A Study of Health Prescribing for Children with Tourette’s Disorders in Children’s Health Education Specialty Care Clinics

Objective:This study designs and implements the health prescription of children’s health education specialized nursing clinic based on the physical and mental characteristics of children with Tourette’s syndrome.Methods:Applying the evidence-based nursing model and nursing intervention theory based on the survey research by searching China Knowledge Network,Wanfang Database and Wipro Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database,the study collected the literature on the health prescription intervention research in children’s Tourette’s disorders health education in children’s health education of specialized nursing outpatient clinic for review and combined with the specialty characteristics to formulate“Children’s Tourette’s Disorder Health Education Prescription.”Results:Tourette’s syndrome in children is a common pediatric neurological disorder,mainly manifested as involuntary,rapid and repeated muscle twitching and vocal tics,which brings serious psychological pressure and life disturbance to the affected children.Conclusion:For children with Tourette’s syndrome,healthcare professionals should give enough care and understanding to the children and their parents,provide timely and effective health education to them,help them improve their bad behavioral habits,establish correct cognitive attitudes,enhance self-confidence,improve patient compliance,reduce the frequency of recurrence,reduce the incidence of complications and promote children’s physical and mental health development.

Children’s Health, Parent-Child Activities, Using Digital Devices, and Social Competence: Serial Mediation

Background: Studies have pointed out the influence of different children’s activities and prolonged use of digital products on their social development. However, whether the parent-child activities and using digital devices were serial mediators of the relationship between children’s health and social development needs further verification. Purpose: This study explored how parent-child activities and children’s use of digital devices influence the relationship between children’s health and their social competence. Method: This study used data from Kids in Taiwan: National Longitudinal Study of Child Development and Care. A total sample of 2164 participants was used in this study. Serial mediation analyses were performed using model six of Hayes’ PROCESS (2012). Results: This study found that parent-child activities and the use of digital devices can serially mediate the relationship between children’s health and social competence. Children’s health could directly improve their social competence, but it could also serially mediate social competence by increasing parent-child activities and reducing the use of digital devices. Conclusion: Childcare policy planners and parenting educators should not only call on parents to reduce the use of electronic products for their children, but also encourage parents to spend more time interacting with their children, so that children can learn social skills by interacting with others in their daily lives.

Factors Affecting Children’s Cholesterol Levels with a View to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease—The Unique Benefits of Health Screening at the Elementary School

Background: The prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) can substantially contribute to reducing the mortality rate across countries. The level of interest in cholesterol among experts increases when the subjects are elderly and obese individuals. However, specialists do not recommend that children should receive the cholesterol test. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of cholesterol levels among the children of public school and their parents’ lifestyles that are associated with cholesterol levels, and to assess the need for and utility of cholesterol testing in school settings. Methods: The study investigated a group of 226 fourth-grade public school children aged between 9 and 10 years and guardians in Akitakatacity of Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. Multiple regression analyses were performed with the logarithmic value of cholesterol levels as a response variable, awareness about lifestyles and health of children as an explanatory variable, and child’s sex and body mass index (BMI) as moderating variables. Using questionnaires about lifestyles, the step-down procedure was applied in multiple regression analyses to narrow down relevant lifestyle variables. Results: The percentage of children with the high total cholesterol (TC) value was about 15 and with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol value was about 10. Children with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol value were 5%. Treatment was not required according to the comprehensive assessment. Cholesterol levels were associated with the situation of the children and their guardians as follows, guardian need to consider the food, and child has the correct knowledge about food like how to eat snacks. Conclusions: Children had poor cholesterol levels. From childhood, along with the parents, there is a need to learn about appropriate level of cholesterol for CVD prevention.

Recreation of Agricultural Landscape for Children with Nature-deficit Disorder

Promoting human health is a basic value of landscape architecture. It is theoretically feasible to rebuild the link between children with nature-deficit disorder and nature via artificially-made natural environment. This paper explored the relationship between children's health and nature from the perspective of landscape architecture theories and practices. First, impact of nature-deficit disorder on children's health; second, basic appeals of children with nature-deficit disorder were sorted out; finally, specialized gardens for children with nature-deficit disorder under the instruction of the above theories were designed.

