Analysis of Influential Factors on Agricultural Surplus Labor Professionalization During China's Economic Downturn

This paper contributed to the pool of studies about agricultural surplus labor in China, also acted as the root to the imminent settlement of the issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers. Using data from survey of agricultural surplus labor in 2012, which covered three provinces in northern, midwestem and southern parts of China, this paper analyzed the influential factors on agricultural surplus labor professionalization by adoption of a logistic regression model. It showed that agricultural surplus labor shortage could be explained by low-quality professionalization. It was a feasible and effective way to solve the issue of workforce shortage during economic downturn by improving agricultural surplus labor＇s professionalization.

A CHINESE ECONOMIC CIRCLE IN REALITY——On Five Basic Features of the Economic Relations Between the China's Mainland and Hongkong/Macao

Generally speaking, "an economic circle" refers to a group of countriesand regions whose economic relations override the universally accepted in-ternational practice or norms and they have formulated new economic ruleswhich are applicable only to countries and regions inside the circle.

The Economic Contribution and World Influence of China's Reform and Development Governance

This article summarizes a series of valuable accomplishments of China's government in promoting economic development, reducing poverty, maintaining social stability, and increasing people's prosperity since 1949. It summarizes the economic analysis framework of development governance in mainstream economics, and further analyzes the connotations and extensions of the conceptual framework. This paper also summarizes some of the core economic characteristics embodied in China's Reform and Development Governance since the reform, and further explores the necessity and direction of its future modernization and its impacts on different countries and regions in the world.

Analysis of economic operation of China's apparel industry

2018 marked the 40th anniversary of China’s adoption of the reform and opening-up policy. To China’s apparel industry, 2018 was a year full of challenges, changes and tests. Faced with the volatile international situ-ations and the tremendous pressure of the domestic structural adjustment, China’s apparel industry had maintained an overall steady development momentum characterized by steady performance on the domestic and foreign sales market, steady improvement of the operation quality and efficiency, improvement of transformation and upgrade effects, regardless of gathering crises and uncertainties.

Economic recovery in Greater China—Surveys in Hong Kong and China's Mainland predict a positive outlook for both economies

Two surveys conducted in Hong Kong and China's Mainland reveal predictions of a quick recovery ahead for both economies.The surveys were conducted by CPA Australia,with the Hong Kong survey jointly sponsored by Deloitte China and CPA Australia’s Hong Kong China division.

China’s Involvement with Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC) is the most influential economic cooperation mechanism in the Asia-Pacific region. China is not only a participant but also a staunch supporter of and a major contributor to economic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region. China has always upheld the spirit of Asia-Pacific partnership, leaving its footprints deeply engraved in the historical development of APEC. Through its involvement with APEC, China has not only furthered its own development, but also made important contributions to regional and even global economic development. Over the years, the practice of APEC, centering on the cooperative vision represented by the Bogor Goals, has greatly improved the liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment and has raised the level of economic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region. With the deadline for achieving the Bogor Goals approaching, the direction that such cooperation will take after 2020 has become a focus of popular concern. The international structure is now undergoing profound changes unseen in the past century. As unilateralism and protectionism affect the globalization process, APEC faces both opportunities and challenges in the near future. To draw up a future cooperation blueprint together with the other economies involved, China has to forge ahead bravely through all kinds of weather.

Does China's Huge External Surplus Imply an Undervalued Renminbi?

A pegged exchange rate regime has been pivotal to China＇s export-led development strategy. However, its huge trade surpluses and massive build up of international reserves have been matched by large deficits for major trading partners, creating acute policy concerns abroad, especially in the USA. This paper provides a straighOeorward conceptual framework for interpreting the effect of China＇s exchange rate policy on its own trade balance and that of trading partners in the context of discrepant economic growth rates. It shows how pegging the exchange rate when output is outstripping expenditure induces China＇ s trade surpluses and counterpart deficits for its trading partners. An important corollary is that given its strictly regulated capital account, China＇s persistently large surpluses imply a significantly undervalued renminbi, which should gradually become more flexible.

Deceleration of China's Economic Growth: Causes and Countermeasures

China's economic growth has been declining continuously at a rapid rate since 2011. It dropped to 6.7% in 2016 by more than 3% from nearly 10% average growth rate during 1979-2010. As for its causes, there are different interpretations among Chinese economists. One of the interpretations, which is held by some scholars including Justin Yifu Lin, is that external and cyclical factors are the main causes for the decline. The author disagrees with this viewpoint and holds that the root cause of economic deceleration is the delay in deep institutional reforms. An inclusive economy and state coercive capacity are two essential ingredients for sustaining economic prosperity. China must further enhance economic inclusiveness, and accelerate its transition into an efficienc y? driven and innovatio driven economy through deepened comprehensive marketization reforms. Meanwhile, it should further strengthen the rule of law to build a limited government that is capable, accountable, effective and caring.

