Long-Term Trends in Extreme Temperatures in Hong Kong and Southern China

The observed long-term trends in extreme temperatures in Hong Kong were studied based on the meteorological data recorded at the Hong Kong Observatory Headquarters from 1885-2008. Results show that, over the past 124 years, the extreme daily minimum and maximum temperatures, as well as the length of the warm spell in Hong Kong, exhibit statistically significant long-term rising trends, while the length of the cold spell shows a statistically significant decreasing trend. The time-dependent return period analysis also indicated that the return period for daily minimum temperature at 4°C or lower lengthened considerably from 6 years in 1900 to over 150 years in 2000, while the return periods for daily maximum temperature reaching 35°C or above shortened drastically from 32 years in 1900 to 4.5 years in 2000. Past trends in extreme temperatures from selected weather stations in southern China from 1951-2004 were also assessed. Over 70% of the stations studied yielded a statistically significant rising trend in extreme daily minimum temperature, while the trend for extreme maximum temperatures was found to vary, with no significant trend established for the majority of stations.

HONG KONG DIRECT INVESTMENT IN CHINA＇S MAINLAND： A SPATIAL STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE LOCATIONAL BEHAVIOUR OF INVESTORS

The study shows that the regional differentiation of Hong Kong direct investement(HKDI) in China was enlarged in the 1980s and has has reducing since 1991. The concentration of HKDI in the southern China and the coast has has replace by the trend of moving northwards and iulandwards after 1989. But in terms of tnanofacturing sectors this trend has not clearly appeared until now. Those changing Patterns are dearly related to the behaviour of Hong Kong industrial investors.The survey results suggest that 'enjoying lower production cost' is the most important motive for thed investment in China. In consequece, 'close to Hong Kong','cheqper labour' and 'favourable policy' are major factors for determining the investment locations. This behaviour, together with the lack of comparison study in location selection among most investors, explains that Guangdong absorbed most Hong Kong investment in the 1980s. As the production costs have been increasing in Guangdong, are companies have started to invest in non-Guangdong locations since the end of the 1980s. From the mental map of Hong Kong investors, however, only some of the non-Guangdong locations are practically attractive.

ZTE's Global Debut of Grand X LTE (T82) with China Mobile Hong Kong

On 28 August 28, ZTE Corporation held the global launch of the Grand X LTE （T82） in Hong Kong. For this launch, ZTE partnered with China Mobile Hong Kong. Grand X LTE （T82） is the company＇s first single-chip LTE smartphone. It has a 1.5 GHz dual-core CPU based on advanced 28 nm technology. Compared to most phones on the market, the single-chip model is faster and more energy efficient. T82 has a 4.3-inch qHD screen, which provides exceptional HD quality. The phone has an 8 mp rear camera that supports 1080p HD video shooting and playback. The camera module with enhanced flash captures the sharpest images during the day and night. The front camera supports 720p HD video calls. T82 is also WiFi enabled and uses Android 4.0. The maximum download rate is 100 Mbps, and users have access to more than 600,000 Android applications to download. T82 also has a unique buttonless design that resembles a mini tablet.

Stakeholder responses to mandating environmental,social and governance reporting in Hong Kong China

We examine stakeholders’comment letters regarding the Hong Kong China Exchange’s(HKEX)2015 Consultation Paper,which proposed mandating ESG reporting in Hong Kong China.We test for significant differences in responses between stakeholder groups and whether the HKEX’s decision was consistent with stakeholders’preferences in the consultation process.Examining comment letters submitted by six lobbying groups—preparers,investors,the accounting profession,NGOs,other institutions and individuals—we analyze survey responses using textual analysis software and statistical tests.We find that users and the accounting profession participated more than preparers.We also find that preparers and users took different positions on mandating ESG reporting when lobbying the HKEX,whereas preparers and the accounting profession advocated similar positions.Moreover,we find a significant association between stakeholder groups’preferences and the HKEX’s decision on most proposed changes.