父母参加社会医疗保险对儿童健康的影响研究——基于CHNS数据的实证分析

增强社会医疗保险对儿童健康的保障能力是提升社会医疗保险效能的有效路径。基于1991—2015年九期中国健康与营养调查数据,利用固定效应模型研究父母医疗保险对儿童健康的影响并检验其内在机制,结果显示:父母参加社会医疗保险具有代际“溢出效应”,能显著促进儿童健康水平的提升,对儿童的健康保障起到补充作用。异质性分析结果表明,父母参加社会医疗保险对城市户籍及西部欠发达地区儿童的健康促进效果更加显著。机制检验结果显示,正规就医可以增强父母参加社会医疗保险对儿童健康的正向影响,健康检查则会削弱父母参加社会医疗保险对儿童健康的正向影响。由此,提出通过倾斜性医保政策、探索家庭联保提高基本医疗保险的保障水平,增强农村地区、欠发达地区的基本医疗保险保障能力,引导家庭有效利用医疗卫生资源,以及有针对性地给予家庭预防保健服务保障等建议。

照顾资源供需视角下的儿童身体健康与父母抑郁

成年人抑郁已成为全球性公共健康问题。当前研究大多在个体层面讨论导致成年人抑郁的因素及其分化,对家庭的影响讨论尚不充分。在中国的家庭文化中,父母对子女的期望和责任感尤为强烈,儿童生病往往构成家庭的冲击性事件,打破家庭常规的运行方式,需要父母付出额外的照料与经济成本,进而可能会影响父母的心理健康。特别是随着老龄化加剧与女性大量进入劳动力市场,传统以家庭为单位的照顾活动在日益增长的照料需求面前相形见绌,照顾资源的供给与需求状况构成了研究这一问题的结构性背景。本研究使用中国家庭追踪调查2020年数据,聚焦儿童身体健康对父母抑郁的影响及异质性,并将其置于照顾资源的供给与需求框架下进行分析。研究发现:在只有一名0~16岁儿童的家庭中,儿童生病或者因病就医会显著增加父母的抑郁水平,医疗开支越大父母的抑郁水平也显著更高。研究通过将自变量更换成生病的频率以及将样本更换为有多名儿童的家庭,发现上述结果具有一定的稳健性。此外,儿童身体健康对父母抑郁的影响存在性别与社会经济地位的分野。女性往往是承担照顾工作的主体,儿童生病会提高母亲的抑郁水平,对父亲的影响并不显著,这反映了中国传统家庭分工模式的作用。在居住城镇、教育程度较高的父母中,儿童身体健康不佳对父母抑郁的影响更大。研究还进一步在照顾资源供给与需求情境下讨论影响效应。从供给方面看,当祖辈能够提供照料支持或者父母一方不在业时,儿童生病对父母抑郁的影响相对较小,说明更多的照顾供给能够发挥“保护网”作用,在儿童生病时为家庭托底。从需求方面看,无论家庭中孩子总数多还是少、孩子的年龄大还是小,儿童生病都会显著提升父母的抑郁水平。本研究的发现对优化儿童照顾政策具有一定的启发意义,未来应当借鉴其他国家(地区)的先进经验,更加重视儿童的社会保障问题,平衡照顾资源的供需矛盾,重点增加照顾资源的供给,形成针对兼顾工作和子女照顾的制度性支持。与此同时,也需要在照顾议题中关注两性平等,推动男性参与儿童照顾,促进家庭成员之间的风险共担,为家庭赋能。

基于B/S模式的孕妇儿童体检系统的设计与实现

为了改善孕妇、儿童体检流程的繁重手工管理,提高保健质量和体检效率,同时实现系统在妇幼保健等医疗单位更好地共享。参照《国家基本公共卫生服务规范(2011年)》提出基于B/S模式的孕妇儿童体检系统。介绍系统的总体结构,开发环境、数据库及功能模块设计,并以医生平台为例详细说明儿童体检模块的具体实现过程。系统基本上实现了妇幼保健机构孕妇儿童体检信息及工作考核等的无纸化、规范化和高效化管理,具有较好的实用价值。

最低工资标准提升对女性育儿时间的影响研究

当前我国经济面临着较为复杂的外部发展环境和内部多重挑战,这使我国低收入家庭尤其女性家庭成员存在较大的收入不确定性,这些变化将会对女性的工作(有酬劳动)和育儿(照料子女)的选择产生深刻影响。尽管已有研究广泛探讨了女性所面临的工作-育儿冲突问题,但现实生活中我国女性在二者之间究竟会作何选择并可能引致何种后果则少有文献涉及。文章借助最低工资政策的实施,构建理论模型刻画女性在面临增收机会情境下育儿时间的选择机制,以期加深理解低收入女性在工作和育儿之间的权衡难题。文章还利用子女的未来健康状况变化进一步考察女性育儿时间决策的后果,为上述问题的分析提供补充证据。在此基础上,采用2004—2015年中国健康与营养调查数据和同期各区县的最低工资标准进行系统的实证检验。结果显示最低工资标准提升对低收入女性育儿时间具有显著负向影响,该结论在经过一系列内生性分析和稳健性检验后依然成立。机制分析表明最低工资标准提升主要通过提高女性参与劳动的概率和工作时间产生作用,这一结论为低收入女性用工作替代育儿的事实提供了直接证据。异质性分析表明:处于生育平稳期、子女年龄为4~6岁或父辈健康状况较好的女性因具有更高的育儿弹性,育儿时间受到的负向影响更强,同时技能水平更低或工作搜寻难度更小的女性育儿时间同样也更容易受到最低工资政策的不利影响。进一步研究发现最低工资标准提升对短期内子女的身心健康具有显著负向影响,且均可归因于女性育儿时间的减少,这也为文章中的核心结论提供了补充性证据。据此建议政府部门推动建立父亲育儿假制度,加强对托儿机构的普遍监管和支持,鼓励企业为女性群体提供灵活的工作时间和工作模式,聚焦低技能、低学历女性群体的职业技能培训和教育提升,增强其就业竞争力,同时加强最低工资政策的执行力度,确保小时工资标准得到遵守,防止企业延长工作时间。这些措施有助于弥补女性育儿时间减少导致的不利后果,构建合理的生育支持政策体系。

