Synergies of carbon neutrality, air pollution control, and health improvement - a case study of China Energy Interconnection scenario

Climate change and air pollution are primarily caused by the combustion and utilization of fossil fuels.Both climate change and air pollution cause health problems.Based on the development of China,it is extremely important to explore the synergies of the energy transition,CO_(2) reduction,air pollution control,and health improvement under the target of carbon peaking before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060.This study introduces the policy evolution and research progress related to energy,climate change,and the environment in China and proposes a complete energy-climate-air-health mechanism framework.Based on the MESSAGE-GLOBIOM integrated assessment model,emission inventory and chemical transport model,and exposure-response function,a comprehensive assessment method of energy-climate-air-health synergies was established and applied to quantify the impacts of Chinese Energy Interconnection Carbon Neutrality(CEICN)scenario.The results demonstrate that,by 2060,the SO_(2),NO_(x) and PM_(2.5) emissions are estimated to be reduced by 91%,85%,and 90%respectively compared to the business-as-usual(BAU)scenario.The direct health impacts brought by achieving the goal of carbon neutrality will drive the proactive implementation of more emission reduction measures and bring greater benefits to human health.

Framework for the China Energy Efficiency Label System

On August 13, 2003, the National Development and Reform Commission andGeneral Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.C (AQSIQ) jointlyformulated and issued The Regulations for Energy Efficiency Labels (hereinafter called TheRegulations), indicating the formal foundation of the energy efficiency label system in China.Energy efficiency labels are attached to the body or inner packing of energy consuming products.They are used to indicate the performance indexes such as energy efficiency of products and providenecessary information to help users and consumers choose energy efficient products.

Transitivity Analysis of the Energy in China’s New Era

At present,with the steady development of the global economy,more and more countries begin to pay attention to the impact of ecological environment on economic development and human society,so the ecological environment has become a global issue that cannot be ignored in today’s era.Therefore,from the perspective of the ecological philosophy of Diversity&Harmony as well as Interaction&Co-existence,this paper will conduct ecological discourse analysis on the Energy in China’s New Era based on the transitivity system of systemic-functional grammar,and use the Corpus analysis software UAM Corpus Tool 3.3x to label and make statistics on the transitivity system,aiming to explore the distribution characteristics of the transitivity system in this white paper.Through the transitivity analysis of the white paper,this study helps readers to have a deeper understanding of the positive significance contained in the white paper.To a certain extent,it enables readers at home and abroad to understand China’s stance on energy issues and the positive image of China in energy ecology.It also awaken readers’awareness of environmental protection and acquire good habits of resource conservation to be in harmony between human and nature for sustainable development.

The“China Energy Threat”Thesis and Sino-U.S.Relations:A Critical Review

As the global energy market undergoes profound changes,the world oil price fluctuates at a high level,and also China’s dependence on energy imports is on the rise.Some American strategists and analysts are keen on creating and disseminating the“China Energy Threat,”an illusion that is now somewhat exaggerated and overrated.On the contrary,there are reasons to believe that it is America that is the most powerful influencer and actor on international energy security and America is well advised to examine its own policy and behavior.The“China Energy Threat”thesis has cast some shadow over the steady development of Sino-U.S.relations,giving rise to mutual suspicion,mistrust and misunderstanding.The Strategic Economic Dialogue(SED)between China and U.S.alone is not enough.Both countries should demonstrate their political wisdom,create new mechanisms,make concessions,transcend oil and build up mutual trust.These should be identified as the policy foci and chief objectives of China and U.S.both at present and in the future.

Perceiving China's Energy Development from the World Key Energy Statistics

As the world's authoritative organization on energy information, the International Energy Agency (IEA), which was founded in 1974, releases Key World Energy Statistics every year from 1997 (hereinafter referred to as the "Key Data"). The "Key Data" released in 2007 announced the 2005 statistics, and also provided the 1973 statistics for comparison. From the published data, we can clearly find the development path and trend of the world energy and power industry. Also, China's strong development momentum, high- speed growth of energy consumption and the enormous challenges in the sustainable energy supply are especially noticeable. This paper reviewed the "Key Data" to perceive China's Energy Development. The analysis and interpretation of these data are purely from the author's point of view.

Celanese Joins U.S.-China Energy Cooperation Program as Founding Management Board Member

Celanese Corporation has become a foundingcorporate member of the U.S.-China EnergyCooperation Program (ECP) and joined theentity’s founding management board.Celaneseannounced on December 23rd,2009.This reaffirms the company’s commitmentto environmentally sustainable growth inChina,the company’s fastest-growingregion.The mission of ECP,a private-sectorinitiated,managed and financedorganization,is to facilitate the adoption

China＇s Energy Landscape Growing：Report

China’s slower economic growth and its economic transition and fuel mix will have a major impact on the global energy market in the next 20 years,according to the 2017 BP Energy Outlook released in Washington in early February of 2017.The report projects that China’s energy demand growth will slow down to 1.9 percent a year through the next 20 years to 2035,less than a third of China’s pace in the last 20 years of 6.3 percent a year.However,China will still consume more than a quarter

Nuclear Power——China's Important Energy Pillar

Nuclear power will be a must for Chinafor its energy development to meet thelarge energy demand of its hugepopulation and rapid economic development. China’s self-designed Qinshan NuclearPower Station of 300,000 kw is now runningsmoothly.Its power generation units’ loadfactor was 66 percent in 1993 and 68 percentin 1994.Through examination andmeasurement,it can be certain that the designand manufacture quality of China-made fuelauxiliaries,steam generators and turbo-generation units at the station are reliableand satisfactory,with its radiative materialdischarge to the environment far below thenational level,not affecting the ambientenvironment radiative level.In July,1995,the Qinshan Nuclear Power Station wasaccepted by the State,enabling China

