Adaptation strategy for sea level rise in vulnerable areasalong China's coast

It can be seen from the calculation that the vulnerable area along China's coast in which the elevation is less than 5 m, is 143 900 km2, accounting for about 11. 3% of the total area of the 11 coastal provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. These areas are threatened to varying extent by sea level rise. According to prediction, the relative sea level rise (including global sea level rise caused by climate change and local relative as level rise caused by vertical crust movement and ground subsidence) along China's coast will be 4～16 cm by the year 2030 with the optimum estimated value of 6～14cm. It will be 9～26 cm by the year 2050 with the optimum estimated value of 12-23 cm. And it will be 31-74 cm by the year 2100 with the optimum estimated value of 47～65 cm. The calcuation result shows that the percentage of the cost for up-grading (heightening and consolidating) sea dykes/walls in adaptation strategy in the losses of submerged areas varies from area to area: 6. 9% in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River Deta, 1. 3% ～24. 6% in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta, and 0. 9%～2. 0% in the Huanghe River Delta.

China's Common Interest Theory in the Context of International Strategy

Common interest is the shared and convergent parts of national interests in the state of inter-dependency, composed of common benefits and common threats, and provides the foundation for international cooperation under bilateral, multilateral and global frameworks. This paper will take the concept of common interest on the level of international politics as the core and supplement it with thoughts, ideas and practices of the CPC and China's government leaders to sort out innovations made in China's common interest theory and international strategic thoughts since 1989, as well as sum up the basic implications of China's common interest theory and the rules of its evolution so as to offer a brand new dimension for Marxist international strategic studies in China.

Shanghai's 'Grand Foreign Trade' Strategy

Since the start of the 1990s when Shanghai started to blaze a new trail for the development of a huge metropolis through carrying out a development strategy of "opening and developing Pudong" and "building up an international economic, financial and trading centre in Shanghai", the city has

Qinghai's Strategy For Foreign Economic and Trade Development

Qinghai Province in northwest China has recently drawn up its strategy for foreign economic and trade development. The highlights include optimizing its investment climate, developing channels for introducing foreign capital and making good use of foreign funds, the development of natural resources and the reform of its medium-to-large enterprises to improve and benefit the development of its

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TRADE MARK STRATEGY IN FOREIGN TRADE AND ECONOMY

Trade marks are the marks of thecommodities and services. They arealso passes for the enterprises to enterthe market, and can reflect the economicbenefits and credit of the enterprises in acomprehensive manner. With thedevelopment of the market economy and theexpansion of foreign trade and business,trade marks are playing a more and moreimportant role in the economy. To establishits own famous brands as well as to protectthe trade marks more effectively, China willspeed up its steps to implement the

Learning Strategy Training in Foreign Language Teaching

A great many recent studies have shown that making good use of learning strategies can contribute much to students' foreign language learning. This paper deals with some important issues about strategy training based on O'Malley and Chamot's theory, including the concept, value and goals of strategy training and approaches to such training.

A Comparative Study of the Value Orientations of Foreign Language Education Policies in China and the United States in the 21st Century

Since the 21 st century, both Chinese Mainland and the United States have formulated foreign language education policiesbased on their national needs. This paper makes a comparative study of the value orientations of foreign language education poli-cies in Chinese Mainland and the United States in the 21 st century and finds that both China and the United States have regardedtheir national interests as the essential value orientation of their foreign language education policies. To be specific,the core valueorientation of foreign language education policies in China is to enhance its cultural soft power.In contrast,the core value orienta-tion of foreign language education policies in the United States is to safeguard its national security. Through the comparison of thedifferent value orientations of foreign language education policies of the two countries, the paper provides some reference for the for-eign language education policy-making in Chinese Mainland.