Transport Accessibility and Spatial Connections of Cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Based on geographic information system(GIS) spatial analysis technology, the spatial pattern of raster grid transport accessibility for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay area was studied and the states of spatial connectedness were simulated using highway passenger transport, railway passenger transport, port passenger transport and aviation passenger transport data. The result shows that transport accessibility within the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay area costs ‘one hour’ and the spatial distribution of accessibility in the area presents clear ‘core-periphery’ spatial characteristics, with Guangzhou, Foshan, Shenzhen constituting the core. The transport accessibility of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao is high. Average accessibility of urban nodes as measured by travel time is 0.99 h, and the areas accessible within 1.42 h occupy 79.14% of the total area. Most of the areas with the lowest accessibility are found in the peripheral area, with the worst accessibility being 4.73 h. Compared with the west-side cities, the economically developed east-side cities of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay area have higher connectivity with roads, railways, ports, and aviation transport. Guangzhou, Foshan, Zhuhai, Shenzhen, Hong Kong and Macao are closely linked. The higher the accessibility, the closer the intercity connectedness.

The Geological Significance of a Tuffite Interlayer in the Cretaceous Port Island Formation in Northeastern Hong Kong

The Port Island Formation(PIF), a typical Cretaceous red bed in Hong Kong, is dominated by non-fossiliferous, reddish clastic rocks, making it difficult to determine the sedimentary age of PIF precisely. Previous studies assigned the PIF to Late Cretaceous provisionally only on the basis of its stratigraphic sequence and lithology. This study identified a tuffite interlayer in the PIF and a zircon UPb age of 128.2±2.7 Ma by LA-ICP-MS method was obtained. It’s the first time to date the depositional age of the PIF with a reliable chronological constraint. With the support of stratigraphic evidence, we concluded that the geological age of PIF should be Early Cretaceous rather than Late Cretaceous. Based on the volcanic history of Hong Kong and Southeast China and the distribution of the PIF in Mirs Bay, it is believed that there was no volcanic activity in Hong Kong in ca. 128 Ma. The tuffite interlayer discovered in PIF was formed by the deposition of volcanic ash, which might originate from remote region outside Hong Kong, in an aquatic environment on Port Island. The identification of the tuffite interlayer, as the response to a volcanic event, has great significance not only to the studies of establishment and regional correlation of the strata system and the geological evolution in Hong Kong,but also to the study of volcanic activities in Southeast China.

The Conservation Status of Hong Kong's Tree Flora

Since 1840,333 native tree species have been recorded in Hong Kong.However,as a result of past and present land use practices,many forest tree taxa are in danger of extinction.Since the late 1970s,a systematic conservation system has been established in Hong Kong.Most of the forest and many plant species are protected by law.This paper reports the current conservation status of the tree flora of Hong Kong,based on a study of forest ecology and floristics between 1989～1996.The relevance of Hong Kong’s experience to the conservation of China’s tree flora is also briefly discussed.

Britain's Hong Kong Policy in Recent Years Changes and Assessments

The UK has been keeping a close eye on Hong Kong,not only because of their traditional historical links but also to maintain its own political and economic interests.With Hong Kong undergoing rapid changes in recent years,the UK's policy on Hong Kong has also made some adjustments.It still calls on restarting political reform in Hong Kong,emphasizing the importance of judicial independence,and trying to use Hong Kong to expand trade in China and in the Asia-Pacific region.In the future,China should pay more attention to UK's policy on Hong Kong under the framework of China-UK relations.

中国香港联合国教科文组织世界地质公园地质遗迹资源及综合利用价值评价

地质遗迹综合利用价值是地质公园开展地质遗迹资源保护、开发利用等工作的重要科学依据,但如何进行客观和定量的评价尚未很好解决。对香港世界地质公园的地质遗迹资源进行详细野外调查,根据《国家地质公园规划编制技术要求》划分地质遗迹资源类型,运用层次分析法对香港世界地质公园综合利用价值进行了定量评价。结果显示,香港世界地质公园典型地质遗迹共分为5个大类、11个类和14个亚类,从自然属性、价值属性、保护管理与开发利用条件等方面选取4个综合评价因子、15个具体评价指标,构建地质遗迹资源价值评价指标体系,并确定评价的指标权重;根据制定的评分标准,邀请专家对地质遗迹综合价值进行打分,运用地质遗迹综合利用价值评价计算模型,计算得出香港世界地质公园地质遗迹综合利用价值评价的得分为90.27,为一级旅游资源。研究成果为深入开展香港世界地质公园地质遗迹管理保护和开发利用等工作提供科学依据,也为其它地质公园的地质遗迹资源综合利用评价提供借鉴案例。