Discount Rate of China’s New Energy Power Industry

Under the dual pressures of energy crisis and environmental pollution,China’s new energy power industry has become a focal point for environmental management and requires greater investment.In this context,as a significant input of investment projects,discount rate requires a well-calibrated evaluation because new energy power investment projects are highly capital intensive.The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the discount rate of China’s new energy power industry.First,we use Moving Average to correct the parameters of capital asset pricing model(CAPM)and weighted average cost of capital,which extends the literature on the avoidance of CAPM noise information problem.Second,we study the industry-level annual discount rates of mainly China’s new energy power industries,including hydropower,nuclear power,wind power,and photovoltaic power industries for the period of 2014-2019.The results show that discount rates in China’s new energy power industries evolved differently between the years of 2014-2019 with average annual discount rates being 7.56%,5.83%,5.60%,and 8.64%,for the hydropower,nuclear power,wind power,and photovoltaic power industries,respectively.In 2019,the four annual discount rates were highest for the photovoltaic power industry(8.66%),followed by hydropower(7.17%),wind power(5.72%),and nuclear power industry(5.26%).Forecasting to 2020 from the 2019 evaluation base period,the discount rates are 6.37%,5.00%,6.57%,and 9.05%for the photovoltaic power,hydropower,wind power,and nuclear power industries,respectively.Under the different capital structures,their forecasts for the photovoltaic power,hydropower,wind power,and nuclear power industries in 2020 are,respectively,within[4.35%,9.24%],[3.92%,7.10%],[4.58%,10.40%],[5.46%,14.81%].We also discussed more details on capital structure and forecast period of discount rates for China’s new energy power industries.Our analysis shows that it is necessary to establish a new energy power industry database and steadily promote the implementation of policies.

ESTIMATION OF THEORETICAL POTENTIAL AND EXPLOITABLE QUANTITY OF CHINA'S OCEANIC THERMAL ENERGY

Two estimaton methods are used to calculate the theoretical reservoir potential of China's oceanic thermal energy. One is based on the measured temperature difference between the surface water and the deep water, the other on the net radiation energy income from solar insolation either measured or deduced. The results from these two methods are compared and examined. Then, the maximum amount of the exploitable thermal energy is calculated based on the assumption of a Carnot cycle efficiency. In the process of estimation, such factors as water depth, seasonal water temperature variation and geographic location have been taken into account.The theoretical reservoir capacity and the exploitable quantity of the thermal energy of China's four seas are thus estimated separately.

China continues safe nuclear energy

As a significant component of China’s effort to resolve energy problems, nuclear power will be kept developing in China, and the safety of which can be ensured. The remarks came at a time when uncertainties loom over China’s nuclear future. Beijing suspended approvals

Energy for China

Rarely has the world witnessed the breathtaking economic developments currently ongoing in China. Neither the explosive entry in the international scene by the fresh nation of the United States, following World War Ⅰ, nor the reconstruction frenzy of post-World War Ⅱ Europe and Japan can rival the growth of China in the last decade and the even more intense one expected in the future.

Analysis of China's Energy Industrial Development Trend in 2016

Nowadays,China has become the world’s largest energy producer,consumer and CO_2 emitter.Although the economic growth is slowing down,China still has a bigger portion in world’s energy demand increment for its larger economic volume and is an important endogenous factor of global energy market.

The Belt and Road Initiatives and China＇s International Energy Cooperation： Progress, Mechanisms, and Recommendations

China＇s international energy cooperation and energy security are important parts of The Belt and Road initiatives. China and the countries along the Belt and Road continue to promote cooperation, actively use the existing bilateral and multilateral cooperation mechanisms to promote the regional and inter-regional energy cooperation. Countries along the Belt and Road are rich in oil and gas resources; their demand on the diversification of export meet with the diversification demand on imports of consumption countries; and their oil refining and chemical technology as well as construction capacity is weak, which provides a lot of new opportunities in cooperation for Chinese enterprises. However, the energy cooperation of Chinese enterprises are also facing some challenges in the complex environment of energy cooperation, the interference of big powers, non-traditional security threats, and energy policy factors. Finally, the paper puts forward the strategic thinking of China＇s international energy cooperation under the new situation.

China's energy consumption growth picks up, structure improved

China＇s energy consumption in the first three quarters grew at a faster pace as use of renewable energy posted steady momentum, official data showed Tuesday. Coal used in building materials and the electric, steel and chemical industries accounted for 85 percent of overall coal consumption during the first nine months, data released by the National Energy Administration （NEA） showed. While petroleum consumption remained steady,

Huaibei City——A Newly-Developed Energy Source Base in China

A newly developed energy source basein China,Huaibei City,is located inthe northern part of Anhui Province,under the direct control of the provincialgovernment.Under its jurisdiction,there arethree districts and one county,covering atotal area of 2725 sq km and with a populationof 1.8 million. The city boasts unique mineralresources.A total of 13 minerals have beensurveyed,including coal,iron and kaoline.The reserves of coal,the richest of all,areestimated at about 10 billion tons and theprospective reserves 35 billion tons.Basedon its coal resources,the city has set up 24pairs of large and modern mines with anannual production capacity of 20 milliontons,ranking fifth in the country.The