AIM To examine the incidence and trends in pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs) over 2000-2015 and project the incidence to 2018. METHODS A 16-year prospective study of IBD patients < 19 years of age was con...AIM To examine the incidence and trends in pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs) over 2000-2015 and project the incidence to 2018. METHODS A 16-year prospective study of IBD patients < 19 years of age was conducted in the Czech Republic(the Pilsen region). All incident IBD cases within a well-defined geographical area were retrieved from a prospectively collected computerized clinical database. Historical Czech data were used for comparison(1990-2001). Our catchment population was determined from the census data. We calculated the incidence by relating the number of newly diagnosed cases to the size of thepediatric population-at-risk in each calendar year. Age/sex, disease type, place of residence, and race/ethnicity were identified. RESULTS In total, 170 new IBD cases [105 Crohn's disease(CD), 48 ulcerative colitis(UC), and 17 IBD-unclassified(IBD-U)] were identified. The median age at IBD diagnosis was 14.2 years, 59.4% were males, and 97.1% were Caucasians. A male preponderance of IBD(P = 0.026) and CD(P = 0.016) was observed. With 109209 person-years in the catchment area, the average incidence of IBD per 100000 person-years was 10.0(6.2 for CD, 2.8 for UC, and 1.0 for IBD-U) for children aged 0 to 19 years; for those aged 0 to 15 years, the incidence rate was 7.3(4.6 for CD, 2.0 for UC, and 0.7 for IBD-U). An increase in incidence with age was observed(P = 0.0003). Over the 16-year period, the incidence increased for IBD patients(P = 0.01) and CD in particular(P < 0.0001), whereas the incidence for UC(P = 0.09) and IBD-U(P = 0.339) remained unchanged. IBD-projected data from 2016 to 2018 were 12.1, 12.3 and 12.6 per 100000 personyears, respectively.CONCLUSION Pediatric-onset IBD incidence is around its highest point. The increase, which is particularly pronounced for CD, may be challenging to relate to causes of pediatric disease.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to explore the safe and effective dose of dexmedetomidin for the prevention of agitation and delirium during the awakening period for children undergoing general anesthesia. Samples of 989...The purpose of this paper is to explore the safe and effective dose of dexmedetomidin for the prevention of agitation and delirium during the awakening period for children undergoing general anesthesia. Samples of 989 cases are collected from children with comprehensive treatment of dental caries, and were randomly divided into four groups. Group A, group B and group C were intravenously at constant speed （60 mL/h）, 0.5 and 0.25 infusion with 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine. Group D （control group） was intravenously saline at the same speed. The score of 5-point scale and the incidence of ED （emergency delirium） and EA （emergence agitation） in four groups were compared. Comparison of four groups of CHIPPS （children and infants postoperative pain） score, the amount of operation time and record seven halothane （TO）, time to stop cover drug withdrawal of laryngeal anesthesia （TM）, eye opening time （TE）, independent records of children at the time of ICU stay after anesthesia （TP）. Results show that there was no significant difference between the four groups （p 〉 0.05）, among which the TM in B, C groups was significantly higher than that in A, D groups （p 〈 0.05）. Group C was significantly higher than group B （p 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference in TE and TP between the A, B, D groups （p 〉 0. 05）. TE in group C was significantly higher than that in groups A, D （p 〉 0. 05）. The TP of group C was significantly higher than that of groups A, D （p 〈 0.05）, but there was no significant difference between the B, C groups （p 〉 0.05）. The incidence rates of EA and ED in groups A and B were significantly lower than those in group D （p 〈 0.05）. Group C was significantly lower than group A （p 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference between group C and group C （p 〉 0.05）. The CHIPPS score and sevoflurane dosage in groups A and B were significantly lower than those in group D （p 〈 0.05）. Group C was significantly lower than group A （p 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference between group C （p 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： the dose of dexmetomidine 0.5 μg/kg in children with general anesthesia can prevent restlessness and delirium after operation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Incidence and severity variations of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)have been reported from Western populations between continents and regions of the same countries.However,no data were available from other...BACKGROUND Incidence and severity variations of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)have been reported from Western populations between continents and regions of the same countries.However,no data were