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric and colorectal cancer in China's Mainland

AIM:To investigate the current status of peritoneal carcinomatosis(PC) management,as well as the usage of cytoreductive surgery(CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC) in China's Mainland.METHODS:A potentially curative therapeutic strategy for selecting patients with PC,known as "Techniques",consists of CRS in combination with HIPEC.A systemic search of published works and clinical trials was performed.Additional papers were retrieved by crosschecking references and obtaining information from Chinese oncologists and relevant conferences.One hundred and one papers and one registered clinical trial on HIPEC were included.RESULTS:A literature review identified 86 hospitals in 25 out of all 31 areas of China's Mainland that perform HIPEC.The earliest report included in our survey was published in 1993.Different approaches to HIPEC have been utilized,i.e.palliative,prophylactic,and possiblycurative treatment.Only one center has consistently performed HIPEC according to the "Sugarbaker Protocol",which involves evaluating the extent of PC with peritoneal cancer index and the results of CRS with the completeness of cytoreduction.Positive preliminary results were reported:7 of 21 patients with PC survived,free of tumors,during an 8-43-mo follow-up period.Hyperthermic strategies that include HIPEC have been practiced for a long time in China's Mainland,whereas the "Sugarbaker Protocol/Techniques" has been only rarely implemented in China.The Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International hosts a biannual workshop with the intent to train more specialists in this field and provide support for the construction of quality treatment centers,especially in developing countries like China,whose population is huge and has a dramatically increased incidence of cancer.CONCLUSION:To popularize Sugarbaker Protocol/Techniques in China's Mainland in PC management arising from gastric cancer or colorectal cancer will be the responsibility of the upcoming Chinese Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group.

Domestication and Foreignization:A Unity of Acceptance and Rejection

In the world of the twenty-first century,as the bridge of exchanges in two different languages,translation plays an essential role in cross-cultural communication. Through the study of translation,people have come up with various ways of translation to cope with cultural barriers in communication. Foreignization and domestication are two most typical translation approaches. In this paper,the author analyses the differences between the two strategies and discusses the factors conditioning the choice of them influenced by language and culture. Based on the discussion,the author gets the conclusion that a dialectical view on the two translation strategies should be adopted in the translation process.

Language Learning Strategies and Strategic Teaching in the Foreign Language Classroom

The results of a great deal of research have suggested that language learning strategies can be taught and that instructing learning strategies and integrating them into regular instruction can greatly facilitate the learning of a second/foreign language.The aim of this article is to draw the readers' attention to strategic teaching that should be introduced in the foreign language classroom in order to meet the demands of contemporary language education. In particular, it points to the necessity that teachers should change their attitudes towards the roles they play in the classroom to become truly responsible for their learning.

Ways to Overcome Foreign Language Anxiety in Listening and Speaking for Middle School Students

Listening and speaking, being important components in English language learning, are affected by many factors,includ-ing one negative emotion, foreign language anxiety. This paper discusses the effects of foreign language anxiety on middle schoolstudents in English listening and speaking. It analyzes the causes of this anxiety in terms of teachers, students, schools, methodolo-gies and cultural background. The relevant teaching strategies are presented to reduce students' language anxiety and improvetheir listening and speaking.

Open Source Software Movement: A Challenging Opportunity for the Development of China's Software Industry

The software industries in developing countries are facing enormous challenges in order to grow amid fierce competition of import from the software makers in developed countries. Open source software (OSS) movement, which is a particular phenomenon in the software industries, seems to be a challenging opportunity for the developing countries that wants to move their own software industries up the value chain. This paper, using China as an example, identifies the issues that need to be addressed for the software industry, as well as the special characteristics of software products that need to be dealt with carefully. It proposes promoting OSS as a strategy the Chinese government should adopt to grow the software industry and the specific actions that should be taken.

Domestication And Foreignization

This article sets out to study two strategies on culture translation: one of them is domestication, the other is foreignization.Numerous authentic translated versions are collected to analyze the characteristics of the two strategies in both diachronic and synchronic perspectives. It is concluded that the two strategies have their respective features and applicable values. It is suggested that the two strategies should be viewed and studied dialectically and historically rather than statically and absolutely in order to place translation practice and translation theory in a correct track.

China Offshore Oil Industry and Foreign Investment

The history of China's offshore oil industry can be traced back to late 1950's when geophysical surveys started in limited offshore areas.Then,in 1960's and 1970's,a few exploratory wells scattered from north down to south were drilled resulting in a number of discoveries with the total proven oil in place being merely 40 million tons.In fact,the China's offshore oil industry in a real sence did not emerge on the horizon until early 1980's when China opened its door to outside world and the China National Offshore Oil Corporation(CNOOC)was born.