亚洲高密度城市住区更新案例研究及启示——以新加坡和中国香港为例

城市更新是我国内地高密度城市提升人居品质,推动城市高质量发展的重要着力点。以老旧小区更新改造为首的先行实践探索已广泛展开,制度政策不完善、人群需求复杂等现存问题使得建设政府引导、多主体参与的住区更新模式势在必行。亚洲高密度城市中具有代表性的新加坡、中国香港已经历了20余年的住区更新,积累了较多经验。文章通过梳理二者的住区更新发展沿革,分析其差异与共性,并基于典型实践案例总结出政策制定、需求适配、多方参与、文化延续、立体复合5个层面的住区更新实践经验,以期为我国内地高密度城市住区更新提供启示。

中国内地与香港地区股票市场尾部相依性分析——基于混合旋转Clayton Copula模型

构建基于BFGS算法优化的混合旋转Clayton Copula模型,选取上证指数收益率与恒生指数收益率分别代表中国内地与香港地区股票市场收益率的研究表明,我国内地与香港地区股票市场尾部呈正相依关系,且尾部相依结构具有不对称性,下尾分布较上尾分布更重;相比于单个Copula模型和混合Copula模型,基于BFGS算法优化的混合旋转Clayton Copula模型能更准确地估计参数,更全面地拟合我国内地和香港地区股票市场的尾部相依性。建议两地加强监管合作,共同制定和执行市场监管政策;通过大数据分析、机器学习等技术手段,提高风险识别的准确性和时效性,完善风险预警机制;引导投资者理性看待尾部风险,使其认识到市场收益率尾部相依结构的存在,并在投资决策中充分考虑尾部风险。

全面抗战时期中共东江游击队武器来源渠道研究

1938年10月广州沦陷后,中共广东党组织即在敌后战场筹建抗日武装,开展武装斗争,并在与日伪顽军的较量中不断发展壮大。全面抗战时期,东江游击队为获得部队发展所需武器装备,付出了巨大努力。从与日伪军、国民党军及与民众互动等角度梳理相关史实,能较为明晰完整地呈现这一艰难的过程。而来自香港地区的有力支援,则表明地缘环境是考察中共华南革命不容忽视的因素。

刘以鬯的新马经验与南洋叙事

刘以鬯曾于1952年至1957年在新马地区担任华文报编辑,这段新马经验对其创作生涯产生独特影响,也开启了南洋叙事的新风格。在新马期间,他结合在地经验创作了一系列带有南洋色彩的实验小说,这对新马华文文学的本土化及现代主义发展起到助推作用。纵观刘以鬯的南洋叙事,他具有立足本土的关怀意识,体现出对族群身份与社会现实的多元观照。一方面,他身为“南来文人”,自中国香港南下新马的个体流散经验在新客叙事中格外凸显;另一方面,他为南洋华侨群体发声,谱写华侨头家的奋斗,同情华侨底层的悲辛;同时,在跨族群叙事中,他又表现出多元的跨族尝试、跨族隔阂与跨族融合议题。

