Association of preschool children behavior and emotional problems with the parenting behavior of both parents

BACKGROUND Parental behaviors are key in shaping children’s psychological and behavioral development,crucial for early identification and prevention of mental health issues,reducing psychological trauma in childhood.AIM To investigate the relationship between parenting behaviors and behavioral and emotional issues in preschool children.METHODS From October 2017 to May 2018,7 kindergartens in Ma’anshan City were selected to conduct a parent self-filled questionnaire-Health Development Survey of Preschool Children.Children’s Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire(Parent Version)was applied to measures the children’s behavioral and emotional performance.Parenting behavior was evaluated using the Parental Behavior Inventory.Binomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between the detection rate of preschool children’s behavior and emotional problems and their parenting behaviors.RESULTS High level of parental support/participation was negatively correlated with conduct problems,abnormal hyperactivity,abnormal total difficulty scores and abnormal prosocial behavior problems.High level of maternal support/participation was negatively correlated with abnormal emotional symptoms and abnormal peer interaction in children.High level of parental hostility/coercion was positively correlated with abnormal emotional symptoms,abnormal conduct problems,abnormal hyperactivity,abnormal peer interaction,and abnormal total difficulty scores in children(all P<0.05).Moreover,paternal parenting behaviors had similarly effects on behavior and emotional problems of preschool children compared with maternal parenting behaviors(all P>0.05),after calculating ratio of odds ratio values.CONCLUSION Our study found that parenting behaviors are associated with behavioral and emotional issues in preschool children.Overall,the more supportive or involved the parents are,the fewer behavioral and emotional problems the children experience;conversely,the more hostile or controlling the parents are,the more behavioral and emotional problems the children face.Moreover,the impact of fathers’parenting behaviors on preschool children’s behavior and emotions is no less significant than that of mothers’parenting behaviors.

Psycho-cognitive behavioral problems in sleep disordered children

Sleep disturbances are common in childhood and adolescence. Sleep problems in early infants tend to be persistent and prominent in preschool and school-aged children. Chronic sleep disorders, especially in young children may lead to neurobehavioral problems and psycho-cognitive impairment. Sleep difficulties may be the result of underlying medical conditions, （breathing disorders） or psychological problems. Research studies have shown the association between sleep disorders and day time cognitive impairment, behavioral problems, poor school performance and inattention in children. Appropriate diagnosis and early management of sleep disorders in children lead to improvement of neurocognitive function and behavioral problems in these children.

Relationship between Parent-Child Attachment and Problem Behaviors among Chinese Firstborn Children in Family Transitions: A Meta-Analysis

The implementation of China’s three-child fertility policy has led to a notable increase in multiple-child families.Notably,firstborn children experience a significant transition from being an only child to a non-only child.This transition is associated with problematic behaviors,affecting their social adjustment,sibling relationships,and family harmony.Although several studies have examined the relationship between parent-child attachment and problem behaviors exhibited byfirstborn children during family transitions,thefindings have been inconsistent.Hence,a meta-analytic study was undertaken to elucidate the inconsistencies in this relationship and explore the moderating factors that may contribute to these discrepancies.Using a systematic literature retrieval and screening method,12 effect sizes were derived from the 10 eligible articles,encompassing a sample size of 5319.The meta-analysis demonstrated a low negative association between parent-child secure attachment and problem behaviors exhibited byfirstborn children during family transitions.Furthermore,the present study investigates potential moderator factors,such as children’s age and geographic region,to gain a more nuanced understanding of the relationship.Consequently,the establishment of parent-child attachment relationships has the potential to mitigate problem behaviors observed infirst-born children during family transitions.The implications of thesefindings indicate that parents can nurture secure attachment bonds with their children by demonstrating sensitive responsiveness,employing positive parenting practices,and fostering emotional availability.These efforts contribute to the cultivation of secure internal working models and positive behavioral manifestations withinfirst-born children,which in turn affect their relationships with siblings.

