和5岁以下儿童死亡率进行时间趋势的描述,使用卡方趋势检验分析新生儿、婴儿和5岁以下儿童死亡率及主要死因别死亡率的变化趋势。结果 2015年大兴区新生儿、婴儿和5岁以下儿童死亡率分别为1.44‰、1.97‰和3.01‰,2006-2015年的年平均下降速度分别达10.43%、10.19%和7.75%。2006-2010年,大兴区5岁以下儿童死亡前五位死因依次为早产或低出生体重、先天性心脏病、肺炎、出生窒息、其他先天异常和交通意外,其中,先天性心脏病的死亡率由103.65/10万下降到52.45/10万,下降趋势具有统计学意义(趋势χ~2=5.028,P<0.05)。结论 2006-2015年,新生儿、婴儿和5岁以下儿童死亡率总体均呈现下降趋势。继续加强妇幼系统管理和产、儿科的合作,提高产前筛查和诊断技术,减少新生儿期死亡均是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键。

2006年-2008年5岁以下儿童意外死亡分析

目的:了解佛山市南海区5岁以下儿童意外死亡的现状与特点。方法:收集2006年-2008年南海区5岁以下儿童意外死亡的相关资料,采用SAS9.1.3进行统计分析。结果:3年间5岁以下儿童意外死亡率呈下降趋势,意外死亡是1-4岁儿童的首位死因。其中,婴儿期首位意外死亡原因为意外窒息,1-4岁儿童首位意外死亡原因为溺水。结论:应高度重视儿童意外死亡问题,尽最大努力杜绝儿童意外死亡。

河南省某三级妇幼保健院2014-2018年5岁以下患儿疾病谱及死亡情况

目的分析河南省某三级妇幼保健院2014-2018年5岁以下患儿疾病谱及死亡情况,为确定重点人群、重点病种采取健康管理,为提高5岁以下儿童健康水平提供依据。方法以河南省某三级妇幼保健院2014-2018年收治的5岁以下患儿为研究对象,收集其诊疗信息,分析其疾病谱及不同年龄段死亡情况。结果神经系统疾病、围生期疾病、呼吸系统疾病、精神行为障碍类疾病均是影响5岁以下儿童健康的重要病种。新生儿患儿死亡率高于其他年龄段,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。围生期疾病、先天性畸形、染色体异常及呼吸系统疾病在5岁以下患儿死亡病种中居主导地位。结论为提高5岁以下儿童健康水平,要加强对神经系统疾病、围生期疾病、呼吸系统疾病、精神行为障碍类疾病的防治工作。产前筛查和新生儿筛查是减少先天性畸形发生、降低新生儿死亡率的重要途径。

2012-2014年苏州儿童医院5岁以下儿童病毒性腹泻流行病学特点

目的:对苏州儿童医院5岁以下儿童病毒性腹泻的流行病学特点进行调查。方法:收集5岁以下腹泻患儿的粪便标本1 144例(除外细菌感染性腹泻)。检测A组的HRV阳性标本,进行毒株分型鉴定。结果:阳性标本384例,轮状病毒G 448例,轮状病毒P 449例,诺如病毒1有9例,诺如病毒2有225例,札如病毒32例,腺病毒51例,星状病毒29例。结论:轮状病毒G、轮状病毒P、诺如病毒2是导致5岁以下儿童病毒性腹泻的主要致病原,发病时间多发生在7-12月。

2006-2009年自贡市5岁以下儿童死亡变化趋势与分析

目的:分析2006～2009自贡市5岁以下儿童死亡变化趋势。方法:对2006～2009年自贡市5岁以下死亡儿童进行分析,以了解自贡市5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因、变化趋势,为科学干预提供依据。结果:自2006年以来,自贡市5岁以下儿童死亡率总体呈下降趋势,意外死亡近两年上升至第一位。结论:加强孕期及围产儿保健,降低新生儿死亡率;积极开展产前诊断,减少先天畸形;控制感染性疾病;采取综合措施减少儿童意外死亡。