available from other countries.AIM To investigate the regional differences in the IBD profiles of pediatric patients from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.METHODS Data from a national multicenter IBD study were used.The incidence,time trend,and clinical presentation of Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)in the Central region(CR),Western region(WR),and Eastern region(ER)were analyzed and compared.Statistical analysis included Poisson regression analysis for incidence variation and Chi-square test for demographic and clinical parameters.A P<0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS The prevalence of positive family history was lower in children with CD from the ER than the CR or the WR.Consanguinity rate was higher in children with CD and UC from the CR and the ER,respectively.The incidences and time trends of CD and UC were not significantly different between regions.In the ER,a significantly higher percentage of children with CD presented with abdominal pain(P<0.001),blood in stools(P=0.048),stricturing or penetrating disease(P=0.029),higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate(P<0.001),higher C-reactive protein(P<0.001),higher anemia(P=0.017),and lower albumin level(P=0.014).For children with UC from the ER,a significantly higher percentage presented with anemia(P=0.006)and a lower percentage with pancolitis(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The most important finding is the identification of significantly more severe presentation of CD in the ER of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Prospective studies are needed to explain such variations.展开更多
Focusing on the region of Yarlung Zangbo River and the middle reaches of itstwo tributaries of Nianchu River and Lhasa River in Tibet (Hereafter referred to as the 'One Riverand Two Tributaries' region), and b...Focusing on the region of Yarlung Zangbo River and the middle reaches of itstwo tributaries of Nianchu River and Lhasa River in Tibet (Hereafter referred to as the 'One Riverand Two Tributaries' region), and based on the data from China 3rd, 4th and5th population censuses,the article has analyzed change patterns of this region' s labor force. Major findings from thestudy are summarized as follows; (1) Compared with the data from the 3rd census, labor forcepopulation in 2000 has increased significantly. (2) Children dependency coefficient has dropped,while old people dependency coefficient has changed very slightly with an increase of 0. 047% only.(3) Compared 2000 with 1982, illiteracy and semi-illiteracy rate of the population above 15 yearsold have decreased significantly by 30. 69 percentage points, but still higher than the nationalaverage. (4) Women' s illiteracy rate has dropped faster than men's, but up to 2000 it was generallyquite high. The upgrading of the entire population's overall quality has a long way to go.展开更多
基金Supported by the"On Our Own Feet Movement-Práteléstonozky"-Endowment Program
文摘AIM To examine the incidence and trends in pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs) over 2000-2015 and project the incidence to 2018. METHODS A 16-year prospective study of IBD patients < 19 years of age was conducted in the Czech Republic(the Pilsen region). All incident IBD cases within a well-defined geographical area were retrieved from a prospectively collected computerized clinical database. Historical Czech data were used for comparison(1990-2001). Our catchment population was determined from the census data. We calculated the incidence by relating the number of newly diagnosed cases to the size of thepediatric population-at-risk in each calendar year. Age/sex, disease type, place of residence, and race/ethnicity were identified. RESULTS In total, 170 new IBD cases [105 Crohn's disease(CD), 48 ulcerative colitis(UC), and 17 IBD-unclassified(IBD-U)] were identified. The median age at IBD diagnosis was 14.2 years, 59.4% were males, and 97.1% were Caucasians. A male preponderance of IBD(P = 0.026) and CD(P = 0.016) was observed. With 109209 person-years in the catchment area, the average incidence of IBD per 100000 person-years was 10.0(6.2 for CD, 2.8 for UC, and 1.0 for IBD-U) for children aged 0 to 19 years; for those aged 0 to 15 years, the incidence rate was 7.3(4.6 for CD, 2.0 for UC, and 0.7 for IBD-U). An increase in incidence with age was observed(P = 0.0003). Over the 16-year period, the incidence increased for IBD patients(P = 0.01) and CD in particular(P < 0.0001), whereas the incidence for UC(P = 0.09) and IBD-U(P = 0.339) remained unchanged. IBD-projected data from 2016 to 2018 were 12.1, 12.3 and 12.6 per 100000 personyears, respectively.CONCLUSION Pediatric-onset IBD incidence is around its highest point. The increase, which is particularly pronounced for CD, may be challenging to relate to causes of pediatric disease.