A Study to Assess the Psychosocial Problems and Quality of Life of Parents with Asthmatic Children in Opd’s of Ramaiah Hospitals, Bengaluru

The study was undertaken to assess the level of psychosocial problems and quality of life of parents with asthmatic children in Ramaiah hospitals, Bengaluru. Statement of the problem: “A study to assess the psychosocial problems and quality of life of parents with asthmatic children in opd’s of Ramaiah hospitals, Bengaluru”. Objectives of the study: 1) To assess the level of psychosocial problems and level of quality of life of parents with asthmatic children. 2) To find the correlation between scores of psychosocial problem and quality of life among parents with asthmatic children. 3) To find the association between level of psychosocial problem and selected socio demographic variables. 4) To find the association between level of quality of life and selected socio-demographic variable. Method: A descriptive survey approach was used for the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 50 parents with asthmatic children. Data was collected through interview schedule by using structured rating scale to assess psychosocial problems and quality of life. Data was collected and analyzed using descriptive and Inferential statistics in terms of frequencies, Percentage, Mean, Mean percentage, Standard deviation, Karl Pearson’s correlation co-efficient and chi-square test. Findings: The major findings of the study indicated that majority of the parents with asthmatic children that is 33 (66%) were having moderate psychosocial problems and 16 (32%) were having mild psychosocial problem and 1 (2%) were having severe psychosocial problem and 38 (76%) were having good quality of life, 8 (16%) were having better quality of life and 4 (8%) were having poor quality of life. Karl Pearson’s correlation co-efficient test revealed that there is a correlation that exists between psychosocial problem and quality of life of parents with asthmatic children 0.314 weak positive correlation. Chi-square test revealed that there was no significant association between level of psychosocial problems and quality of life with selected socio demographic variables at 0.05 level of significance. Interpretation and conclusion: The findings show that majority of the parents with asthmatic children had moderate level of psychosocial problems (66%) and majority had good quality of life (76%). There is no significant correlation between psychosocial problem and quality of life. There is no significant association between psychosocial problem and quality of life with selected socio demographic variable. This null hypothesis was accepted.

Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Left-Behind Children in Impoverished Rural China:A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of First Grade Junior High School

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems and related factors of left-behind children in impoverished rural China(mainly in thefirst grade of junior high school).Methods:A cross-sectional survey of rural households in 27 poverty-stricken counties in 12 provinces across China was conducted using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ).Results:The prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in left-behind children was 11.7%,and that of non-left-behind children was 8.9%.There was statistical difference between the two groups(P<0.01).There are no differences between the two groups in terms of the various factors of SDQ.The incidence of insomnia in the left-behind group was 58.3%,which was higher than that in the non-left-behind group 50.9%(P<0.01);loneliness(62.1%vs.51.8%,P<0.01);running away from home(23.1%vs.18.8%,P<0.01),and self-injury behavior(16.8%vs.12.2%,P<0.01).Left-behind children are more likely to have negative psychological feelings including insomnia,loneliness,self-injury,and run away from home.They also experienced more bullying including maliciously teased by peers,intentionally excluded or isolated,physically threatened or intimidated.All of these factors are associated with their abnormal emotional and behavioural development.Conclusion:The incidence of emotional and behavioral problems of left-behind children in rural areas in poverty-stricken areas is significantly higher than that of non-left-behind children;Logistic regression analysis showed that bullying behavior and abnormal psychological characteristics are significantly associated with left-behind adolescents abnormal emotional and behavioral development.