基于《黄帝内经》“养阳”理论探析小儿养生

阳气贯穿人生命全过程,小儿体质特殊,养阳对小儿养生尤为关键。故基于《黄帝内经》“养阳”理论,结合小儿生理病理特点,论述了阳气与小儿生长发育关系,探讨万物之生由乎阳、小儿以阳为本之理,认为小儿养阳应循时序,养护当“顺阳”“补阳”“护阳”,以达五脏调顺、阴平阳秘、驱邪防病的目的,对现今育儿保健有着积极的意义。

重庆市儿童医疗服务体系现状的SWOT分析与对策研究

目的:通过对重庆市儿童医疗服务体系现状的了解,分析存在的问题及导致这些问题的原因,提出合理的对策建议。方法:数据收集和现状了解主要采取访谈法、文献研究法,对目前存在的问题及原因则采用SWOT分析法,分析目前面临的优势、劣势、机会和威胁。结果:随着全面二孩政策的放开,对儿童医疗服务需求加大,但儿童医疗资源紧缺且分配不均,儿童医疗服务水平有待提高。结论:主管部门应根据国家医改政策和重庆市儿童医疗服务体系的现状制定适合重庆市儿童医疗服务改革的方针和措施,合理调配资源配置,酌情设立儿科建设专项基金,加强县级综合医院儿科建设发展,应用医保杠杆推行分级诊疗,提高全市儿童医疗服务的整体水平,缓解看病难的问题。

Health Promotion Model: An Integrative Literature Review

Background: The Health Promotion Model (HPM) indicates that each person is a biopsychosocial creature that is partially shaped by the environment, but also seeks to create an environment in which inherent and acquired human potential can be fully expressed. The HPM is proposed as a holistic predictive model of health-promoting behavior for use in research and practice. Purpose: The purpose of this review is to examine how the HPM has been applied in various research studies. Methods: An integrative review was used to find studies that were guided by the HPM. Data search was between 2008 to 2018 using Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, EBSCO, Cochrane, ERIC, Joanna Briggs Institute and EBSCO host. The keywords used were Pender’s and Health Promotion Model. Results: Seventeen studies were reviewed;most of them were quantitative studies. These studies discussed variables from the HPM. Most of the study variables were measured using instruments derived from the HPM. The results of the reviewed studies revealed that the HPM had predictive value in estimating health-promoting behaviors. Conclusion: The HPM was widely established in the nursing community and was implemented in nursing practice, education, and research. In addition, the HPM constructs were used to hypothesize conceptual frameworks in many studies to predict health-promoting behaviors in many chronic diseases.

以妇女儿童为主体 发挥妇联网络优势开展HIV/AIDS预防教育与关怀活动

以妇女儿童为主体,发挥妇联网络优势,与联合国儿基会合作通过层层培训及大众传媒,深入开展了艾滋病预防知识宣传培训的社会动员工作,包括培养骨干,将宣传材料翻译成11种少数民族文字,利用各种途径传播相关知识,开展针对辍学女童等不同人群为目标人群的HIV/AIDS预防教育培训。通过以上措施,提高了广大妇女儿童有关预防和控制HIV/AIDS知识。

广东省某三甲妇幼保健院医保住院患者就医满意度影响因素研究

目的 通过调查广东省某三甲妇幼保健院医保住院患者就医满意度,探讨影响医保患者就医满意度的相关因素,发现医保服务的不足之处,从而为提高医院医保管理水平提供参考依据。方法 采用问卷调查法了解2021年9月—12月住院期间医保患者就医服务满意度情况,采用描述性分析对数据的分布进行探索,并对影响就医的因素进行进行单因素方差分析及线性回归分析。结果 影响患者就医满意度的主要因素包括出入院手续办理、病房环境舒适度、医保政策宣传、便民服务、医保结算效率、医保报销清晰度等。结论 医疗水平、环境设施与医保服务对总体满意度的影响较大,医院应重点改善出入院手续办理、病房环境以及医保报销清晰度,进一步提高医保住院患者的就医满意度。

