BACKGROUND Down syndrome(DS)is one of the most common causes of intellectual disability.Children with DS have varying intelligence quotient(IQ)that can predict their learning abilities.AIM To assess the brain metaboli...BACKGROUND Down syndrome(DS)is one of the most common causes of intellectual disability.Children with DS have varying intelligence quotient(IQ)that can predict their learning abilities.AIM To assess the brain metabolic profiles of children with DS and compare them to standard controls,using magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS)and correlating the results with IQ.METHODS This case-control study included 40 children with DS aged 6-15 years and 40 age and sex-matched healthy children as controls.MRS was used to evaluate ratios of choline/creatine(Cho/Cr),N-acetyl aspartic acid/creatine(NAA/Cr),and myoinositol/creatine(MI/Cr(in the frontal,temporal,and occipital lobes and basal ganglia and compared to controls and correlated with IQ.RESULTS Children with DS showed significant reductions in NAA/Cr and MI/Cr and a non-significant reduction in Cho/Cr in frontal lobes compared to controls.Additionally,we observed significant decreases in NAA/Cr,MI/Cr,and Cho/Cr in the temporal and occipital lobes and basal ganglia in children with DS compared to controls.Furthermore,there was a significant correlation between IQ and metabolic ratios in the brains of children with DS.CONCLUSION Brain metabolic profile could be a good predictor of IQ in children with DS.展开更多
128 children of mental retardation were diagnosed in accordance with the diagnostic stand-ards proposed by WHO in 1985. The patients were treated compositely with acupuncture, auriculo-acupoint pellet pressure and her...128 children of mental retardation were diagnosed in accordance with the diagnostic stand-ards proposed by WHO in 1985. The patients were treated compositely with acupuncture, auriculo-acupoint pellet pressure and herbal plasters on acupoints, bringing about improved mental developments in intelligence quotient (IQ) and social adaptation behaviour (SAB), as evidenced by recognized intelligence tests for children.展开更多
In China,rare earth elements(REE)are widely utilized in agriculture.Many studieson REE toxicology,pharmacology and biochemistry have been made both at home andabroad.However,REE damage to the functions of human memory...In China,rare earth elements(REE)are widely utilized in agriculture.Many studieson REE toxicology,pharmacology and biochemistry have been made both at home andabroad.However,REE damage to the functions of human memory,thinking andreasoning in animal experiments cannot be directly demonstrated.展开更多
Objective:The present study evaluates the concurrent and predictive validity of the Seguin Form Board Test(SFBT)as an intelligence tool for children in low-and middle-income countries.Methods:In a cohort of normal chi...Objective:The present study evaluates the concurrent and predictive validity of the Seguin Form Board Test(SFBT)as an intelligence tool for children in low-and middle-income countries.Methods:In a cohort of normal children,followed up in South India,two cross-sectional analyses were done at 3 and 7 years of age on 95 children.The SFBT and Vineland Social Matu-rity Scale(VSMS)were done at 3 years of age and Malin’s Intelligence Scale for Indian Children(MISIC)and the VSMS were done at 7 years of age,and the results were compared for concurrent and predictive validity for the SFBT.Results:Intelligence quotient and social quotient had positive correlations at 3 years of age,indicating fair concurrent validity.The SFBT done at around 3 years of age had good positive cor-relation with MISIC at 7 years of age,indicating good predictive validity.Conclusion:This study shows the utility of the SFBT as a community-based intelligence tool with acceptable concurrent and predictive validity.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Down syndrome(DS)is one of the most common causes of intellectual disability.Children with DS have varying intelligence quotient(IQ)that can predict their learning abilities.AIM To assess the brain metabolic profiles of children with DS and compare them to standard controls,using magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS)and correlating the results with IQ.METHODS This case-control study included 40 children with DS aged 6-15 years and 40 age and sex-matched healthy children as controls.MRS was used to evaluate ratios of choline/creatine(Cho/Cr),N-acetyl aspartic acid/creatine(NAA/Cr),and myoinositol/creatine(MI/Cr(in the frontal,temporal,and occipital lobes and basal ganglia and compared to controls and correlated with IQ.RESULTS Children with DS showed significant reductions in NAA/Cr and MI/Cr and a non-significant reduction in Cho/Cr in frontal lobes compared to controls.Additionally,we observed significant decreases in NAA/Cr,MI/Cr,and Cho/Cr in the temporal and occipital lobes and basal ganglia in children with DS compared to controls.Furthermore,there was a significant correlation between IQ and metabolic ratios in the brains of children with DS.CONCLUSION Brain metabolic profile could be a good predictor of IQ in children with DS.
文摘128 children of mental retardation were diagnosed in accordance with the diagnostic stand-ards proposed by WHO in 1985. The patients were treated compositely with acupuncture, auriculo-acupoint pellet pressure and herbal plasters on acupoints, bringing about improved mental developments in intelligence quotient (IQ) and social adaptation behaviour (SAB), as evidenced by recognized intelligence tests for children.
基金supported by the ResourcesEnvironmental Bureau, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘In China,rare earth elements(REE)are widely utilized in agriculture.Many studieson REE toxicology,pharmacology and biochemistry have been made both at home andabroad.However,REE damage to the functions of human memory,thinking andreasoning in animal experiments cannot be directly demonstrated.
基金The cohort study was supported by Wellcome Trust grant no.063144.
文摘Objective:The present study evaluates the concurrent and predictive validity of the Seguin Form Board Test(SFBT)as an intelligence tool for children in low-and middle-income countries.Methods:In a cohort of normal children,followed up in South India,two cross-sectional analyses were done at 3 and 7 years of age on 95 children.The SFBT and Vineland Social Matu-rity Scale(VSMS)were done at 3 years of age and Malin’s Intelligence Scale for Indian Children(MISIC)and the VSMS were done at 7 years of age,and the results were compared for concurrent and predictive validity for the SFBT.Results:Intelligence quotient and social quotient had positive correlations at 3 years of age,indicating fair concurrent validity.The SFBT done at around 3 years of age had good positive cor-relation with MISIC at 7 years of age,indicating good predictive validity.Conclusion:This study shows the utility of the SFBT as a community-based intelligence tool with acceptable concurrent and predictive validity.