Relationship between Authoritative Parenting Style and Preschool Children’s Emotion Regulation:A Moderated Mediation Model

An authoritative parenting style has been shown to promote children’s emotion regulation in European-American family studies.However,little is known about how sleep problems and the child’s sibling status in Chinese families affect this relationship.Based on family system theory,this study attempts to better understand the relationship between authoritative parenting style and emotion regulation.Mothers of preschool children in Chinese kindergartens completed questionnaires about their children’s sleep habits,their authoritative parenting styles,and children’s emotion regulation.A total of 531 children participated in this study.Results showed that authoritative parenting was positively associated with emotional regulation.Sleep problems mediated the effects of authoritative parenting style on emotion regulation.The child’s sibling status moderated the mediating effects of sleep problems in authoritative parenting and emotion regulation relationships.Specifically,the relationship between the authoritative parenting style and sleep problems was significant for only children,while birth order had no significant influence on the authoritative parenting style and sleep problems in two-child families.These findings suggest that a lowauthoritative parenting style predicts low emotion regulation through sleep problems,and this depends on the child’s sibling status,indicating that children without siblings may impair emotion regulation due to increased sleep problems.

Sleep Duration and Sleep Problems in a Representative Sample of German Children and Adolescents

Objective: The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate sleep duration for nighttime sleep from early infancy to late adolescence in a German sample to illustrate the developmental course and age-specific variability of these variables among subjects. Methods: A total of 17,641 subjects from the KiGGS study were evaluated. The questionnaires contained questions about physical health, living circumstances, health behavior and risks, health supply, mental health, health-related quality of life and sleep. KiGGS assessed sleep by using parent questionnaire of children aged 0 to 10 years (n = 9944) and self-reports of adolescents (n = 7697) aged 11 to 17 years. Results: Total sleep duration decreased from 14.28 hours (SD = 2.33) at the ages 0 - 0.5 to 9.50 hours (SD = 0.82) at the ages of 10.5 - 11. Above the age of 11 adolescents report a decrease of sleep at night from 9.41 hours (SD = 1.33) at the age of 11 - 11.5 to 7.42 (SD = 1.73) at the age of 17.5 - 18 years. Unspecified sleep problems were reported of 19.5%, 13.0% of the children had difficulties falling asleep, difficulties sleeping through the night showed 8.8% of the children, whereas 3.0% report both symptoms—difficulties falling asleep and difficulties sleeping through the night. Conclusions: Age-specific variability of sleep duration is reported as well as sleep difficulties from infancy to adolescence. This is important knowledge for the health care professional who deals with sleep problems in pediatric practice.

Skin problems in children under five years old at a rural hospital in Southern Ethiopia

Objective: To examine the prevalence of cutaneous disorders in children under 5 years old who attended a rural hospital in Southern Ethiopia.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 26 to February 20, 2015 in children under 5 years old who attended Gambo Rural Hospital in West Arsi of the Oromia Region, Ethiopia.Results: A total of 324 children were included(59.6% male) whose median age was 16.4months. In total, 147 children [45.4%; 95% confidence interval(CI): 40.0%–50.8%]under 5 years had a skin problem, of which 101(68.7%) consulted for that reason. The other 46(31.3%) consulted for a general health problem and the dermatological condition was a secondary finding during the physical exploration. In 93 children(28.7%; 95% CI:20%–33.8%), it was the main disease, and in 54 children(16.5%; 95% CI: 13.0%–21.1%)it was concomitant with other diseases. The most common dermatological disease was scabies(n = 44, 13.6%; 95% CI: 10.3%–17.7%). Impetigo was diagnosed in 32 children(9.9%; 95% CI: 7.1%–13.3%), of which 23(71.9%) had complicated impetigo. Nineteen children(5.9%; 95% CI: 3.8%–9.0%) had eczema, 10(3.1%) had eczema associated to other conditions. The following most frequent skin problems were tinea(n = 9; 2.8%),infected wound and ulcer(n = 7; 2.2%), and burns(n = 6; 1.9%).Conclusions: Skin problems, mainly scabies, impetigo, and eczema were common in young children attended at a rural hospital in Southern Ethiopia. Children under 5 years should be examined thoroughly to rule out skin diseases, especially scabies.