The Development Strategies of Foreign Language and Literature Discipline in China under the Background of“Building World-Class Universities and Disciplines”

“TheActionPlanforBuildingWorld-ClassUniversitiesandDisciplines”isasignificantplaninthedevelopmentofChinahighereducation,anditoffersopportunitiesandchallengesforthedisciplineofforeignlanguageandliterature.Bymeansofliteraturereview,thispaperdiscussestheconnotationofworld-classuniversityanddiscipline,andtheconnotationanddevelopmentstrategiesofworld-classforeignlanguageandliteraturediscipline,soastogivesomeenlightenmenttothebuildingofworld-classuniversitiesanddisciplines,andthedevelopmentofforeignlanguageandliteraturediscipline.Onthebasisofreviewingrelevantresearchbothathomeandabroad,thisstudyfirstpointsoutthatworldclassuniversityinvolvesworld-classstudents,teachersandresearchers,academicresearch,universitymanagementandsocialservices,amongwhichstudents,faculty,andresearcharethecorecomponents.Second,thisstudyclaimsthatworld-classdisciplineismainlyembodiedinthequalityoftalents,research,facultyandservices。

New Systemic Order and Foreign Policy Strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Middle East

The international system has characteristics that have a direct influence on the foreign policy of the countries.Among these,the systemic cycle of power is one of the most conspicuous features of the global system and the regions that affect this issue.In this vein,the systemic order resulting from the cycle of power in the strategic policy-making circle of units can play a limiting role and influence the type of strategy and strategy.The Islamic Republic of Iran is also one of the units of international order;hence,it is not exceptional.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to examine the order of the Middle East and,accordingly,to determine the strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in that region.Accordingly,it assumes that the regional order in the Middle East puts defense strategies,especially deterrence and passive defense,at the forefront of the strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Middle East.So,the present paper,while explaining the order of the international system and the order of the Middle East region,designs the foreign policy strategies of the regions of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Internationalization and the Structure of the Company＇s Marketing Strategy on International Markets Theoretical Remarks

The paper presents theoretical reflection upon international marketing strategy in the framework of internationalization and globalization of the market. It consists of four parts. The first one debates the nature and reasons for corporate internationalization. The second part shows an international marketing strategy in the concept of corporate expansion. The strategy consists of two elements： the basic dimensions of foreign market entry modes （part 3） and business presence strategies in overseas markets （part 4）. This paper proposes a theoretical framework for research conducted by Department of Marketing of the Cracow University of Economics. The research has been conducted as a part of grant received by Polish National Centre of Science.

Foreign Subsidiary Competitiveness： The Key to a Multinational Corporation＇s （MNC） Global Growth

A multinational corporation （MNC） should have its foreign subsidiaries become more competitive so that it can better compete globally and grow. Managing foreign subsidiary＇s competitiveness is vital for overall, long-term, and global organizational growth. Strategic global leadership, vision, and culture among the top managers of headquarters and foreign subsidiaries are vital for enabling the subsidiaries to pursue their vision of improved competitiveness. Sustained growth and improved competitiveness in the global organization＇s multiple country environments then become the means for an MNC＇s overall strategic enhancement.

The Interactive Development of China’s Retail Industry “Going global” Strategy in the Context of the Belt & Road Initiative

Helping China’s retail industry to "go global" and get actively involved in global value chain competition is an effective way to improve the international competitiveness of China’s retail industry and an important measure to enhance the Chinese manufacturing industry’s position in international markets. The Belt and Road Initiative is China’s national strategy providing guidance for strategic decision-making for China’s retail industry in terms of overseas target market selection, market access selection and overseas investment risk management. As such, efforts should be made to maximize the interactive development of China’s retail industry through the strategies outlined in the Belt and Road Initiative.

Strategies of Back Translation of Works on China Written by Modern Foreign Scholars--Illustrated by Translation of Chinese Characteristics

Since 1980s,with the deepening of the cultural communication between China and western countries,more and more works on China written by modern foreign scholars are translated into Chinese,and most of the versions are of high quality. But there also exist some common deficiencies,the most representative of which lie in the versions reflecting the Chinese elements,that is,the versions are ( 1) less formal; ( 2) less idiomatical and ( 3) unable to correct the errors of the original. However,translation practice shows that back translation is an effective way to solve the problems above. Based on the discussion of the back translation theory and his experience from translating Chinese Characteristics,the author presents some corresponding strategies about back translation.