上海妇幼保健系统党员和业务骨干“双培养”工作现状与对策建议

目的调查当前上海市妇幼保健机构党员和业务骨干“双培养”工作现状,对本系统人才队伍建设提出对策建议,为打造一支政治过硬、业务精湛、作风优良的妇幼健康人才队伍打好基础。方法通过召开1场人才工作专题会,发放17张机构调查表和321份调查问卷,到3个区妇幼保健院(所)实地调研,收集17家机构工作总结等方式,了解2020—2022年上海市、区两级17家妇幼保健机构党员和业务骨干“双培养”工作情况。结果上海妇幼保健系统党员和业务骨干“双培养”工作在机制建设、思想引领和培养方式上已经取得一定成效,但在受访者中,仍有39.75%对该项工作不了解;57%的非党员业务骨干不愿意或不确定是否入党;82名非业务骨干党员认为自身与业务骨干在工作格局(27.27%)、管理能力(24.43%)、业务能力(14.2%)和人际沟通能力(11.93%)等方面存在差距。结论本市妇幼保健系统要进一步加强党员和业务骨干“双培养”工作的推进力度:一要立足“党管”、立足“精准”、立足“长远”;二要加强对业务骨干思想引领和文化引领;三要实现党员工作格局、职业素养和综合实力三方面超越,从而不断提升人才素质,夯实妇幼事业的人才基础。

儿童学堂健康教育模式的实施效果评价

目的探讨儿童学堂健康教育模式在儿科病房护理中的应用效果。方法成立儿童学堂,将“互联网+”课堂、AI机器人互动课、面对面宣教课堂作为必修课,游戏心理课、阅读课、兴趣班、特色课等作为选修课,对患儿及家属进行健康教育。在儿童学堂实施前后,分别抽取150例患儿及家属进行满意度及健康教育知识评分比较,同时调查参与活动的医护人员对学堂的评价。结果实施后患儿及家属满意度及健康教育知识评分显著高于实施前(均P<0.05);参与的医护人员对8个方面的评价均较高。结论儿童学堂健康教育在儿科病房的应用可以提高患儿及家属满意度、健康教育知晓率,提高护理人员健康教育等方面的能力。

Children’s Health and the Environment——Developing Action Plans

Investing in children＇ s health is essential to ensure human and economic development. Healthy children have the best chances for healthy, productive lives. At the Fourth Ministerial Conference on Environment and Health in 2004, the countries in the WHO European Region committed themselves to building a healthy future for the Region＇ s children by adopting the Children＇ s Environment and Health Action Plan for Europe.

Women and Children's Health in Tibet

AS a doctor in the management of maternity and children’s hygiene in the Tibet Autonomous Region for nearly 20 years, I would like to present a brief introduction of the situation of Tibetan women and children’s health, as well as the related services. Prior the Liberation in Tibet, this region coveting over 1.2 million square kilometers, had few health care facilities for women and children. Such activities were carried out by three Tibetan medical institutions, a small number of folk doctors of Tibetan medicine, and a few private clinics. Under the feudal serf system in Tibet, women who gave birth were discriminated against because it was considered an obscene act. Women could not give birth in their tent homes, but were instead forced to seek shelter in cow stalls or sheepfolds no matter how severe the weather. Women and children at the time had no rights to health care. Countless women and children died of birthing complications

Women and Children's Health Care in the Yimeng Mountain Area

The Yimeng Mountain area in the central and southern part of Shandong Province, is very poor.

上海市7岁以下儿童医疗保障现况与意愿参保研究

儿童医疗保障是社会保障体系的重要组成部分。该研究分析了上海市 7岁以下儿童享有各种医疗保障的现况以及对假定的医疗保险方案的意愿参保情况 。

5岁以下儿童医保现状及其影响因素分析:以武汉市硚口区为例

目的:研究武汉市5岁以下儿童医保覆盖情况及其影响因素。方法:分层随机抽取814名5岁以下儿童,利用结构式问卷法收集儿童人口学信息和参保情况。采用描述性分析、卡方检验、多因素Logistic回归法进行统计学分析。结果:武汉市硚口区5岁以下儿童医疗保险覆盖率为66.8%,其参保类型主要是城镇居民医疗保险(57.50%)、新农合(26.50%)及商业保险(24.70%)。儿童的年龄及儿童流动性与儿童是否参保相关(P<0.05),而儿童监护人不知道儿童可以参保、儿童户籍、错过参保时间及家庭经济困难是儿童未参保的主要原因。结论:武汉市5岁以下儿童医疗保险覆盖率较低,建议从制度层面消除城乡二元户籍制度,加大对医疗保险政策的宣传力度,帮助低收入家庭儿童参加医疗保险,以促进儿童医保全覆盖。