Research of Problems of Left-behind Children in the View of Inclusive Education

Inclusive Education is one of the most advanced educational concepts at the present time. It advocates raising the participation of children and alleviating the exclusion problems between them at the same time. Although China is a large agricultural country, under the situation of fast-growing economic development, an increasing number of adults prefer to work in big city,we call this"working fever". This situation contributes to a growing number of Left-behind children, the problem became severer. As a major receiver of basic education in China, Left-behind children may easily suffering from the problems due to their family. This violates the original intention of Inclusive Education.

Distance Interventions for Children with Sleep Problems: A Review

Sleep problems in childhood are frequent and may cause damage to the children and their families;however,parental orientation appears to be effective in its many new formats,such as the distance treatment.This study aimed to review the literature about behavioral intervention performed by distance to sleep problems in childhood and summarize the main characteristics of such interventions.Searches were performed up to November 2021 in BVS Psicologia ULAPSI Brasil,SCOPUS,and PsycINFO,using the key words:sleep problems,insomnia,nighttime fears,behavioral intervention,behavioral treatment,treatment,intervention,sleep,behavior,child,children,infant,mobile phones,smartphone,app,telephone,online,internet,bibliotherapy.We included 14 studies.The main results indicate that interventions were implemented between 2 and 12 weeks,the most reported procedure was pre-sleep routines,and semi-presential interventions that required some presential contact were the most frequent.Written educational information about sleep through bibliotherapy and telephone contacts were the most used tools to implement the remote component of interventions.Ten studies indicated improvements on children’s sleep,and secondary results(parental sleep and/or mental health)were also reported among studies.Therefore,our findings suggest that distance interventions for childhood sleep problems are promising,but future research is still needed.

Solving an Age Old Problem A new law requires children to visit their aging parents

MORE than 10 years ago, the song Come Home As Often As You Can to See Your Parents became popular in China, reminding young people of their obli- gation to set aside their hectic lives and return to their hometowns to visit their aging parents. Today, the idea expressed in this song has been codified in Chinese law.

笛卡尔与卢梭:他心问题域中的理解儿童探究

一般性的他心问题主要包涵他心是否存在以及他心能否被认识或理解两个基本问题。相应的,在成人—儿童的关系中,他心问题转变为儿童之心是否存在,以及成人能否认识或理解儿童之心两个基本问题。笛卡尔和卢梭代表着关于儿童之心的两种不同理解路径,笛卡尔催生了一般性他心问题,并怀疑儿童之心的存在,是唯我认识论的理性主义路径;卢梭在与笛卡尔“对话”的基础上,发现了作为身体感受之心与自然善好之心的儿童之心,是德性论的浪漫主义路径。不过,卢梭的发现依然带有笛卡尔痕迹。笛卡尔和卢梭是奠基并影响儿童观念的两个早期关键人物,他们对儿童观念的现代化与现代儿童教育影响深远。

屏幕暴露与学龄前孤独症谱系障碍儿童情绪行为问题相关性研究

背景既往已有多项研究证实屏幕暴露现象在学龄前儿童中普遍存在,并且与儿童情绪行为问题相关,现有研究多集中在正常学龄前儿童,有关屏幕暴露与学龄前孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童情绪行为问题相关的研究较为罕见。目的 调查学龄前ASD儿童屏幕暴露情况及情绪行为问题异常检出情况,探究屏幕暴露与学龄前ASD儿童情绪行为问题有无相关。方法 选择2022年2—8月在郑州大学第三附属医院儿童发育行为科就诊的符合《精神障碍诊断和统计手册》(DSM-V)孤独症诊断标准的ASD学龄前儿童为ASD组,同期选取郑州市某幼儿园正常发育儿童为对照组。由两组儿童主要照护人进行填写屏幕暴露问卷及长处与困难问卷(家长版)。结果 两组儿童屏幕接触时间、家长对屏幕管理、“屏幕剥夺”反应比较,差异无统计学意义(P<0.001);ASD组儿童亲社会行为、困难总分及各个分维度(情绪症状、品行问题、多动/注意缺陷问题、同伴交往问题)异常检出率均高于对照组(P<0.001);Logistic回归分析发现电子设备放置在睡觉或玩耍空间、观看时照护人是否互动讲解、照护人对孩子观看电子屏幕态度、接触电子屏幕是主动要求还是被动参与、强制关掉电子屏幕孩子反应是学龄前ASD儿童情绪行为问题的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 屏幕暴露可能对ASD儿童情绪行为问题产生影响,家长应合理管理学龄前ASD儿童屏幕使用。