国外0-3岁婴幼儿托育服务供给的经验、问题及启示——以美、英、日为例

托育服务及其质量不仅对婴幼儿的身心健康发展具有重要影响,而且对提高国民素质,提升家庭幸福以及社会可持续发展具有重要战略意义。美国、英国、日本在0-3岁婴幼儿托育服务制度保障、福利补贴、运营模式以及师资队伍等方面有较成熟经验。但由于“补缺式”供给体制造成托育服务两极分化、“市场化”运营方式导致托育机构质量参差不齐、“性别化”政策规避导致家庭照顾服务失灵、“非正式”托育机构配备导致托育师资质量较低。借鉴美国、英国、日本托育服务的有益探索与实践,我国0-3岁婴幼儿托育服务应加强顶层设计以建立健全托育服务体系,激活市场活力以支持托育服务有效供给,合理规划托育服务资源以满足不同需求,整合学前师资力量以提高托育服务人员水平。

湖南省耒阳市2011-2017年5岁以下儿童死亡监测分析

目的了解湖南省耒阳市2011-2017年5岁以下儿童死亡率变化及死亡原因顺位变化趋势,并针对主要死因提出有效降低死亡率的干预措施。方法收集耒阳市2011-2017年5岁以下儿童死亡监测活产数及死亡个案卡,利用Excel表及SPSS统计软件进行统计学分析。结果耒阳市2011-2017年新生儿、婴儿、5岁以下儿童死亡率分别为3.12‰、5.41‰、9.25‰,5岁以下儿童死亡率逐年下降(2011年为11.01‰,2017年为6.73‰),男女死亡率比较差异无统计学意义;溺水、肺炎、早产或低出生体重、先天性心脏病、意外窒息是5岁以下儿童死亡主要原因。结论降低耒阳市5岁以儿童死亡率关键是预防溺水、意外窒息、先天性心脏病、早产或低出生体重的死亡。

云南省2015-2019年5岁以下儿童死亡及潜在减寿年数的地区差异研究

背景过去几十年里中国政府为降低5岁以下儿童死亡取得了明显成效,但城乡之间仍存在差异。目的分析云南省不同地区2015-2019年5岁以下儿童主要死亡原因和减寿情况。方法按2017年贫困发生率将云南省129个区(县)划分为深度贫困、一般贫困和非贫困三类地区;以云南省疾病预防控制中心“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”的“人口死亡信息登记管理系统”为数据来源,采用死亡率、死因构成比、潜在减寿年数、减寿率、平均减寿年数5个健康测量指标对2015-2019年云南省5岁以下儿童死亡报告数据进行统计描述;采用Poisson回归模型估计云南省各类地区死亡率的变化趋势;采用卡方检验比较各类地区5岁以下儿童死亡地点在不同年份间的差异。结果云南省5岁以下儿童死亡率呈下降趋势,变化幅度为-28.23%,年均变化为-7.60%〔95%CI(-8.52%,-6.76%)〕。深度贫困地区、一般贫困地区和非贫困地区的5岁以下儿童死亡率变化幅度分别为-29.51%、-13.34%、-42.66%,年均变化分别为-6.95%〔95%CI(-8.51%,-5.45%)〕、-3.15%〔95%CI(-4.59%,-1.69%)〕、-13.76%〔95%CI(-15.38%,-12.10%)〕。5岁以下儿童在深度贫困地区的主要死亡地点为家中,但有下降趋势;一般贫困地区和非贫困地区的主要死亡地点为医疗机构,亦有下降趋势。贫困地区5岁以下儿童死亡地点在不同年份间的构成比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。云南省5岁以下儿童2015年和2019年的前三位死因均为出生产伤和窒息、下呼吸道感染及先天性心脏异常,但平均减寿年数值较高的主要为出生低体质量及出生产伤和窒息。结论云南省5岁以下儿童死亡率在三类地区均呈下降趋势。但鉴于贫困与非贫困地区间仍存在差异,以及早死带来的寿命损失,未来仍需进一步采取干预措施,持续提升脱贫地区的卫生服务能力,同时强化围生期保健和意外死亡的防控。