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to explore the safe and effective dose of dexmedetomidin for the prevention of agitation and delirium during the awakening period for children undergoing general anesthesia. Samples of 989 cases are collected from children with comprehensive treatment of dental caries, and were randomly divided into four groups. Group A, group B and group C were intravenously at constant speed （60 mL/h）, 0.5 and 0.25 infusion with 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine. Group D （control group） was intravenously saline at the same speed. The score of 5-point scale and the incidence of ED （emergency delirium） and EA （emergence agitation） in four groups were compared. Comparison of four groups of CHIPPS （children and infants postoperative pain） score, the amount of operation time and record seven halothane （TO）, time to stop cover drug withdrawal of laryngeal anesthesia （TM）, eye opening time （TE）, independent records of children at the time of ICU stay after anesthesia （TP）. Results show that there was no significant difference between the four groups （p 〉 0.05）, among which the TM in B, C groups was significantly higher than that in A, D groups （p 〈 0.05）. Group C was significantly higher than group B （p 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference in TE and TP between the A, B, D groups （p 〉 0. 05）. TE in group C was significantly higher than that in groups A, D （p 〉 0. 05）. The TP of group C was significantly higher than that of groups A, D （p 〈 0.05）, but there was no significant difference between the B, C groups （p 〉 0.05）. The incidence rates of EA and ED in groups A and B were significantly lower than those in group D （p 〈 0.05）. Group C was significantly lower than group A （p 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference between group C and group C （p 〉 0.05）. The CHIPPS score and sevoflurane dosage in groups A and B were significantly lower than those in group D （p 〈 0.05）. Group C was significantly lower than group A （p 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference between group C （p 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： the dose of dexmetomidine 0.5 μg/kg in children with general anesthesia can prevent restlessness and delirium after operation.
基金Supported by the Deanship for Scientific Research,King Saud University,Riyadh,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,No.RGP-1436-007
文摘BACKGROUND Incidence and severity variations of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)have been reported from Western populations between continents and regions of the same countries.However,no data were available from other countries.AIM To investigate the regional differences in the IBD profiles of pediatric patients from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.METHODS Data from a national multicenter IBD study were used.The incidence,time trend,and clinical presentation of Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)in the Central region(CR),Western region(WR),and Eastern region(ER)were analyzed and compared.Statistical analysis included Poisson regression analysis for incidence variation and Chi-square test for demographic and clinical parameters.A P<0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS The prevalence of positive family history was lower in children with CD from the ER than the CR or the WR.Consanguinity rate was higher in children with CD and UC from the CR and the ER,respectively.The incidences and time trends of CD and UC were not significantly different between regions.In the ER,a significantly higher percentage of children with CD presented with abdominal pain(P<0.001),blood in stools(P=0.048),stricturing or penetrating disease(P=0.029),higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate(P<0.001),higher C-reactive protein(P<0.001),higher anemia(P=0.017),and lower albumin level(P=0.014).For children with UC from the ER,a significantly higher percentage presented with anemia(P=0.006)and a lower percentage with pancolitis(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The most important finding is the identification of significantly more severe presentation of CD in the ER of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Prospective studies are needed to explain such variations.
文摘Focusing on the region of Yarlung Zangbo River and the middle reaches of itstwo tributaries of Nianchu River and Lhasa River in Tibet (Hereafter referred to as the 'One Riverand Two Tributaries' region), and based on the data from China 3rd, 4th and5th population censuses,the article has analyzed change patterns of this region' s labor force. Major findings from thestudy are summarized as follows; (1) Compared with the data from the 3rd census, labor forcepopulation in 2000 has increased significantly. (2) Children dependency coefficient has dropped,while old people dependency coefficient has changed very slightly with an increase of 0. 047% only.(3) Compared 2000 with 1982, illiteracy and semi-illiteracy rate of the population above 15 yearsold have decreased significantly by 30. 69 percentage points, but still higher than the nationalaverage. (4) Women' s illiteracy rate has dropped faster than men's, but up to 2000 it was generallyquite high. The upgrading of the entire population's overall quality has a long way to go.