DBL视域下的儿童编程教学模式及其效果验证:一项基于设计的研究

基于设计的学习(Design-Based Learning,DBL)起源于学习科学领域,强调迭代设计与开发,与儿童编程教学的契合度较高,可为儿童编程教学模式的革新与学生问题解决能力的提升提供依据。基于此,文章首先构建了DBL视域下的儿童编程教学模式雏形,随后运用基于设计的研究方法进行两轮迭代实验,对模式雏形进行优化后得到DBL视域下的儿童编程教学模式。最后,文章利用准实验研究法检验此模式的有效性,结果表明:DBL视域下的儿童编程教学效果优于传统编程教学,且DBL视域下的儿童编程教学与传统编程教学在提升学生问题解决能力方面存在显著差异;DBL视域下的儿童编程教学模式有助于学生形成问题解决思路并学会反思,在教学实践中展现出了良好的适应性。文章以设计为主线,助推儿童编程教学模式革新,可为有效提升儿童的问题解决能力提供有价值的理论指导和实践参考。

绘本在儿童哲学活动中的运用

随着儿童哲学的发展,绘本在儿童哲学中的应用也越来越受到重视,图文结合的叙事形式成为开展儿童哲学的重要载体。文章通过分析绘本在儿童哲学实施过程中存在的问题,建议通过提高教师哲学素养、充分挖掘高质量的本土原创绘本、多举措形成家园共育的合力等途径提高儿童哲学的教学质量。

父母回应幼儿消极情绪的方式与幼儿问题行为的关系研究

采用《儿童消极情绪回应问卷》《长处与困难问卷》对220位幼儿的父母分别进行调查,探究父母回应幼儿消极情绪的方式与幼儿问题行为的关系,并进一步比较父母回应方式的单独效应与联合效应,为幼儿问题行为的家庭干预提供依据。研究结果显示:母亲/父亲的低支持性回应/高非支持性回应在不同程度上增加幼儿的问题行为,父亲的影响范围更广;父母的支持性回应一致低/非支持性回应一致高在不同程度上增加幼儿的问题行为,父母回应方式的联合效应与单独效应存在差异,部分支持加法模型。父母回应幼儿消极情绪的方式直接影响幼儿的问题行为,且存在累积效应,父母应给予一致的支持性回应来减少幼儿的问题行为。