“Double Surplus,” Capability Gaps and Innovation: A Macro- and a Micro-perspective on the Transformation of the Chinese Mode of Economic Development

In order to deploy the crucial levers in the transformation of the Chinese mode of economic development, it is necessary to identify the nature and reasons for the economy＇s existing mode of operation. The paradox of China＇s ＂double surplus＂ in the international balance of payments reflects the substantive issue of the appearance of a capability gap in Chinese economic development, which, interacting with dependence on FDI, hinders industry upgrading. As a result, the extensive mode of development has persisted and even worsened, rendering the Chinese economy more vulnerable to external shocks. At the historic juncture when the international economic environment is undergoing dramatic changes, the Chinese economy is likely to suffer severe setbacks due to its capability gap and dependence on FDI unless there is substantial development in its technological and organizational capacities and institution-building. Therefore, the critical variable in transforming the Chinese mode of economic development is capability growth.

The Slowdown of China's Economic Growth in Terms of Statistics

The paper discusses the falling back of economic growth from four aspects. From the aspect of production, the traditional industry has the greatest impact on the falling back of economic growth. From the perspective of demand, the consumption demand, investment demand, and export demand have jointly caused the falling back of the economic growth, in which the pulling function of investment demand is more obvious. From the standpoint of cardinality, the growth rate of the economy is restrained by the increase of economic scale. From the perspective of production factors, changes in the supply of labor force affect the falling back of economic growth rate.

Incorporating transportation network modeling tools within transportation economic impact studies of disasters

Transportation system disruption due to a disaster results in ＂ripple effects＂ throughout the entire transportation system of a metropolitan region. Many researchers have focused on the economic costs of transportation system disruptions in transportation-related industries, specifically within commerce and logistics, in the assessment of the regional economic costs. However, the foundation of an assessment of the regional economic costs of a disaster needs to include the evaluation of consumer surplus in addition to the direct cost for reconstruction of the regional transportation system. The objective of this study is to propose a method to estimate the regional consumer surplus based on indirect economic costs of a disaster on intermodal transportation systems in the context of diverting vehicles and trains. The computational methods used to assess the regional indirect economic costs sustained by the highway and railroad system can utilize readily available state departments of transportation （DOTs） and metropolitan planning organizations （MPOs） traffic models allowing prioritization of regional recovery plans after a disaster and strengthening of infrastructure before a disaster. Hurricane Katrina is one of the most devastating hurricanes in the history of the United States. Due to the significance of Hurricane Katrina, a case study is presented to evaluate consumer surplus in the Gulf Coast Region of Mississippi. Results from the case study indicate the costs of rerouting and congestion delays in the regional highway system and the rent costs of fight-of-way in the regional railroad system are major factors of the indirect costs in the consumer surplus.

The Strategic Problems on Economy Development in The Jump Pattern of Economics Suplus

In this paper,the strategic problems on economy development in the jump pattern of economic surplus have been discussed.By mathermatical calculate,the authors have given out the quantitative formula on the condition that the pattern of economic surplus is a jump function,and made out the curve figure of the econmic surplus and development rate.Then,the authors have advanced that the states of economy development can be divided into three types,and anyone of them will have many and varied possible conditions. And then,the authors have abvanced the quantitaive criterion to the three types of the states of economy development,and discussed the states. Lastly, the authors have researched the strategic problems about the three types of state of econmy development.

From Price to Gain:The Evolution of Household Income Volatility and Consumption Insurance in Urban China

This paper exploits a novel and unique opportunity to reveal the evolution of income volatility and consumption insurance from 1992 to 2014 in urban China.We found that(i)the average household experienced a downward trend in income and consumption volatility.Although the global financial crisis in 2008 caused a slight spike,it did not reverse the downward trend.(i)Households'ability to smooth income shocks improved significantly,and the consumption insurance against permanent(transitory)income shocks increased from 0.6172(0.8307)to 0.7453(0.8742)-that is,the transmission of permanent(transitory)income shocks to consumption decreased by 33.46(25.69)percent from 2004 to 2014.(ii)Welfare analysis indicates that the positive insurance effect counteracted the negative effects of lower economic growth in the 2010-2014period.Income and consumption volatility,and consumption insurance were heterogeneous across income sources,consumption categories,and various demographic characteristics,which have important implications forunderstandingChina's economictransition.

Healthy,Resilient and Up

Amid concerns that China's economic growth may soften below 6 percent data released by the National Bureau of Statistics(NBS)on October 18 showed that the country gained strength in the first three quarters of the year to meet its annual growth target although its economy continued to slow down in the third quarter(Q3).