中国香港与内地入境旅游市场演化特征与差异

入境旅游是反映一个国家(地区)旅游吸引力、国际化水平的重要标志。为科学探究中国香港和内地入境旅游市场特征,基于改进的“旅游O-D”优化模型,本文从内外双视角、多维度指标对比分析两地入境客源市场的集中化和多样性特征与差异。结果显示,从内部来看,两地市场集中度均较高,但中国香港仍在不断小幅提升;内地则有所降低即多样化程度提高。两地互为对方首位市场,客源地重叠度较高,但中国香港过度依赖内地市场。从外部来看,两地“高高”“高低”市场特征相似,互为双方的双高市场,“高低”市场全为欧美国家,“低高”市场主要为中国澳门和日、蒙、菲等亚洲国家。从内外部结合来看,两地双高市场变动不大,内地一直为中国香港唯一的双高市场,而中国港澳台、韩长期为内地的双高市场,两地均无“高低”市场,双低市场数量均占比过大。市场集中化与多样性战略并无优劣之分,还要重视市场规模和持续、稳定的增长能力。内地和中国香港入境旅游在提升质量的同时,也要密切关注规模数量的增长,加强合作,共拓客源,吸引更多的外国游客经内地访港或经港访内地,提高外国游客总量,优化外国客源市场结构,推动中国入境旅游高质量发展。

中国内地企业赴港上市中介服务来源地选择研究

本文通过招股说明书搜集1999—2017年为中国内地企业赴港IPO提供中介服务的高级商业服务业(ABS)企业国别及服务频次数据,借鉴贸易引力模型探讨中国内地企业赴港IPO中ABS服务来源地选择的影响因素。研究发现:(1)各国的商业服务业出口比较优势、人均GDP、机场客流量、高等受教育人口比例显著正向影响了该国对中国内地提供ABS服务。(2)各国到中国内地或香港地区的文化距离、到中国香港的地理距离均显著负面影响该国对中国出口的ABS服务流量。(3)由于中国内地高级商业服务业发展基础的提升、政策支持及金融危机带来的机会,中国内地ABS企业的服务在赴港IPO中的市场份额越来越大。

接触与遏制并重:美国涉港金融制裁考察

美国涉外金融制裁可分为“因事而制”与“因国而制”两大类。前者的特点是制裁的具体事项源于他国而非涉事主体本国的问题,且美国国会、白宫及财政部没有颁行和实施针对涉事主体所在国家的专项制裁法令及项目。后者的特点是涉事主体因其“国内问题”遭受制裁,此类制裁不仅立足于国会的专项立法及总统令,而且依托于针对涉事主体所在国家或地区的特定项目,有关国家或地区作为整体意义上的涉事主体,成为实施制裁的主要参考变量。本文经过系统考察后认为,美国系列涉港立法及专项金融制裁项目的开启并非“修例风波”促动的偶发事件,而是美国强化对华遏制战略需求使然。新法案及新项目的出台推动了“因事而制”的既有涉港制裁趋向于“因国而制”的转变,打压的重点随之由非政府领域转向政府核心部门。“因事而制”主导、“因国而制”跟进,将是美国未来涉港金融制裁的主要演化趋势,其背后的主驱动力是美国接触与遏制并重的涉港战略布局,这是美国对华战略不可分割的部分。鉴于人权标准、内涵及外延固有的不确定性,关涉中国香港的“人权问题”仍将是处于“软对抗”状态的中美两国未来战略博弈的重要竞技场。但是,面对针对中国管辖下的自然人、法人实体和公权力部门的不合理制裁,中国政府不会容忍任何形式的外来干涉,将坚定捍卫国家主权、安全和发展利益。

粤港澳大湾区商事调解规则衔接问题研究

随着全球国际经济贸易的发展,有关纠纷也日渐增多。对于追求效率与成本的商事纠纷主体来说,调解越来越成为一个既有利于维护商业关系又有助于实现商事利益的最佳选择。当前,粤港澳大湾区内商事调解制度的发展存在法律制度体系差异、实践发展水平不同、内部合作经验不足、跨境法律服务欠佳等阻碍。在推进粤港澳大湾区建设的过程中,在大湾区商事调解既有探索与实践的基础上,找出一条适合粤港澳大湾区商事调解规则衔接的有效路径实有必要。具体应从以下几个方面着手:一是做好顶层设计,适时出台“粤港澳大湾区商事调解示范法”;二是立足《新加坡调解公约》,构建粤港澳“区际”商事调解制度;三是借鉴我国香港地区经验,明确调解员责任归属;四是与国际接轨,扩大纠纷解决的开放性。