父母睡眠质量和抑郁现状及其与婴幼儿睡眠问题的关联

目的了解北京市0~35月龄婴幼儿父母的睡眠和抑郁现状,探讨其与婴幼儿睡眠问题的关联。方法依托中国疾病预防控制中心妇幼保健中心睡眠调查项目,采用三阶段分层随机抽样调查方法,选取北京市经济发展处于中等水平的2个区:东城区和大兴区,每区随机选取2个街道或乡镇,按0~35月龄分组采取抽签方式随机抽取北京市常住婴幼儿,于2021年6月至7月发放问卷1344份,本研究选取答卷人为父母的1287例进行分析。应用简明婴儿睡眠问卷、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数和流调中心用抑郁量表分别评估儿童睡眠状况、父母睡眠质量和父母抑郁情绪。采用χ^(2)检验和Logistic回归分析父母睡眠不良和抑郁情绪与婴幼儿睡眠问题的关联。结果父母睡眠不良和抑郁情绪检出率分别为15.8%、7.3%。婴幼儿与父母同屋睡的比例为94.9%,需安抚入睡的比例为93.7%,入睡困难、睡眠时间不足、睡眠质量不良、睡觉有困难的发生率依次为34.0%、11.7%、19.9%、50.0%。单因素分析显示,父母睡眠不良的婴幼儿入睡困难、睡眠时间不足、睡觉有困难的比例均较高,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);父母有抑郁情绪的婴幼儿睡觉困难的比例明显高于父母无抑郁情绪的婴幼儿(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,父母睡眠不良(OR=2.23,95%CI:1.60~3.11)和抑郁情绪(OR=1.76,95%CI:1.10~2.84)均是婴幼儿睡觉有困难的危险因素。结论父母睡眠不良和抑郁情绪与婴幼儿睡眠问题有关联,婴幼儿睡眠咨询及干预应关注父母的睡眠及情绪状态。

PBL联合CBL教学法在儿童肺功能检测进修教学中的应用

目的探讨以问题为基础的教学法(problem based learning,PBL)联合以案例为基础的教学法(case based learning,CBL)在儿童肺功能专科进修培训中的应用效果。方法以2020年1月—2022年12月25名在四川大学华西第二医院肺功能专科的进修人员为调查对象,应用PBL联合CBL教学法,比较进修前后的理论知识与实际操作水平、胜任力水平,并调查进修人员对培训的满意度。结果经过一段时间理论和实践的培训,进修人员理论知识和实践技能操作水平以及胜任力水平较进修前均得到较大提升,培训前理论知识水平、实际操作和胜任力水平评分分别为(22.48±9.52)分、(15.40±5.97)分和(21.04±6.47)分,培训后理论知识水平、实际操作和胜任力水平评分分别为(75.00±24.00)分、(58.84±19.44)分和(65.32±17.39)分,培训前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肺功能检测进修人员对肺功能检测室整体工作环境比较满意。结论在PBL联合CBL教学法模式下,进修人员的理论知识与实际操作水平均有不同程度的提高,胜任力水平有较大提升,PBL联合CBL教学法可有效提高肺功能专科进修培训效果,肺功能检测应不断规范培训流程,完善肺功能检测进修体系,提升肺功能检测进修人员综合素质与学习满意度。

儿童家具的CMF设计原则分析

随着三胎政策的放开以及生活条件的改善,市场对于儿童家具需求越来越大,用户对儿童家具质量和设计也越来越重视。但市场中仍存在儿童家具颜色选用不恰当、材料使用不合理、表面处理存在安全隐患等突出问题,通过在颜色、材料、表面处理(CMF)设计理论基础上,结合儿童家具色彩设计、材料选用设计、表面处理的存在的问题而产生的需求,提出儿童家具整体色彩和造型应具有统一性的特点,在材料选用和细节处理应尽量从安全角度出发,表面处理也应该具有亲肤及抑菌的特性。从而提高儿童家具安全性能,满足儿童和用户需求,以期为儿童创造更加良好的生活环境。

功能性行为评估对孤独症儿童问题行为的个案干预研究——Tau-U指标的应用

孤独症儿童问题行为相当普遍,其中自伤性行为、攻击性行为和自我刺激行为发生频率高,其破坏性和危险性令人担忧。研究通过功能性行为评估,分析学前(2-5岁)孤独症儿童三种典型问题行为背后的功能原因,设计相应的干预方案,采用单一被试A-B-A倒返实验设计对问题行为进行干预。采用单一被试研究数据分析指标Tau-U进行分析,数据显示,经过4周干预,三名学前孤独症儿童问题行为的发生频率显著降低,干预有效。研究表明应用功能性行为评估诊断孤独症儿童问题行为,据此实施干预可有效减少问题行为,促进其适应性行为建立。